• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2003

This study presents the comparative filtration performance evaluation of automotive fuel filters based on the theory of Beta ratio. For the experiments, the fuel component's test stand incorporating the multi-pass filtration test circuit was developed. A mathematical description of filtration process in general was derived. And the theoretical basis of multi-pass test and the test procedure were described in detail. Experimental results revealed that domestic fuel filter tested could not maintain consistent Beta ratio, that is filtration efficiency, although it had the holding capacity of contaminants close to the specification at maximum pressure drop across the filter assembly. The results of experiments and simulations also showed that filtration system model could be refined including desorption ratio to estimate the variable Beta ratio in service life.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2002

Filtration performance of an automotive fuel filter was evaluated based on the theory of Beta ratio. This study also introduced the fuel components' contamination performance test stand incorporating the multi-pass filtration test circuit. The theoretical basis of multi-pass test and test procedure were described in detail. The specification of commercial fuel filter currently available was just the maximum pressure drop across the filter assembly and the holding capacity of contaminants. However, test results revealed that the fuel filter tested could not maintain consistent Beta ratio, that is filtration efficiency, although it had the holding capacity close to the specification. Hence the Beta ratio should be specified in service life. The results also showed that filtration system model should be refined including desorption ratio to estimate the variable Beta ratio in the test.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2003

This study describes the mathematical equation of drawdown test model and introduces the experimental test apparatus and procedure to estimate the desorption rate ratio of a filter. The characteristics of a hydraulic filtration system of drawdown test were demonstrated by numerical simulation for various properties of filters and operation conditions. Experiments for three kinds of fuel filters were conducted according to the proposed test method. And the test results of desorption rate ratio were compared with those values anticipated in precedent multipass filtration tests. Experimental results revealed the validation of drawdown test method proposed in this study. Domestic fuel filter yielded high desorption rate ratio comparing with other foreign products, which means that the Beta ratio decreases a lot during the test. The results also showed that filtration system model could be developed including desorption rate ratio to estimate the variable Beta ratio in service life.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.254-269
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• 2004

Polysilicato-iron coagulant (PSI) is receiving attention in Japan as a substitute for aluminum-based coagulants. In the first part of this article, coagulation, sedimentation and filtration experiments were carried out using kaolin clay particles as the turbidizing material and four types of PSI with various molar ratios of polysilicic acid to ferric chloride (Si/Fe ratio). Results demonstrate that use of a PSI with a high Si/Fe ratio can cause a more dramatic decrease in treated water turbidity but a higher suction time ratio (STR) than when PACl is used. However, optimization by increasing the rapid agitation strength GR is found to greatly improve the STR. In addition, the series of filtration experiments verified that optimization of GR is greatly effective in controlling rapid increases in filter head loss, and also formation of a thin aging layer in the upper part of the filter bed by slow-start filtration is effective in improving filtered water turbidity over the entire filtration process. The second part of this article describes two innovative filtration techniques to increase the particle separation efficiency; (1) coagulant-coated filter medium by enhancing the electrical potential of the surface of the filter medium, and (2) coagulant dosing in influent by controlling the electrical potential of particles entering the filter layer. From the results of the various filtration experiments using a pilot plant, these two techniques were found to be very effective to reduce the effluent water turbidity from the start to the end of a filter run. Moreover, in the filtration experiments using these two methods simultaneously, higher removal efficiency of approximately 3-log (99.7%) was realized, resulting that the finished water turbidity was accordingly reduced to 0.004mg/L.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권5호
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• pp.571-583
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• 2020

Permeation grouting is of great significance for consolidating geo-materials without disturbing the original geo-structure. To dip into the filtration-induced pressure increment that dominates the grout penetration in permeation grouting, nonlinear filtration coefficients embedded in a convection-filtration model were proposed, in which the volume of cement particles in grout and the deposited particles of skeleton were considered. An experiment was designed to determine the filtration coefficients and verify the model. The filtration coefficients deduced from experimental data were used in simulation, and the modelling results matched well with the experimental ones. The pressure drop revealed in experiments and captured in modelling demonstrated that the surge of inflow pressure lagged behind the stoppage of flow channels. In addition, both the consideration of the particles loss in liquid grout and the number of filtrated particles on pore walls presented an ideal trend in filtration rate, in which the filtration rate first rose rapidly and then reached to a steady plateau. Finally, this observed pressure drop was extended to the grouting design which alters the water to cement (W/C) ratio so as to alleviate the filtration effect. This study offers a novel insight into the filtration behaviour and has a practical meaning to extend penetration distance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1135-1146
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• 2017

At riverbank filtration sites, groundwater levels of alluvial aquifers near rivers are sensitive to variation in river discharge and pumping quantities. In this study, the groundwater level fluctuation, pumping quantity, and streamflow rate at the site of a riverbank filtration plant, which produces drinking water, in the lower Nakdong River basin, South Korea were interrelated. The relationship between drawdown ratio and river discharge was very strong with a correlation coefficient of 0.96, showing a greater drawdown ratio in the wet season than in the dry season. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation were carried out to characterize groundwater level fluctuation. Autoregressive model analysis of groundwater water level fluctuation led to efficient estimation and prediction of pumping for riverbank filtration in relation to river discharge rates, using simple inputs of river discharge and pumping data, without the need for numerical models that require data regarding several aquifer properties and hydrologic parameters.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2020

염기성 폴리올 및 식용유 정제에 사용하는 합성 규산마그네슘의 효율성은 정제능력과 여과속도를 통해 평가되며, 규산마그네슘의 입도 및 표면적에 따라 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 합성변수인 반응온도, 주입속도, 주입순서(Si, Mg), Mg/Si의 반응몰비가 규산마그네슘의 입도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합성된 규산마그네슘은 합성공정, 분쇄공정, 정제공정으로 비교 분석되었다. 합성공정에서 반응 온도와 주입 속도는 규산마그네슘의 평균입도 변화에 영향을 주지않는 반면, Mg/Si의 반응몰비와 주입 순서는 평균입도 변화에 주된 요인으로 작용하였다. 합성 후 규산마그네슘의 평균입도는 반응몰비가 0.125에서 0.500로 증가할 때 Mg 주입 시 약 54.4 ㎛에서 63.1 ㎛로 약 8.7 ㎛ 증가하였고, Si 주입 시 47.3 ㎛에서 52.1 ㎛로 약 4.8 ㎛ 증가하였다. 주입 순서 별 평균입도를 비교해보면 Mg 주입 시 59.1 ㎛, Si 주입 시 48.4 ㎛로 약 10.7 ㎛의 평균입도 차이를 보였으며 Mg을 주입하는 조건에서 약 2배 빠른 수세여과속도가 관찰되었다. 즉, 입도가 증가함에 따라 여과 시간이 단축되고 수세여과속도 증가로 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있었다. 여과 후 분리된 cake형태의 규산마그네슘은 건조과정을 통해 단단한 고형체가 되고 분쇄공정을 통해 분말형태의 흡착제로 사용된다. 건조된 규산마그네슘의 물리적 강도가 감소함에 따라 분말의 평균입도가 감소하고, 이 강도는 반응몰비에 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. Mg주입 시 Mg/Si의 반응몰비가 증가함에 따라 규산마그네슘의 물리적 강도가 감소하여 분쇄 후 평균입도가 합성 후 평균입도에 비해 약 40% 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 강도감소는 평균입도 감소와 분쇄 후 미분량의 증가로 정제능력의 향상을 가져왔지만 정제여과속도 감소를 가져왔다. Mg 주입 시 반응몰비가 0.125에서 0.5로 증가할 동안 정제능력은 약 1.3 배가 증가하였으나 정제여과속도는 약 1.5 배가 감소하였다. 따라서 규산마그네슘의 생산성 향상을 위해서는 Mg/Si의 반응몰비를 증가시켜야 하지만, 폴리올의 정제여과속도를 증가시키기 위해선 반응몰비를 감소시켜야 한다. 규산마그네슘의 합성변수 중 주입순서와 Mg/Si의 반응몰비는 합성 후 평균입도와 분쇄 후 평균입도 및 미분량 변화에 영향을 주는 주요인자로 생산성 및 정제능력을 결정짓는 중요한 합성변수이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2006

This research aims to investigate the behavior of organic matter that causes bacterial re-growth and the formation of disinfectant by-products such as THM in water treatment, and to optimize conditions for a more efficient and conventional water facility. THM removed 51 % and 12 % through coagulation/sedimentation and filtration using a selected conventional system. In this experiment, the removal ratio of DOC was highest at 68 % when the Gt value was 42,000 and lowest at 41 % when the Gt value was 30,000. 77-84 % of total DOC was removed during coagulation/sedimentation, and 15-23 % was removed during filtration. When Gt values were between 30,000 and 66,000, over 50 % of high molecular matter above 10 K during coagulation/sedimentation was removed. Turbidity removed 98 % when the G1 value was 66,000. As the Gt value increased, the turbidity removal ratio increased. Turbidity removed over 20 % during the filtration process.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2009

$Al_2O_3$ 현탁액의 폴리에틸렌 정밀여과에 있어 역세척이 막오염에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 현탁액의 투과저항은 역세척을 한 경우가 역세척을 하지 않은 경우보다 작았으나 투과저항 증가율은 역세척을 하지 않은 때보다도 더 컸다. 막오염 형태는 역세척을 한 경우나 하지 않은 경우 운전초기에는 케익오염이 지배적이었으며, 이어 세공막힘오염이 나타났고, 정상상태에 도달하면 투과유속은 다시 케익여과 오염에 의해 지배받는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 세척공정에 앞선 막은 운전초기에 세공막힘오염이 케익오염에 앞서 일어났다. 총오염에 대한 케익여과 오염의 비율은 역세척에 관계없이 역세척 전에 비하여 증가하였다. 세공크기가 $0.24{\mu}m$인 막의 투과저항은 세공이 $0.34{\mu}m$인 막에 비해 더 컸으나, 막오염 형태는 세공의 크기가 $0.34{\mu}m$인 막에 비해 케익오염이 작았다. 총오염에 대한 성분오염의 비율은 역세척을 한 경우에는 세공막힘이 약 7.8%, 케익오염 약 92.2%이었고, 역세척을 하지 않은 경우에는 세공막힘은 9.6% 그리고 케익오염이 90.4%이었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2014

강변여과는 하천 인근에 다수의 관정을 설치하여 하천수의 수질 개선을 추구하는 기술이다. 그런데 다수의 관정이 인접해 있는 경우 관정간의 상호간섭 현상으로 인하여 취수량에 영향을 미친다. 강변 여과 관정의 경우에는 관정이 관망으로 연결되기 때문에 간섭효과의 요인에는 지하수위 강하량 외에도 유량변화에 따른 관망 수두손실이 포함된다. 간섭효과는 취수정으로 유입되는 하천수와 배후 지하수의 비율에도 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 강변여과시스템의 대수층과 관망흐름을 통합해석하는 기법을 이용하여 복수 관정의 간섭효과와 하천수 비율을 산정하는 방법을 제시하고 실제에 가까운 가상의 강변여과시스템에 적용하였다. 관정 가동 패턴에 따라 취수량은 5% 이상 차이가나고 배후지하수 유입비율도 30~40% 범위로 10% 이상 차이가 날 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.