• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2011

This study examined how caregiving experiences of spouses and adult children were different to each other in terms of caregiver characteristics, the impairment level of the elderly, caregiving time, caregiver burden, the effects of long-term care services, etc. Data were collected from 321 spouses and 324 adult children who cared for the functionally and/or cognitively impaired elderly using long-term care services. The main results are as follows. (1) Caregiver characteristics differed significantly between spouses and adult children. (2) Adult children cared for the more severely impaired elderly in terms of IADL, cognitive impairment, and behavior problems while spouses spent more time helping in ADL activities. (3) Spouse caregivers experienced greater overall burden, worry and strain, and financial burden compared to adult child caregivers. (4) Long-term care services were effective in reducing caregiver burden and improving family relations. Additionally, relations between adult child caregivers and the elderly was more improved than relations between spouse caregivers and the elderly after using long-term care services. Based on these findings, the differential experiences between spouse caregivers and adult child caregivers were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.629-640
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the scale to measure dementia patient's caregiver burden of Korea. In the first phase of the study, 15 caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed to provide narrative data from which items were developed. Initially 65 items were generated from the interview data of 15 caregivers. Content validity was judged by two separate panels of experts with 27 professionals and 30 family caregivers. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity and 33 items were selected which met .80 or more of the CVI. This preliminary FCBSD-K was tested with 207 adult caregivers for reliability and construct validity including item analysis and orthogonal(Varimax) factor analysis. Eight items were deleted because of high or low item-item correlation. The result of the second factor analysis produced six factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The six factors were labeled as 'physio social factor' 'emotional factor' 'family cultural factor' 'role obligation' 'guilt feeling' and 'financial & supportive system factor'. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .9264 for reliability. In conclusion, cultural factor is related to dementia patient's caregiver burden and FCBSD-K was useful in assessing the dementia patient's caregiver burden in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting family caregiver burden, and to identify the relationship between family caregiver burden and family function /self-care of psychiatric out-patient. These data were collected by questionnaire from September 20 to October 8, 1993. The subjects were 285 family caregiver of psychiatric out-patients. The instruments used in this study were Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI) by Novak(1989), self-care performing by Yu(1992), and Family APGAR by Smilkstein(1979). The data were analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS /pc+ program. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The means of family caregiver Burden revealed total 2.00, Time-Dependence Burden 78, developmental Burden 2.22, physical Burden 1.90, social Burden 1.43, emotional Burden 2.18, financial Burden 1.51. family caregiver burden score showed moderate level. time-dependence burden showed the highest score and social burden showed the lowest score. 2. The means of family function revealed total 5.67. 7 through high-21.4% (61), low through 3-38.6%(110). family function score showed moderate level. 3. The means of patient's self-care performance revealed total 137.71. self-care performance showed moderate level. 4. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and patient's demographic variables, age (F=3.83, p<.01), marrital status(F=3.50, p<.01), job(F=3.17, p<.01), diagnosis(F=4.46, p<.01), income (F=4.46, p<.01). No significant differences between family caregiver burden and prevalent period, religion, sex (p>.05). S. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and family's demographic variables, age (F=7.34, p<.01), sex(t=-2.63, p<.01), education level(F=7.61, p<.01), income (F=8.13, p<.01), relation with patient (F=6.92, p<.01), job(F=2.03, p<.05), medical service (F=3.89, p<.05), presence of chronically ill without patient(t=-2.01, p<.05) 6. Family function was the highest factor predicting family caregiver burden(R=.4168, $R^2=.1737$), low education level of family, patient's self-care, family income accounted for 36% in family caregiver burden.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2011

This paper is focused on the sustainability of public rental housing policy. We have analyzed the general fiscal conditions of central government, the public welfare fiscal conditions, the public expenditure on rental housing, and the Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) financial structure. Central government fiscal conditions is controlled by the midium-term fiscal operation plan(2010~2014) and fiscal rules. And the fiscal mandatory expenditures on welfare is increased rapidly by the expansion of beneficiaries, but the fiscal discretionary expenditures particularly on public rental housing can be gradually cut down. LH, the dominant agency responsible for affordable housing, is now confronted with financial distress accruing to excessive burden for public rental housing construction. As a result this paper, we find the discrepancy between the fiscal conditons and public rental housing policies. We suggest the fiscally sustainable rental housing policy. Firstly, the construction plan should be realized reflecting the market and fiscal conditions. Secondly, the provsion and financing system of rental housing should be rebuild within the government fiscal condtions and financial ability of LH.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.7-36
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• 2001

The current benefit expenditure of National Pension Scheme is comparatively small, as it stands in the early stage in reference to the historical development. On the other hand, the current contribution rate of National Pension is set up beyond which is sufficient to cover the current benefit expenditure. Therefore, National Pension makes big surplus every year such that the size of accumulated fund increases very fast. Nevertheless, the apprehension of financial instability of National Pension prevails these days. If so, is it really well-grounded? In terms of the method of financing. public pension schemes of most of all nations in the world are based on pay-as you go or partial funding. Under these financing methods, financial soundness fundamentally depends on the power that the government is able to impose the burden which is equivalent to benefit expenditure and the attitude of the public which represents whether they will admit it or not. Under this perspective, the judgement of financial soundness of public pension can not be made arithmetically and technically only on the basis of the balance between receipts and expenditure but should be accomplished considering the very complex and diverse aspects. In these context, this paper defines what the financial soundness of public pension means specifically and presents the objective indices which help judge it, that is, implicit debt, cost rate, summarized cost rate, pension expenditure as percentage of GDP, and fund rate. Then, applying the indices, this paper analyzes the long-term financial situation of National Pension empirically and evaluates its financial soundness in exploratory perspective.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 1999

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the extracurricular lesson expenses on the Burden of Household Expenditure. The data are collected from 537 housewives with a child aged 18(2nd grade in high school) in Seoul. The statistics used for the data analysis are frequency, percentage, crosstables, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression. The statistic softwear used for this study is SPSS. The Result on a base of empirical analyses follow: 1. Respondentg’s expenditure on extracurricular lesson fees is about 430,000 won per month, which is about 28% of the living cost. 2. There are four types of the methods preparing extracurricular lesson fees: ‘Frugal Type’, ‘Excess Type’, ‘Composit Type’, ‘Self-supportable Type’. 3. Region, the living cost, sex of children, net worth, and the mother’s education show statistically significant effect on the extracutticular lesson expenses. 4. The regression analyses incicate that Burden of Household Expenditure increased by 1.9 point according to 1% increase in expenditure on extracurridular lesson fees. The higher budget share of expenditure on extracurricular fees, the higher level of Burden of Household Expenditure.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

Lately, rapid increase of household debt and economic change has affected cash flow of household, insolvent risk has increased by high repayment burden of the principal and interest. Previous researches was progressing various discussion, composed objective repayment burden index about household debt. But it was relatively insufficient about perception of consumer. This research compare and analysis determinants of subjective repayment burden in household debt by income quintile, using 2016 Household Financial Welfare Survey. The research result is follows. The income 1 and 2 quartile groups have the higher monthly rent and credit card loan and the housing preparation loan ratio, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest. The Income 3 and 4 quartile groups have the higher 60s or older and member of household and real estate mortgage loan, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest. The Income 5 quartile group has the higher loan ratio for debt repayment preparation, the higher burden on repayment of the principal and interest.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.106-130
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• 2000

When parents as primary care takers to the mentally disabled adult are no longer taking care of their care-needed offsprings because of their own death or illness, instead themselves. who take care of their offsprings with the mental disability? Therefore, 'permanency planning' is very important for reduction of parents' care burden and social integration of mentally disabled adults. Accordingly, this study aims to find out factors which are related to permanency planning for adults with the mentally disability For the purpose of the study, 192 parents of the adult with the mental illness and mental retardation were conducted a survey regarding type of permanency planning, and its related factors including social functioning level of the mentally disabled, care burden, parents' self-perception of being aged, help from offspring without mental disability, social support, and financial ability. Furthermore, this study examined correlation between these factors and residential planning. Results obtained by the study were as follows: 1) 51% of the parents are having a plan for institution and most parents want other family member to take care for financial planning for their mentally disabled offsprings. 2) As a result of multiple regression for finding out factors which affect parents' permanency planning, social functioning level of the mentally disabled, parents' self-perception of being aged, help from offspring without mental disability, social support, and financial ability were statistically significant influenced factors, which has 23.3% of explanatory power. 3) As a result of step-wise multiple regression, financial ability, parents' self-perception of being aged, and help from offspring without mental disability were the most powerful influenced factors for permanency planning. 4) In case of having a plan for residential types-which are institution and community living-, parents who have a plan for the mentally disabled offsprings' future residence as community living than institution have the offsprings with more social functioning and also have more help from offspring without mental disability. Therefore, this study concluded that welfare policy for mental health and the handicapped which secure various types of community living facilities and income security is strongly needed. At the same time, mental health profession is needed to have more active interest and intervention for permanency planning for their adult clients and parents.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the factors contributing to the barrier of dental treatment for special needs patients perceived by the main caregivers of the patients. A questionnaire was developed with three parts: patient-related factors, caregiver-related factors, and factors for treatment barriers. Patient- and caregiver-related factors were analyzed for correlations with the barrier factors. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used at the level of 0.05. A total of 52 caregivers (mean age [SD]=50.2 [11.5] years) for the patients with intellectual and cognitive disabilities (mean age [SD]=38.9 [21.3]) responded to the questionnaires. Oral hygiene status, need for assistance in tooth brushing, and cooperation for tooth brushing were correlated with the level of treatment cooperation of the patients (p<0.05). The above three factors were also correlated with the treatment barrier despite patients presenting oral symptoms (p<0.05). Two thirds of the caregivers felt the treatment cost as severe or a considerable financial burden. For patients, insurance types and need for assistance in tooth brushing, and for caregivers, education levels and financial status were significant factors contributing to financial burden (p<0.05). There were background factors of the patients and their caregivers associated with access to dental treatment for special needs patients. Deficient cooperative skills and financial burdens were the main obstacles to treatment access. Tooth brushing skills and oral hygiene status can be proxy measures to cooperative ability for dental treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1621-1625
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• 2015

Background: Financial distress due to the cost of cancer treatments is prevalent among cancer patients. Identifying the level of financial distress and its affecting factors has an important role in providing supportive services. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to determine these parameters among Iranian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was undertaken among 262 cancer patients admitted to both private and public hospitals in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The financial distress/financial well being scale was used to determine financial distress. The data were analyzed using SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression). Results: Among the 262 cancer patients, 57.3% were male and their mean age was 47.0 years. The mean score for financial distress was 4.12 (2.01). The final regression model demonstrated that the independent variables (predictors) of income less than living expenses, income equal to living expenses, having an employed spouse in governmental job and living with parents, with regression coefficients of -1.029, -0.515, 0.198, and 0.096, respectively, were predictors of financial distress among cancer patients. These variables accounted for 50% of changes in variance of financial distress. Conclusions: Iranian cancer patients have moderate to high levels of financial distress. Considering policies for managing direct and indirect costs of cancer treatments must be followed.