• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2018

Background: Bone fractures are high in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia and chronic kidney disease may increase the risk of fracture prevalence via altered bone metabolism, but whether glycemic control and kidney function are associated with the risk of fracture prevalence remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between glycemic control and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and risk of fracture prevalence in older and middle-aged patients with T2DM. Methods: Patients who underwent a general medical check-up between 2009 and 2013 were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Sharing Service records. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between glycemic control and eGFR and risk of fracture prevalence. Results: Cumulative fracture prevalence were higher in patients with T2DM, irrespective of whether they had tight or less stringent glycemic control (fasting blood glucose [FBG] ${\geq}110mg/dL$). After adjustment for baseline age and FBG, tight and less stringent glycemic control was significantly associated with increased adjusted risk of fracture prevalence in middle-aged patients with T2DM (OR=1.13, 95% CI, 1.05-1.21, p=0.0005 vs OR=1.13, 95% CI, 1.06-1.20, p=0.0001), but not in older patients. Baseline eGFR was not significantly related to fracture prevalence in either older or middle-aged patients. Conclusion: Less stringent glycemic control significantly increased the adjusted risk of fracture prevalence in middle-aged patients with T2DM. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of tight glycemic control on fracture prevalence.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2015

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) can cause serious adverse effects. To reduce the occurrence of CIN related computed tomography (CT) in emergency patients, we assessed the respective roles of serum creatinine (SCr) alone and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an early predictor for CIN related CT. Methods: For patients with SCr <1.5 mg/dL who underwent CT in emergency department (ED) between September 2012 and October 2013, we assessed the prevalence of CIN and its adverse effects. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula was used for the calculation of eGFR. Practical calculation was performed by electronic medical record (EMR) system for MDRD and internet calculating service for CG. And we investigated the prevalence of CIN in eGFR $<60mL/min/1.73m^2$ before CT. Results: A total of 1,555 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of CIN after CT was 4.6% and it showed correlation with renal deterioration, increased in-hospital mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. Despite baseline SCr <1.5 mg/dL, among enrolled patients, 11.3% as MDRD equation and 29.5% as CG formula were $<60mL/min/1.73m^2$ and in this condition, the prevalence of CIN was significantly high (odds ratio was 2.87 [1.64-5.02] as MDRD equation and 2.03 [1.26-3.29] as CG formula). Conclusion: Just SCr <1.5mg/dL was not appropriate to recognize preexisting renal insufficiency, but eGFR using MDRD equation was useful in predicting the risk of CIN related CT in ED. Using EMR, calculation of eGFR can be easier and more convenient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2015

Background: The number of cancer survivors is increasing globally and recently, higher rates of comorbidities in cancer survivors have been reported. However, no studies have investigated whether cancer survivors have a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accordingly, our study evaluated the association between cancer survivors and the risk of CKD using the 2010-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Materials and Methods: A total of 11,407 participants aged 40 years and over were categorized into two groups according to cancer experience. Multiple variables were compared and the odds ratios (ORs) for CKD prevalence were calculated using a weighted logistic regression analysis between the two groups. Results: Cancer survivors were older than were those in the non-cancer group, on average, the percentages of glomerular filtration rate(GFR) lower than $60mL/min/1.73m^2$, proteinuria, and CKD were significantly higher in cancer survivors when compared to controls. Weighted logistic regression analyses demonstrated that cancer survivors had a higher risk for CKD after adjusting for multiple variables (OR (95% confidence interval), 2.88 (1.48-5.59)). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a possible association between CKD and cancer survival in Korean adults. Identifying and correcting risk factors for cancer survivors would positively affect prevention of CKD and result in a better cancer prognosis.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2000

본 연구는 수질계의 용존 유기 탄소화합물의 주성분인 부식산을 화학적 산화방법 중 오존처리를 사용하여 $UV_{254}$ 흡광도, TOC, $^{13}C-NMR$, 한외여과법 등을 이용하여 오존 처리후의 특성 변화를 조사하였으며, 오존 산화물의 GC/MS 분석을 통하여 포름알데히드, 아세트알테히드, 아세톤, 글리옥살 및 메틸글리옥살 등의 생성을 확인하였다. $UV_{254}$ 흡광도와 TOC의 측정결과 부식산 농도 20, 100ppm 모두 오존처리시간 20분 이내에서 80%의 색도 감소율과 30분 이내에서 40-50%의 TOC 제거율을 나타냈고, 그 이후의 처리시간에서는 일정한 색도 감소율 및 제거율을 나타냈다. $^{13}C-NMR$, 한외여과법을 통한 실험결과, 오존처리에 의해 고분자량의 부식산이 산화, 분해됨으로서 알데히드, 카르복실산 등이 풍부한 저분자량의 단위체로 나뉘어지며 생물학적 분해가 용이한 지방족 탄소가 풍부한 구조로 전환됨를 확인하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate what protein(s) of porcine epididymal fluid (pEF) are able to enhance the nuclear maturation of porcine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in vitro. Proteins of pEF were fractionated by affinity, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. Porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes (COC) from follicles were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM 199) containing various fractions obtained by chromatography. Porcine COCs were also cultured in TCM 199 containing various meiosis inhibitors and pEF. After 24 or 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. When porcine COCs were cultured in the medium with meiosis inhibitor such as, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and forskolin (Fo), more than 80% of oocytes were unable to resume meiosis. However, porcine COCs supplemented with pEF were able to overcome the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP and Fo. Maturation rate of oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the media supplemented with cationic protein(s) during in vitro maturation than in those with anionic protein(s) (44.1% vs 20.0%). When oocytes were cultured in the TCM 199 with fractions obtained by gel filtration, the maturation rate of oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in fraction 11 containing 18 kDa than other fractions. The present study suggests that 1) dbcAMP and Fo prevent the spontaneous maturation of oocyte after isolation from follicles, and that pEF contain a substance(s) that improves meiosis resumption in vitro of porcine COCs, 2) cationic 18 kDa protein(s) are responsible for promotion of Mil stage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2005

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Plantaginis Semen herbal acupuncture(PSA) has a protective effect on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods : Rats were dehydrated for 24hr and then injected with 4 ml/kg of 50% glycerol in each hindlimb muscle. In experiments for PSA effect, rats were received 0.1 ml of PSA extraction in both sides of corresponding $Sh\grave{e}nsh\bar{u}(BL_{23})$ of human body for 3 days after injection of glycerol. The experimental group were divided into the normal group, the control group, the sample 1,2,3 group. Results : Glycerol injection decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased urine volume, serum creatinine, BUN level and fractional excretion of $Na^+,\;K^+\;and\;Cl^-$. These results show that glycerol injection bring about acute renal failure. PSA significantly increased glomerular filtration rate and significantly decreased serum creatinine, BUN level and fractional excretion of $Na^+,\;and\;Cl^-$ as compared with control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that PSA can be used in prevention and treatment for acute renal failure. However, the precise mechanisms of PSA protection remain to be determined.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

Recently EC-MBR (Elctrocoagulation - Membrane Bio Reactor) has been suggested as one of alternative processes to overcome membrane fouling problems. Most important operational parameters in the EC-MBR are known to current density and contact time. Their effect on membrane filtration performances has been reported well, however, quantitative interrelationship between both parameters not been investigated yet. The purpose of this study is to give a kinetic model suggesting the current density and the contact time required to reduce the membrane fouling. The 4 different set of current densities (2.5, 6, 12 and $24A/m^2$) and contact times (0, 2, 6 and 12 hr) were selected as operational parameters. After each electro-coagulation under the 16 different conditions, a series of membrane filtration was carried out. The membrane fouling decreased as the current density and contact time increased, Total fouling resistances under different conditions, $R_t(=R_c+R_f)$ were calculated and compared to those of the controls ($R_0$), which were calculated from the data of experiments without electro-coagulation. A kinetic approach for the fouling reduction rate ($R_t/R_0$) was carried out and the equation ${\rho}^{0.46}_it=7.0$ was obtained, which means that the product of current density and the contact time needed to reduce the fouling in certain amounts (in this study, 10% of fouling reduction) is always constant.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2015

강도가 강하고 내약품성, 무독성, 내연소성 등의 장점을 가지고 있는 PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) 나노섬유로 기공이 각각 0.3, $0.4{\mu}m$ 평막을 제조한 후, 그 평막으로 나권형 모듈을 각각 제작하였다. 그중 $0.3{\mu}m$ 모듈은 제조 시 부직포를 포함하지 않았고, 기공이 $0.4{\mu}m$ 모듈은 제조 시 부직포를 포함하였다. 카올린과 휴믹산으로 조제한 모사용액과 순수를 대상으로 두 모듈의 투과선속와 제거율을 비교하였고, 물 역세척을 실시한 후 회복률과 여과저항을 계산하였다. 또한, 기공이 $0.4{\mu}m$인 나권형 모듈을 사용하여 유량과 막간압력차가 처리율과 여과저항에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2001

바지락의 용존산소 농도에 따른 SFG (Scope for growth)의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수온 $23\pm0.5^{\circ}C$와 일반해수에서 반수치사농도, 여수율, 호흡률, 암모니아 질소배설률 및 동화효율 등을 측정하였다. 바지락의 용존산소 농도의 감소에 따른 $LC_{50}$은 2.4mgDO$L^{-1}$였다. 여수율과 호흡률은 실험용액의 용존산소의 감소에 따라 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면, 암모니아 질소 배설률은 용존산소의 감소에 따라 증가하였다. 동화효율은 6.5mgDO $L^{-1}$에서는 $68.2\%$였으며, 3.5 mgDO $L^{-1}$ 이하의 농도에서는$29.8\~39.3\%$로 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 용존산소의 농도에 따른 SFG는 2.5mgDO $L^{-1}$ 이상에서는 양의 값을 나타내어 생존 및 성장이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study was carried out to determine if Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Glycyrrhizae Radix was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm: spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs: carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Methods : Antioxidative effect of 3% concentration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract was measured. Rabbits were treated with Glycyrrhizae Radix extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and the changes of urine volume, serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), fractional Na+ excretion$(FE\;Na^+)\;and\;K^+\;excretion(FE\;K^+)$ in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure were measured. Results : Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of serum creatinine level, which was accompanied by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate(GFR). The fractional excretion of $Na^+\;and\;K^+$ increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Glycyrrhizae Radix extract treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Glycyrrhizae Radix extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion, and its effect may be attributed to an antioxidant action.