• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.344-350
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• 2023

Background: 4-carvomenthenol[4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol] is a main component of Origanum vulgare L., Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC., and other plants. It has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a toxicity test on 4-carvomenthenol to ensure its safety. Methods: This study included 5-week-old Institute of Cancer Research mice that were categorized into 3 treatment groups (12, 25, and 50 mg/kg 4-carvomenthenol dose levels) and a control group (10% dimethyl sulfoxide, 40% polyethylene glycol 300, 5% Tween 80, and 45% normal saline injection of the final volume), with 5 male mice and 5 female mice per group. All groups were observed for clinical symptoms and body weight in a period of 14 days and were subjected to gross necropsy after euthanasia. Results: No deaths were recorded. No test substance-related clinical signs in the female mice of the 12 mg/kg dose group were observed. Abnormal gait was observed in 1 male from day 1 to day 3 in the 12 mg/kg dose group; 1-3 males from day 1 to day 7 and 1-5 females from day 1 to day 15 in the 25 mg/kg dose group; and 2-5 males and 2-5 females from day 1 to day 15 in the 50 mg/kg dose group. No test substance-related effect on the body weight and necropsy findings was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the lethal dose of 4-carvomenthenol could be greater than 50 mg/kg. However, further research is needed, especially repeated-dose toxicity studies, to confirm the efficacy and safety of 4-carvomenthenol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of body weight growth adjustment methods on genetic parameters of body growth and tissue among three pig breeds. Data collected on 101,820 Landrace, 281,411 Yorkshire, and 78,068 Duroc pigs, born in Korean swine breeder farms since 2000, were analyzed. Records included body weights on test day and amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound carcass measures of backfat thickness (BF), eye muscle area (EMA), and retail cut percentage (RCP). Days to 90 kg body weight (DAYS90), through an adjustment of the age based on the body weight at the test day, were obtained. Ultrasound measures were also pre-adjusted (ABF, EMA, AEMA, ARCP) based on their test day measures. The (co)variance components were obtained with 3 multi-trait animal models using the REMLF90 software package. Model I included DAYS90 and ultrasound traits, whereas model II and III accounted DAYS90 and pre-adjusted ultrasound traits. Fixed factors were sex (sex) and contemporary groups (herd-year-month of birth) for all traits among the models. Additionally, model I and II considered a linear covariate of final weight on the ultrasound measure traits. Heritability ($h^2$) estimates for DAYS90, BF, EMA, and RCP ranged from 0.36 to 0.42, 0.34 to 0.43, 0.20 to 0.22, and 0.39 to 0.45, respectively, among the models. The $h^2$ estimates of DAYS90 from model II and III were also somewhat similar. The $h^2$ for ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were 0.35 to 0.44, 0.20 to 0.25, and 0.41 to 0.46, respectively. Our heritability estimates varied mostly among the breeds. The genetic correlations ($r_G$) were moderately negative between DAYS90 and BF (-0.29 to -0.38), and between DAYS90 and EMA (-0.16 to -0.26). BF had strong $r_G$ with RCP (-0.87 to -0.93). Moderately positive $r_G$ existed between DAYS90 and RCP (0.20 to 0.28) and between EMA and RCP (0.35 to 0.44) among the breeds. For DAYS90, model II and III, its correlations with ABF, AEMA, and ARCP were mostly low or negligible except the $r_G$ between DAYS90 and AEMA from model III (0.27 to 0.30). The $r_G$ between AEMA and ABF and between AEMA and ARCP were moderate but with negative and positive signs, respectively; also reflected influence of pre-adjustments. However, the $r_G$ between BF and RCP remained non-influential to trait pre-adjustments or covariable fits. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasound measures taken at a body weight of about 90 kg as the test final should be adjusted for body weight growth. Our adjustment formulas, particularly those for BF and EMA, should be revised further to accommodate the added variation due to different performance testing endpoints with regard to differential growth in body composition.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 1992

해바라기의 타감작용(他感作用)(Allelopathy) 및 천연제초제(天然除草劑)로서의 개발가능성(開發可能性)에 관한 시험(試驗)을 1988-1991년(年)에 걸쳐 국제미작연구소(國際米作硏究所)(IRRI) : 농학(農學), 생화학부(生化學部) 및 국립(國立)필리핀 대학교(大學校) 화학과(化學科)(천연물(天然物) 연구실(硏究室))에서 수행(遂行)하여 얻은 결과중(結果中) 해바라기의 생육중(生育中) 뿌리에서 분비(分泌)되는 타감작용(他感作用) 및 자가억제작용(自家抑制作用)에 관(關)한 연구결과(硏究結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 해바라기의 근분비물질(根分泌物質)은 대조구(對照區)에 비해 전체적인 발아율(發芽率)에는 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)가 인정되지 않았지만 발아시(發芽始)등에는 다소 큰 영향(影響)을 미쳤음. 2. 생물검정재료(生物檢定材料)의 지상부(地上部), 지하부(地下部) 생장(生長) 및 전체 생체중(生體重)에는 유의적인 감소(減少)가 있었음. 3. XAD-4 Resin올 부착한 시험(試驗) 3에서 해바라기는 대조구(對照區)에 비해 전반적인 생장량(生長量)이 많은 것으로 보아 자가억제작용(自家抑制作用)이 인정되었으며 이는 Resin에 의한 타감물질(他感物質)(Allelochemicals)의 판착효과(坂着效果)로 추정(推定)된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

준설 매립 부지의 최종 계획고를 얻기 위한 초기 준설 매립량과 매립두께를 결정하고 자중압밀에 소요되는 시간을 예측하기 위해 인천지역 항로 준설 시료에 대한 자중압밀시험과 공학적 특성을 분석하였다. 준설투기된 시료의 시간경과에 따른 함수비, 간극비 및 체적변화비에 관한 인자를 Yano의 경험식을 이용하여 평가하였다. 세립분 함유율이 낮은 경우 침강압밀계수의 변화폭이 작게 나타났으며, 세립분 함유율 50%에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 자중압밀에 따른 체적변화비를 이용하여 준설매립공사에 제시된 입도별 유보율의 포괄적인 측면을 보완할 수 있는 세립분 함유율에 따른 유보율을 산정하여 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

Covariance components and genetic parameters of weekly live body weight from hatching to six weeks of age and age of sexual maturation were estimated in a laying type Japanese quail line. The univariate and bivariate animal model analysis included hatching group and sex as fixed effects. Each trait was analysed with animal as random effect to fit the additive direct effect. Additional random effects incorporated in the models were changed according to the trait examined. The best model for a trait was chosen based on a likelihood ratio test, comparing the models with and without maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Heritability estimates of live-weight at hatch and one to six weeks of age with their standard errors were 0.22${\pm}$0.088, 0.39${\pm}$0.099, 0.31${\pm}$0.086, 0.38${\pm}$0.056, 0.46${\pm}$0.055, 0.50${\pm}$0.059, and 0.56${\pm}$0.062, respectively. Direct heritability value of age of sexual maturation was moderate (0.24${\pm}$0.055). The variances due to permanent environmental effect of dam after one week of age and maternal genetic effect after two weeks of age were not important sources of variation. The correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and ranged from high to moderate values (-0.21 to -0.83). Among the weekly live weights, genetic correlations were generally high between not only successive but also early and late weightings. It suggests that selection for final weight may be based on early weight records. Genetic correlations between age of sexual maturation and live weights were low, favourable but had high standard errors. These results indicate that selection for high weight will potentially result in lower age of sexual maturation only with accurate determination of breeding values.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2008

Diospyros peregrina Gurke. (Ebenaceae) is a small middle sized tree grows luxuriantly in the plains of costal West Bengal, India. The objective of the study was to explore the antidiabetic activity of methanol extract of matured fruits of Diospyros peregrina to substantiate the folklore claim of traditional practitioners. It was also aimed to establish correlation with reduction of oxidative state associated with diabetes. Methanol extract of matured fruits of Diospyros peregrina was administered orally at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight for 12 consecutive days to normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose level was estimated in both normal and diabetic rats while serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen level and pancreatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated for diabetic rats. Initial and final changes in body weight were also recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed during the course of study. Experimental findings showed significant antidiabetic potential of extract in term of reduction of fasting blood glucose level of both normal and diabetic rats. It was found that extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight is more effective and percentage reduction (55.64) of elevated blood glucose level is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide (60.60) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Observed data found statistically significant in reduction of serum lipid and pancreatic TBARS levels whilst improvement was observed in liver glycogen level and body weight profiles in extract treated diabetic rats.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2016

Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) has a great role in order to utilize idle spectrum opportunistically, since it is responsible for making available dynamic spectrum access efficiently. In this research area, collaboration among multiple cognitive radio users has been proposed for the betterment of detection reliability. Even though cooperation among them improves the spectrum sensing performance, some falsely reporting malicious users may degrade the performance rigorously. In this article, we have studied the detection and nullifying the harmful effects of such malicious users by applying some well known outlier detection methods based on Grubb's test, Boxplot method and Dixon's test in cooperative spectrum sensing. Initially, the performance of each technique is compared and found that Boxplot method outperforms both Grubb's and Dixon's test for the case where multiple malicious users are present. Secondly, a new algorithm based on reputation and weight is developed to identify malicious users and cancel out their negative impact in final decision making. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively identifies the malicious users and suppress their harmful effects at the fusion center to decide whether the spectrum is idle.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

연약지반의 특성에 부합하는 이론을 이용하여 침하량을 합리적으로 예측하는 것은 건설방재적 관점에서도 대단히 중요하다. 특히, 준설매립지반과 같은 초연약지반의 압밀거동 모사를 위해서는 비선형 유한변형 압밀이론을 적용할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천 송도지역 준설토의 침강 및 압밀특성을 파악하기 위하여 침강압밀시험, 자중압밀시험 및 CRS 압밀시험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 PSDDF를 이용한 수치해석의 입력치로 사용하여 준설매립지반의 거동을 해석하였다. 본 지역의 준설토는 통일 분류법에 의해 저압축성 실트(ML)로 분류되었으며, Yano법 및 수치해석을 통하여 얻어진 최종 체적변화비는 각각 1.56, 1.17로 나타났다. 이러한 결과의 차이는 계면고가 상대적으로 높고 투수성이 큰 해당 구간 준설매립토의 토질 특성에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

Background: The quality differences in seedlings of medicinal herbs often affect the quality of medicinal parts. The establishment of the grading standard of Panax notoginseng seedlings is significant for the stable quality of medicinal parts of P. notoginseng. Methods: To establish the grading standard of P. notoginseng seedlings, a total of 36,000 P. notoginseng seedlings were collected from 30 producing areas, of which the fresh weight, root length, root diameter, bud length, bud diameter, and rootlet number were measured. The K-means clustering method was applied to grade seedlings and establish the grading standard. Results: The fresh weight and rootlet number of P. notoginseng seedlings were determined as the final indices of grading. P. notoginseng seedlings from different regions of Yunnan could be preliminarily classified into four grades: the special grade, the premium grade, the standard grade, and culled seedlings. Conclusion: The grading standard was proven to be reasonable according to the agronomic characters, emergence rate, and photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings after transplantation, and the yields and contents of active constituents of the medicinal parts from different grades of seedlings.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유리섬유/폴리프로필렌 기반의 열가소성 복합재의 열성형 시험 평가를 위해, 성형온도에서의 인장 및 면내 전단 물성 시험을 실시하였고, 이를 비직교 구성방정식을 이용하여 정량화 하였다. 이를 통해 실험값과 잘 일치하는 고온에서의 인장 및 전단 물성값을 수식화하여 얻을 수 있었다. 열성형 시험을 위해 반구돔 시험을 실시하였고, 이형제 사용 유무 및 홀더의 무게를 달리해가며 성형품의 최종형상을 비교하였다. 그 결과 이형제를 사용하면 성형품의 대칭성이 확보되고 주름 개선 효과에 유리하다는 것을 확인하였고, 적당한 힘의 홀딩력 제어가 필수적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 더 나아가 비직교 구성방정식이 고려된 열성형 수치해석을 실시하여 실험 결과와 유사한 양상을 확인할 수 있었고, 홀딩력이 낮을 수록 주름이 많아지고, 마찰력이 클수록 더 많은 펀치력을 필요로 함을 확인하였다.