• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1999

A new forming technology has been developed to fabricate near-net shape components by using aluminum alloys with globular microstructure. The estimations of filling characteristic in the forging simulation with arbitrarily shaped dies of SSM are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed model and various boundary conditions for arbitrarily shaped die are investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation processes with arbitrarily shaped dies are performed on the isothermal conditions and axisymmetric problems. To analyze the forging process simulation with SSM, new stress-strain relationship for semi-solid behaviour is described, and forging the liquid flow. Furthermore, For the purpose of getting net shape of SSM, it is important to be obtain a solid fraction in forging process with arbitrarily shaped dies. To produce a automotive part which have good mechanical properties, the filling pattern in accordance with die velocity and solid fraction distribution has to be estimated for arbitrarily shaped die.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

공동충전 효과를 검증하기 위하여 실시한 시차 공대공 탄성파 탐사자료로부터 지하공동 부존 지역에서 충전 전과 후에 매질의 탄성파 전파속도의 변화를 확인하였다. 시차 공대공 탄성파 탐사자료에 나타난 반응과 시추조사 결과에 의하면 본 지역의 공동은 규모가 극히 소규모이거나 또는 폐석 등으로 충전된 것으로 보인다. 공동충진 효과는 토모그래피로부터 도출된 속도단면상의 탄성파 속도의 증가량을 분석함으로써 평가하였다. 시추공용 에어건을 진원으로 24-채널 하이드로폰을 수진기로 하여 자료를 취득하였다. 취득한 자료에는 무시할 수 없을 정도의 source statics를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제시한 보정방법은 2단계로; 1) 불규칙한 발파시점에 의한 영향 보정과 2) 잔여 정보정으로 이는 진원의 부정확한 위치에 대한 정보정이다. 본 논문에서는 고주파수 성분의 수치잡음이 억제되고 관심대상 부분에서 비교적 고분해능 영상을 도출할 수 있는 다단계 역산 방안을 제시하였다. 일반적으로 최소자승 주시토모그래피로는 평활화된 속도 영상을 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 역산으로는 비교적 소규모의 구간에서 발생한 적은 속도변화를 영상화하기에는 어려운 면이 있다. 본 논문에서는 속도모델의 파라메터를 변화시킨 2단계 제어 역산법으로 도출한 시차 토모그램으로부터 채굴 영향대에서 발생한 매질의 속도변화를 시각화 할 수 있었다. 2단계 역산법은 1-단계에서는 적정한 크기의 균일 격자로 구성된 모델을 사용하여 토모그램을 작성하고 이 토모그램에 2차원 중위수 필터를 적용하여 대략적인 속도구조 모델을 작성한다. 2-단계 역산시는 1-단계에서 작성한 속도모델을 수정하여 초기 모델로 한다. 모델 수정은 관심대상 부분만을 작은 크기의 균일격자로 재구성하는 것이다. 기준조사 토모그램을 2차 조사자료 역산의 초기 속도모델로 사용하였다. 속도변화는 공동대 부근에서만 예상되므로 그 이외 부분의 속도는 기준 토모그램과 동일하게 고정시키고 역산을 수행하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1997

The behaviour of alloys in the semi-solid state strongly depends on the imposed stress state and on the morphology of the phase which can vary from dendritic to globular. To optimal net shape forging of semi-solid materials, it is important to investigate for filling phenomena in forging process of arbitrarily shaped dies. To produce a automotive part which has good mechanical property, the filling pattern according to die velocity and solid fraction distribution has to be estimated for arbitrarily shaped dies. Therefore, the estimation of filling characteristic in the forging simulation with arbitrarily shaped dies of semi-solid materials are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed theoretical model and a various boundary conditions for arbitrarily shaped dies is investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation process with arbitrarily shaped dies is performed to the isothermal conditions of two dimensional problems. To analysis of forging process by using semi-solid materials, a new stress-strain relationship is described, and forging analysis is performed by viscoelastic model for the solid phase and the Darcy's law for the liquid flow. The calculated results for forging force and filling limitations will be compared to experimental data. The filling simulation of simple products performed with the uniform billet temperature(584$^{\circ}C$) from the induction heating by the commercial package MAGMAsoft. The initial step of computation is the touching of semi-solid material with the end of die gate and the initial concept of proposed system just fit with the capability of MAGMAsoft.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2003

Ultrasonic pulsed Doppler velocimetry has become a standard international method of classifying carotid disease. Because the measured angle adjusted velocity increases as the Doppler angle increases, examinations should be performed at a convenient standard Doppler examination angle. An angle of 60 degrees is achievable throughout most examinations. Multiple Doppler viewing angles allow the acquisition of velocity vectors during the cardiac cycle, revealing the complex velocity patterns. Ultrasonic velocimetry (whether Doppler or time domain) is based on changes in the phase of the ultrasound echo. Other examinations can be done based on the echo phase. Slow motions of organs such as the brain can be used to monitor changes in edema. Measurements of tissue strain due to the pulsatile filling of the arterioles. This plethysmographic imaging method can display differences in tissue perfusion because of different tissue types and changes in autonomic activity.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.837-841
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• 1997

An upper bound elemental technique(UBET) program has been developed to analyze forging load, die-cavity filling and optimum kinematically admissible velocity fields for flashless forging. The simulation for flashless forgings are applied plane and axisymmetric closed-die forging with rib-web type cavity. The kinematically admissible velocity fields for inverse triangular and inverse trapezoidal elements, are used to analyze flashless forging. Experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature. Theoretical predictions of the forging load in plane-strain and axisymmetric forging are in good agreement with experimental results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

Au upper bound elemental technique(UBET) program has been developed to analyze forging load die-cavity filling and optimum kinematically admissible velocity fields for flashless forging. The simulation for flashless forgings are applied plane-strain and axisymmetric closed-die forging with rib-web type cavity. The kinematically admissible velocity fields for inverse triangular and inverse trapezoidal elements are used to analyze flashless forging,. Experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature. Theoretical predictions of the forging load in plane-strain and axisymmetric forging are in good agreement with experimental results.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.625-626
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• 2008

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 플래쉬(flash)를 가진 축대칭 리브-웨브형(rib-web type) 제품의 형단조가공을 해석하기 위한 UBET 프로그램을 개발하고 변형중의 경계 조건처리를 다르게 한 세 가지 유동모델에 대하여 소재의 유동상태와 단조하중을 계산하여 효과적인 유동모델을 제시하였다. 또한 체적은 같으나 반지름과 높이의 비가 다른 몇 가지 초기소재 형상에 대하여 변형에 따른 소재의 다이충만도 및 하중을 비교하여 적절한 초기소재의 형상을 찾고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 유동모델의 효율성을 검증하기 위하여 플라스씬(plasticine) 소재를 사용한 실험과 그 결과를 비교, 분석하였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Diverter is an essential element in gravimetric calibration method of flowmeter. Error of diverter are influenced by flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location. That's why, time detection position of diverter is tuned through repetitive test for minimizing error of diverter. Further the diverter must be compared with the other institutions test since the influence on the accuracy of the flow meter used in the test. In this paper, errors (flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location) of diverter are decreased by produced uni-direction diverter and error of gravimetric calibration system is decreased. Uni-direction diverter is calibrated by gravimetric calibration system with precision flowmeter, the flowmeter is calibrated by pipe prover and other institutions and uni-direction diverter is evaluated. Uni-direction diverter is not influenced by flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location. As a result, Uni-direction diverter can calibrate in wider scope since increasing ratio of maximum and minimum flow rate of uni-direction diverter.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 The 8th Asian Symposium on Precision Forging ASPF
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• pp.158-161
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• 2003

Extrusion of forward-gear and backward-rod by combined extrusion with controlling the extrusion velocity using a counter tool is studied. In the combined forward-backward extrusion with controlling extrusion velocity, only parts with short gear can be formed. To obtain longer gear parts, extrusion with reverse ram motion is carried out after the combined forward-backward extrusion process. In this method, combined forward-backward extrusion is carried out until excessive extrusion length is attained and then, the motion of the punch is stopped and the counter tool is moved in the inverse direction and returned to the position for obtaining the desired extrusion length. The experiment is carried out by using lead for billets as a model material. With reverse ram motion, longer gear teeth without under-filling defect can be formed than that by only combined extrusion with controlling extrusion velocity.