• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2020

CRM의 하위 연구 분야로 진행되었던 고객이탈예측은 최근 비즈니스 머신러닝 기술의 발전으로 인해 빅데이터 기반의 퍼포먼스 마케팅 주제로 더욱 그 중요도가 높아지고 있다. 그러나, 기존의 관련 연구는 예측 모형 자체의 성능을 개선시키는 것이 주요 목적이었으며, 전체적인 고객이탈예측 프로세스를 개선하고자 하는 연구는 상대적으로 부족했다. 본 연구는 성공적인 고객이탈관리가 모형 자체의 성능보다는 전체 프로세스의 개선을 통해 더 잘 이루어질 수 있다는 가정하에, 이차원 고객충성도 세그먼트 기반의 고객이탈예측 프로세스 (CCP/2DL: Customer Churn Prediction based on Two-Dimensional Loyalty segmentation)를 제안한다. CCP/2DL은 양방향, 즉 양적 및 질적 로열티 기반의 고객세분화를 시행하고, 고객세그먼트들을 이탈패턴에 따라 2차 그룹핑을 실시한 뒤, 이탈패턴 그룹별 이질적인 이탈예측 모형을 독립적으로 적용하는 일련의 이탈예측 프로세스이다. 제안한 이탈예측 프로세스의 상대적 우수성을 평가하기 위해 기존의 범용이탈예측 프로세스와 클러스터링 기반 이탈예측 프로세스와의 성능 비교를 수행하였다. 글로벌 NGO 단체인 A사의 협력으로 후원자 데이터를 활용한 분석과 검증을 수행했으며, 제안한 CCP/2DL의 성능이 다른 이탈예측 방법론보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이탈예측 프로세스는 이탈예측에도 효과적일 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 고객통찰력을 확보하고, 관련된 다른 퍼포먼스 마케팅 활동을 수행할 수 있는 전략적 기반이 될 수 있다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-40
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• 1972

Much has teed changed in the field of hospital administration in the It wake of the rapid development of sciences, techniques ana systematic hospital management. However, we still have a long way to go in organization, in the quality of hospital employees and hospital equipment and facilities, and in financial support in order to achieve proper hospital management. The above factors greatly effect the ability of hospitals to fulfill their obligation in patient care and nursing services. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal methods of standardization and quality nursing so as to improve present nursing services through investigations and analyses of various problems concerning nursing administration. This study has been undertaken during the six month period from October 1971 to March 1972. The 41 comprehensive hospitals have been selected iron amongst the 139 in the whole country. These have been categorized according-to the specific purposes of their establishment, such as 7 university hospitals, 18 national or public hospitals, 12 religious hospitals and 4 enterprise ones. The following conclusions have been acquired thus far from information obtained through interviews with nursing directors who are in charge of the nursing administration in each hospital, and further investigations concerning the purposes of establishment, the organization, personnel arrangements, working conditions, practices of service, and budgets of the nursing service department. 1. The nursing administration along with its activities in this country has been uncritical1y adopted from that of the developed countries. It is necessary for us to re-establish a new medical and nursing system which is adequate for our social environments through continuous study and research. 2. The survey shows that the 7 university hospitals were chiefly concerned with education, medical care and research; the 18 national or public hospitals with medical care, public health and charity work; the 2 religious hospitals with medical care, charity and missionary works; and the 4 enterprise hospitals with public health, medical care and charity works. In general, the main purposes of the hospitals were those of charity organizations in the pursuit of medical care, education and public benefits. 3. The survey shows that in general hospital facilities rate 64 per cent and medical care 60 per-cent against a 100 per cent optimum basis in accordance with the medical treatment law and approved criteria for training hospitals. In these respects, university hospitals have achieved the highest standards, followed by religious ones, enterprise ones, and national or public ones in that order. 4. The ages of nursing directors range from 30 to 50. The level of education achieved by most of the directors is that of graduation from a nursing technical high school and a three year nursing junior college; a very few have graduated from college or have taken graduate courses. 5. As for the career tenure of nurses in the hospitals: one-third of the nurses, or 38 per cent, have worked less than one year; those in the category of one year to two represent 24 pet cent. This means that a total of 62 per cent of the career nurses have been practicing their profession for less than two years. Career nurses with over 5 years experience number only 16 per cent: therefore the efficiency of nursing services has been rated very low. 6. As for the standard of education of the nurses: 62 per cent of them have taken a three year course of nursing in junior colleges, and 22 per cent in nursing technical high schools. College graduate nurses come up to only 15 per cent; and those with graduate course only 0.4 per cent. This indicates that most of the nurses are front nursing technical high schools and three year nursing junior colleges. Accordingly, it is advisable that nursing services be divided according to their functions, such as professional, technical nurses and nurse's aides. 7. The survey also shows that the purpose of nursing service administration in the hospitals has been regulated in writing in 74 per cent of the hospitals and not regulated in writing in 26 per cent of the hospitals. The general purposes of nursing are as follows: patient care, assistance in medical care and education. The main purpose of these nursing services is to establish proper operational and personnel management which focus on in-service education. 8. The nursing service departments belong to the medical departments in almost 60 per cent of the hospitals. Even though the nursing service department is formally separated, about 24 per cent of the hospitals regard it as a functional unit in the medical department. Only 5 per cent of the hospitals keep the department as a separate one. To the contrary, approximately 12 per cent of the hospitals have not established a nursing service department at all but surbodinate it to the other department. In this respect, it is required that a new hospital organization be made to acknowledge the independent function of the nursing department. In 76 per cent of the hospitals they have advisory committees under the nursing department, such as a dormitory self·regulating committee, an in-service education committee and a nursing procedure and policy committee. 9. Personnel arrangement and working conditions of nurses 1) The ratio of nurses to patients is as follows: In university hospitals, 1 to 2.9 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 4.0 for out-patients; in religious hospitals, 1 to 2.3 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 5.4 for out-patients. Grouped together this indicates that one nurse covers 2.2 hospitalized patients and 4.3 out-patients on a daily basis. The current medical treatment law stipulates that one nurse should care for 2.5 hospitalized patients or 30.0 out-patients. Therefore the statistics indicate that nursing services are being peformed with an insufficient number of nurses to cover out-patients. The current law concerns the minimum number of nurses and disregards the required number of nurses for operation rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, new-born baby rooms, central supply rooms and emergency rooms. Accordingly, tile medical treatment law has been requested to be amended. 2) The ratio of doctors to nurses: In university hospitals, the ratio is 1 to 1.1; in national of public hospitals, 1 to 0.8; in religious hospitals 1 to 0.5; and in private hospitals 1 to 0.7. The average ratio is 1 to 0.8; generally the ideal ratio is 3 to 1. Since the number of doctors working in hospitals has been recently increasing, the nursing services have consequently teen overloaded, sacrificing the services to the patients. 3) The ratio of nurses to clerical staff is 1 to 0.4. However, the ideal ratio is 5 to 1, that is, 1 to 0.2. This means that clerical personnel far outnumber the nursing staff. 4) The ratio of nurses to nurse's-aides; The average 2.5 to 1 indicates that most of the nursing service are delegated to nurse's-aides owing to the shortage of registered nurses. This is the main cause of the deterioration in the quality of nursing services. It is a real problem in the guest for better nursing services that certain hospitals employ a disproportionate number of nurse's-aides in order to meet financial requirements. 5) As for the working conditions, most of hospitals employ a three-shift day with 8 hours of duty each. However, certain hospitals still use two shifts a day. 6) As for the working environment, most of the hospitals lack welfare and hygienic facilities. 7) The salary basis is the highest in the private university hospitals, with enterprise hospitals next and religious hospitals and national or public ones lowest. 8) Method of employment is made through paper screening, and further that the appointment of nurses is conditional upon the favorable opinion of the nursing directors. 9) The unemployment ratio for one year in 1971 averaged 29 per cent. The reasons for unemployment indicate that the highest is because of marriage up to 40 per cent, and next is because of overseas employment. This high unemployment ratio further causes the deterioration of efficiency in nursing services and supplementary activities. The hospital authorities concerned should take this matter into a jeep consideration in order to reduce unemployment. 10) The importance of in-service education is well recognized and established. 1% has been noted that on the-job nurses. training has been most active, with nursing directors taking charge of the orientation programs of newly employed nurses. However, it is most necessary that a comprehensive study be made of instructors, contents and methods of education with a separate section for in-service education. 10. Nursing services'activities 1) Division of services and job descriptions are urgently required. 81 per rent of the hospitals keep written regulations of services in accordance with nursing service manuals. 19 per cent of the hospitals do not keep written regulations. Most of hospitals delegate to the nursing directors or certain supervisors the power of stipulating service regulations. In 21 per cent of the total hospitals they have policy committees, standardization committees and advisory committees to proceed with the stipulation of regulations. 2) Approximately 81 per cent of the hospitals have service channels in which directors, supervisors, head nurses and staff nurses perform their appropriate services according to the service plans and make up the service reports. In approximately 19 per cent of the hospitals the staff perform their nursing services without utilizing the above channels. 3) In the performance of nursing services, a ward manual is considered the most important one to be utilized in about 32 percent of hospitals. 25 per cent of hospitals indicate they use a kardex; 17 per cent use ward-rounding, and others take advantage of work sheets or coordination with other departments through conferences. 4) In about 78 per cent of hospitals they have records which indicate the status of personnel, and in 22 per cent they have not. 5) It has been advised that morale among nurses may be increased, ensuring more efficient services, by their being able to exchange opinions and views with each other. 6) The satisfactory performance of nursing services rely on the following factors to the degree indicated: approximately 32 per cent to the systematic nursing activities and services; 27 per cent to the head nurses ability for nursing diagnosis; 22 per cent to an effective supervisory system; 16 per cent to the hospital facilities and proper supply, and 3 per cent to effective in·service education. This means that nurses, supervisors, head nurses and directors play the most important roles in the performance of nursing services. 11. About 87 per cent of the hospitals do not have separate budgets for their nursing departments, and only 13 per cent of the hospitals have separate budgets. It is recommended that the planning and execution of the nursing administration be delegated to the pertinent administrators in order to bring about improved proved performances and activities in nursing services.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2000

1994년 가을 한국을 방문하였을 때 놀란 것 온 도시 근교에 숲과 같이 세워진 고층 아파트 단지와 그 수요의 배경이 된 서울, 수원을 비롯한 수도권의 인구 집중이었다. 이러한 인구 집중을 가져온 것은 바로 제2차, 3차 산업의 발달이었다. 그 이후 6년만인 2000년 3월에 다시 농촌과 농촌지도사업의 변화 동향을 살펴보기 위하여 농가 방문, 도 농업기술원 및 시 ${\cdot}$ 군농업 기술센터를 방문하면서 더욱 진전된 아파트군과 도시 근교의 비닐 하우스 단지였으며, 이는 한국이 지속적인 경제 발전을 하고 있다는 한 증거였다. 한국은 1997년에 내습한 통화위기로 IMF의 구제 금융을 받게 되었고, 이로 인하여 한국 경제는 IMF의 관리하에 있었으나 1년만에 회복의 기미를 보이기 시작하였으며, 1999에는 GDP 성장률이 10.7%에 달하였다. 한국 정부는 이 시기에 구조개혁을 단행하여 금융, 기업, 노동, 공공의 각 부분에 개혁을 단행하였다. 특히 정부로서는 정부 조직을 개편하여 지방화, 행정 조직 인원의 삭감, 농업 예산의 축소하는 방향으로 나아갔고 공기업을 민영화하여 농업 단체의 통합, 각종 규제를 철폐하였다. 중앙 정부의 권력이 지방으로 많이 이양되어 시장, 군수 등의 권한이 크게 늘어났다. 농촌지도사업도 IMF 관리하의 정부 조직 개편 및 규제 완화의 대상이 되었다. 지금까지 중앙 정부 소속이었던 농촌지도 사업이 지방화의 영향으로 시 ${\cdot}$ 군으로 이관되었다. 이것에 동반하여 농촌지도소 수의 축소(64%), 지도 직원의 감원(24%), 사업 예산의 감소 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 개편 과정에서 농촌지도사업의 기본적인 방향을 정하는 것은 중앙의 농촌진흥청이 맡고 인사와 기술 개발, 지원은 도농업기술원, 사업운영 책임은 시 ${\cdot}$ 군에서 맡는 체제로 개편되었다. 시 ${\cdot}$ 군 단계의 농촌지도사업은 담당 기구가 농촌지도소에서 농업기술센터로 그 명칭이 변경되었고, 설치권자가 군수로 되었으며, 그 기능에 기술 개발 업무가 더해졌으며, 농촌지도사 및 생활지도사의 수가 크게 감소되었다. 최근에 한국의 농촌 및 농촌지도사업을 관찰한 결과, 이러한 중앙, 도 시 군의 지도 기능 분담이 그렇게 잘 인식되어 있는 것만은 아닌 면도 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 구조 개선을 계기로 해서 농촌의 현실을 반영한 실효성 있는 농촌진흥에 기여할 수 있는 농촌지도사업으로 재출발한다는 의의를 살릴 수 있도록 농촌진흥청은 농업기술센터의 동태를 철저하게 살피고 이와 관련한 도농업기술원의 대응을 파악하여 이를 기초로 기능을 발휘하도록 만들어야 할 것이다. 국가에서 이관된 현지의 농촌지도 거점인 농업기술센터에 관하여 농촌지도소가 개칭되어 농업기술센터가 되었고 조직적인 면에서도 기술개발과가 설치되었다. 이는 현지에서의 기술 개발이 가능하게 된 점과 현지에서 원하는 과제를 신속하게 대응하여 도와 국가의 시험연구 과제로 삼을 수 있게 된 것은 시험 연구 사업에서 크게 평가받을 만한 발전이라 할 것이다. 그러나, 농촌지도 직원이 다른 행정 업무도 겸무하여 될 경우 영농 환경을 좋게 하는 직접적인 행정에 관한 업무에서는 겸무하므로서 농가도 편리해지고, 보급지도의 효과도 촉진되는 경우가 있으나 검사, 취체 업무는 반드시 피해야 할 일이다. 동일인이 이것을 담당하게 되면 농가에게 안심감을 잃어버리고 보급 효과는 기대할 수 없게 될 것이다. 한국의 농촌지도사업의 보급 내용은 농업자재의 절약, 첨단농업기술의 개발, 이를 기반으로 수출농업의 촉진과 생산성 향상, 시장에 강한 농업의 구축 등에 힘을 쏟고 있는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 이러한 농업의 추구는 약탈농업을 추구하는 등 지속적 농업이 되지 않을 가능성이 높아지게 된다. 앞으로 지속적인 농업에 관하여 보다 더 많은 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다. 선진농가들은 기술이나 경영 혁신을 위하여 연구 개발을 위한 정보의 수집과 연구회의 필요성을 크게 강조하고 있었다. 그러나 이러한 선진 농가 이외에 소규모의 농업소득이 낮은 농가도 있었다. 이러한 농가에게는 농업경영에 대한 방향 설정과 추진 방법에 대한 적절한 상담 상대가 없는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 농가들에 대한 시의적절한 정보의 전달, 자력으로 기술과 경영 방책을 만들어내는 힘을 길러주는 지도가 필요하다. 이를 위한 방책으로 그룹의 육성과 가입 촉진이 유효할 것이다. 따라서 한국에 있어서 농촌지도 방법은 크게 두 가지 대상을 의식하여 대 선진농가의 경우에 는 상담 기능, 대 소규모 농가의 청우에는 전달 ${\cdot}$ 교육 기능의 발휘에 있을 것이다. 상담 기능은 정보의 제공과 과도하지 않은 방책을 선택 할 수 있도록 지도 조언하는 것이, 전달 ${\cdot}$ 교육 기능은 과제해결 과정을 체득하게 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 인터넷의 활용 방법, e-메일에 의한 정보교환 시스템화 등의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 인원의 감소나 겸무화의 진행에 따라 이러한 업무의 수행이 쉬운 것은 아니라고 생각되고, 일 대 일의 지도는 어려울 것이나 집단 지도로는 가능한 측면도 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.49-168
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• 2010

Just before the Korean War, the total number of the North Korean troops was 198,380, while that of the ROK(Republic of Korea) army troops 105,752. That is, the total number of the ROK army troops at that time was 53.3% of the total number of the North Korean army. As of December 2008, the total number of the North Korean troops is estimated to be 1,190,000, while that of the ROK troops is 655,000, so the ROK army maintains 55.04% of the total number of the North Korean troops. If the ROK army continues to reduce its troops according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the total number of its troops will be 517,000 m 2020. If North Korea maintains the current status(l,190,000 troops), the number of the ROK troops will be 43.4% of the North Korean army. In terms of units, just before the Korean War, the number of the ROK army divisions and regiments was 80% and 44.8% of North Korean army. As of December 2008, North Korea maintains 86 divisions and 69 regiments. Compared to the North Korean army, the ROK army maintains 46 Divisions (53.4% of North Korean army) and 15 regiments (21.3% of North Korean army). If the ROK army continue to reduce the military units according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of ROK army divisions will be 28(13 Active Division, 4 Mobilization Divisions and 11 Local Reserve Divisions), while that of the North Korean army will be 86 in 2020. In that case, the number of divisions of the ROK army will be 32.5% of North Korean army. During the Korean war, North Korea suddenly invaded the Republic of Korea and occupied its capital 3 days after the war began. At that time, the ROK army maintained 80% of army divisions, compared to the North Korean army. The lesson to be learned from this is that, if the ROK army is forced to disperse its divisions because of the simultaneous invasion of North Korea and attack of guerrillas in home front areas, the Republic of Korea can be in a serious military danger, even though it maintains 80% of military divisions of North Korea. If the ROK army promotes the plans in [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of military units of the ROK army will be 32.5% of that of the North Korean army. This ratio is 2.4 times lower than that of the time when the Korean war began, and in this case, 90% of total military power should be placed in the DMZ area. If 90% of military power is placed in the DMZ area, few troops will be left for the defense of home front. In addition, if the ROK army continues to reduce the troops, it can allow North Korea to have asymmetrical superiority in military force and it will eventually exert negative influence on the stability and peace of the Korean peninsular. On the other hand, it should be reminded that, during the Korean War, the Republic of Korea was attacked by North Korea, though it kept 53.3% of troops, compared to North Korea. It should also be reminded that, as of 2008, the ROK army is defending its territory with the troops 55.04% of North Korea. Moreover, the national defense is assisted by 25,120 troops of the US Forces in Korea. In case the total number of the ROK troops falls below 43.4% of the North Korean army, it may cause social unrest about the national security and may lead North Korea's misjudgement. Besides, according to Lanchester strategy, the party with weaker military power (60% compared to the party with stronger military power) has the 4.1% of winning possibility. Therefore, if we consider the fact that the total number of the ROK army troops is 55.04% of that of the North Korean army, the winning possibility of the ROK army is not higher than 4.1%. If the total number of ROK troops is reduced to 43.4% of that of North Korea, the winning possibility will be lower and the military operations will be in critically difficult situation. [Military Reform Plan 2020] rums at the reduction of troops and units of the ground forces under the policy of 'select few'. However, the problem is that the financial support to achieve this goal is not secured. Therefore, the promotion of [Military Reform Plan 2020] may cause the weakening of military defence power in 2020. Some advanced countries such as Japan, UK, Germany, and France have promoted the policy of 'select few'. However, what is to be noted is that the national security situation of those countries is much different from that of Korea. With the collapse of the Soviet Unions and European communist countries, the military threat of those European advanced countries has almost disappeared. In addition, the threats those advanced countries are facing are not wars in national level, but terrorism in international level. To cope with the threats like terrorism, large scaled army trops would not be necessary. So those advanced European countries can promote the policy of 'select few'. In line with this, those European countries put their focuses on the development of military sections that deal with non-military operations and protection from unspecified enemies. That is, those countries are promoting the policy of 'select few', because they found that the policy is suitable for their national security environment. Moreover, since they are pursuing common interest under the European Union(EU) and they can form an allied force under NATO, it is natural that they are pursing the 'select few' policy. At present, NATO maintains the larger number of troops(2,446,000) than Russia(l,027,000) to prepare for the potential threat of Russia. The situation of japan is also much different from that of Korea. As a country composed of islands, its prime military focus is put on the maritime defense. Accordingly, the development of ground force is given secondary focus. The japanese government promotes the policy to develop technology-concentrated small size navy and air-forces, instead of maintaining large-scaled ground force. In addition, because of the 'Peace Constitution' that was enacted just after the end of World War II, japan cannot maintain troops more than 240,000. With the limited number of troops (240,000), japan has no choice but to promote the policy of 'select few'. However, the situation of Korea is much different from the situations of those countries. The Republic of Korea is facing the threat of the North Korean Army that aims at keeping a large-scale military force. In addition, the countries surrounding Korea are also super powers containing strong military forces. Therefore, to cope with the actual threat of present and unspecified threat of future, the importance of maintaining a carefully calculated large-scale military force cannot be denied. Furthermore, when considering the fact that Korea is in a peninsular, the Republic of Korea must take it into consideration the tradition of continental countries' to maintain large-scale military powers. Since the Korean War, the ROK army has developed the technology-force combined military system, maintaining proper number of troops and units and pursuing 'select few' policy at the same time. This has been promoted with the consideration of military situation in the Koran peninsular and the cooperation of ROK-US combined forces. This kind of unique military system that cannot be found in other countries can be said to be an insightful one for the preparation for the actual threat of North Korea and the conflicts between continental countries and maritime countries. In addition, this kind of technology-force combined military system has enabled us to keep peace in Korea. Therefore, it would be desirable to maintain this technology-force combined military system until the reunification of the Korean peninsular. Furthermore, it is to be pointed out that blindly following the 'select few' policy of advanced countries is not a good option, because it is ignoring the military strategic situation of the Korean peninsular. If the Republic of Korea pursues the reduction of troops and units radically without consideration of the threat of North Korea and surrounding countries, it could be a significant strategic mistake. In addition, the ROK army should keep an eye on the fact the European advanced countries and Japan that are not facing direct military threats are spending more defense expenditures than Korea. If the ROK army reduces military power without proper alternatives, it would exert a negative effect on the stable economic development of Korea and peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsular. Therefore, the desirable option would be to focus on the development of quality of forces, maintaining proper size and number of troops and units under the technology-force combined military system. The tableau above shows that the advanced countries like the UK, Germany, Italy, and Austria spend more defense expenditure per person than the Republic of Korea, although they do not face actual military threats, and that they keep achieving better economic progress than the countries that spend less defense expenditure. Therefore, it would be necessary to adopt the merits of the defense systems of those advanced countries. As we have examined, it would be desirable to maintain the current size and number of troops and units, to promote 'select few' policy with increased defense expenditure, and to strengthen the technology-force combined military system. On the basis of firm national security, the Republic of Korea can develop efficient policies for reunification and prosperity, and jump into the status of advanced countries. Therefore, the plans to reduce troops and units in [Military Reform Plan 2020] should be reexamined. If it is difficult for the ROK army to maintain its size of 655,000 troops because of low birth rate, the plans to establish the prompt mobilization force or to adopt drafting system should be considered for the maintenance of proper number of troops and units. From now on, the Republic of Korean government should develop plans to keep peace as well as to prepare unexpected changes in the Korean peninsular. For the achievement of these missions, some options can be considered. The first one is to maintain the same size of military troops and units as North Korea. The second one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea in terms of military force index. The third one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea, with the combination of the prompt mobilization force and the troops in active service under the system of technology-force combined military system. At present, it would be not possible for the ROK army to maintain such a large-size military force as North Korea (1,190,000 troops and 86 units). So it would be rational to maintain almost the same level of military force as North Korea with the combination of the troops on the active list and the prompt mobilization forces. In other words, with the combination of the troops in active service (60%) and the prompt mobilization force (40%), the ROK army should develop the strategies to harmonize technology and forces. The Korean government should also be prepared for the strategic flexibility of USFK, the possibility of American policy change about the location of foreign army, radical unexpected changes in North Korea, the emergence of potential threat, surrounding countries' demand for Korean force for the maintenance of regional stability, and demand for international cooperation against terrorism. For this, it is necessary to develop new approaches toward the proper number and size of troops and units. For instance, to prepare for radical unexpected political or military changes in North Korea, the Republic of Korea should have plans to protect a large number of refugees, to control arms and people, to maintain social security, and to keep orders in North Korea. From the experiences of other countries, it is estimated that 115,000 to 230,000 troops, plus ten thousands of police are required to stabilize the North Korean society, in the case radical unexpected military or political change happens in North Korea. In addition, if the Republic of Korea should perform the release of hostages, control of mass destruction weapons, and suppress the internal wars in North Korea, it should send 460,000 troops to North Korea. Moreover, if the Republic of Korea wants to stop the attack of North Korea and flow of refugees in DMZ area, at least 600,000 troops would be required. In sum, even if the ROK army maintains 600,000 troops, it may need additional 460,000 troops to prepare for unexpected radical changes in North Korea. For this, it is necessary to establish the prompt mobilization force whose size and number are almost the same as the troops in active service. In case the ROK army keeps 650,000 troops, the proper number of the prompt mobilization force would be 460,000 to 500,000.