• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2017

Objectives : This study analyzed the current status of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of miniscalpel acupuncture for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in China. Methods : A literature search was performed using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. All studies up to June 7th, 2017 were searched. The quality of included RCTs was assessed with the Jadad scale. Results : Five RCTs were finally included in this review. The overall quality of the RCTs was assessed as low. All articles evaluated miniscalpel acupuncture as monotherapy or in combination with filiform needle therapy, drug injection therapy, Tuina treatment, thermal coagulation therapy, or spinal decompression. Miniscalpel acupuncture as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy showed greater therapeutic effect and fewer adverse effects. Conclusion : Miniscalpel acupuncture is a safe and effective nonpharmacological treatment for LSS. However, high-quality studies with consistent treatment protocols are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.163-177
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause and etiology of vertigo by referring to 47 literatures. The results were as follows ; 1. Vertigo is classified in Oriental Medicine into Exess Symptom-Complex(實證) and Deficiency Symptom-Complex(虛證). Exess Symptom-Complex(實證) is caused by flare-up the fire of the liver(肝陽上亢), phlegm-heat(痰火) and exogenous pathogenic factors(外邪). Deficiency Symptom-Complex(虛證) is caused by insufficiency of the yin of the kidney(腎陰不足) and deficiency of qi and blood(氣血虛). 2. The principles of vertigo treatments are pyongganjamyang(平肝潛陽), sohwasigpung(消火息風), boiggihyul(補益氣血), geonunbiui(建運脾胃), boigsinjeong(補益腎精), chungyangnoisu(充養腦髓), joseubgeodam(燥濕祛痰), geonblhwaui(建脾和胃). 3. Various Needling Treatment Methods of vertigo in the recent Oriental Medicine are presented such as Filiform Needle(鍼刺療法), Auricular Acupuncture Therapy(耳鍼療法), Scalp Acupuncture Therapy(頭鍼療法), Cataneous Needle Therapy(皮膚鍼療法), Aqua Acupuncture Therapy(水鍼療法), etc.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the method and effects of fire needling on frozen shoulder in China. Methods : We searched journals using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and PubMed. The keywords were a combination of "fire needling", "fire needle", "burning acupuncture", "frozen shoulder", "adhesive capsulitis", "periarthritis". Results : There were 23 studies finally selected, 7 were case control studies and 16 were case series studies. There were 9 out of 14 main meridians and 31 kinds of acupoints. The most frequently adopted meridians were LI, SI and TE. The most frequently used acupoints were $LI_{15}$, $SI_9$ and $TE_{14}$. Adjacent points were used more often than distant points. They usually heated the needle before insertion and needle retention was mostly not done. 7 case control studies showed that fire needling reported better results than the filiform needle or electro-acupuncture treatment. 15 case series studies reported a significant improvement in fire needling on frozen shoulder patients. Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding fire needling on frozen shoulder in China. Further studies should be required and these can be applied to clinical practices in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

Objectives: The subject of this research is the catechism on medicine between the doctors of Joseon and Japan in the 18th century through Choson Delegation(朝鮮通信使 ). Methods: The author intended to review and analyze the contents of catechism related to Acupuncture and Moxibustion and determined the characteristics of Joseon and Japan ?s Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results: At the time, Japanese doctors had a grasp on most theories of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and were very specialized clinically. They usually used filiform needles with various techniques, and already they had many different schools in practice. However, they wanted to know if their Acupuncture and Moxibustion skills were up to the international standard, especially to Joseon, whom they regarded as a country advanced in Acupuncture and Moxibustion. They wanted to com- pare and contrast their Acupuncture and Moxibustion with Joseon's. 18th century Joseon was high time for Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Various tools were used in surgery, and varieties of needles were used to stimulate acupuncture points. The development of tools evinces the precision of Joseon's Acupuncture and Moxibustion at the time. Also, comprehensive works such as DongUiBoGam(東醫寶鑑) and UiHaklpMun( 醫學入門) greatly influenced Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Because of this impact, it can be deduced that Acupuncture and Moxibustion emphasizing Jang(臟) and Bu(腑) organs and Internal Injury developed greatly. In addition, acupuncturist Holm(許任)'s fame continued from the 17th century into the 18th century, and his medical practice left a huge mark on not only Joseon but other eastern Asian countries as well. Conclusions: We found out the evidences that there were a lot of exchanges of acupuncture and moxibustion between Korea and Japan based of the Joseon TongShinSa (Emissary)'s record of catechism on medicine in the 18th century.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2008

Generally, we regard the concept of Guchim(九鍼) in "Naegyeong(內經)" as the a generic term of acupuncture means of nine kinds of forms and usages. However, it also contains the meaning of methods and transcriptures of acupuncture. The diversity of Guchim reflects that it has a high level diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs. And among the treatments, reinforcing and reducing methods are prominent. The treatments of reinforcing and reducing methods, usually use Hochim(毫鍼), the filiform needle. The focus of Guchim, in reinforcing and reducing of Gi(氣), is reinforcing and reducing by way of drainage of Gi. And it mainly deals with diseases of Gi. From the research of the philosophic background of the number Nine in Chinese philosophy, number nine symbolizes the posterior and space, as number one symbolizes apriority and time. In this circumstances, Guchim became the supreme method of acupuncture. The concept of Gwanchim(官鍼), standardized needle in "Naegyeong" also expresses the Guchim as theory and skill in standardized traditional medicine. The period of materialization of Guchim and Gwanchim lies in from the era of Jeonguk[戰國時代, the age of civil wars] to Han dyansty[漢代], when the "Naegyeong" made a synthesis of the medicine in those days, as the society unified politically and ideologically. In this process, Guchim was sublimated in method of acupuncture which contained absolute authority.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 2011

Objective : Nine classical needles have been recorded in oriental medical classics as a diversified instrument for acupuncture to treat patients with various symptoms. Recently, it has suggested that doctors didn't make full use of acupuncture and that poor understanding of the nine needles has caused the lack of usage. Methods : It has studied bibliographically about the conformation including a length & shape and application & usages of the nine classical needles presented in oriental medical classics. Results : Chamchim (shear needle) has 1.6 chon (寸) length, sharp apex treating fever in the head and trunk; Wonchim (roun-pointed needle) has 1.6 chon, eggshaped apex treating disease of flesh by massaging with it; Sichim (spoon needle) has 3.5 chon, thick body with round sharp apex treating weakness of Qi; Bongchim (lance needle) has 1.6 chon, a triangled apex treating chronic disease with bleeding; Pichim (stiletto needle) has 4 chon, razor sharp applying to surgery of big pus; Wonlichim (round-sharp needle) has 1.6 chon, thin body, sharp apex treating acute arthralgia syndromes; Hochim (filiform needle) has various lengths which treats various disease of meridians and organs; Jangchim (long needle) has 7 chon, sharp apex treating chronic arthralgia syndromes in deeper place of body; Daechim (large needle) has 4 chon, nail like apex applying to excrete artheredema in joints. Conclusions : The conformation of nine classical needles has been changed from those recorded in oriental medical classics since it was developed. However, the usage of nine classical needles has remained the same. Therefore it is considered that intrinsic attribute of the nine needles has preserved even though the conformation of nine classical needles has changed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2017

Black hairy tongue is a benign medical condition, which is characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae, with a typical carpet-like appearance on the dorsum of the tongue. We describe the case of a 70-year-old Korean female with black hairy tongue, who complained of black hairy tongue accompanied by xerostomia. The patient was treated with Jibaekjihwang-tang-gagambang and electric acupuncture for 13 days. Black hairy tongue was evaluated by its visual appearance and by calculating hue-saturation-brightness (HSB) and red-green-blue (RGB) values of images of the tongue using a photo-edit program. Salivary flow rate (SFR) was evaluated to evaluate oral dryness. After 13 days of treatment, the black fur disappeared, and the brightness and RGB values of the black fur increased. In addition, the SFR increased. We conclude that Korean medicine could be the treatment choice for black hairy tongue.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to make nine classical needles understood easily through interpreting Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes. Methods : The principle of classification and clinical application of Nine Classical Needle was sorted out referring to "The beginning of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" and "The prescription and treatment of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" which is the chapter of "Golden Mirror of Medicine". Results & Conclusions : The Nine Classical Needles, which were designed to get harmonious interaction between human beings and the nature, have been representative medical appliance in Korean Medicine. The needles consist of shear needle, round-pointed needle, spoon needle, lance needle, stiletto needle, round-sharp needle, filiform needle, long needle, and big needle. Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes was formed in a poem format to help us easily memorize the essential contents of Nine Classical Needles. "The beginning of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" dealt with the reasons of making needles and organization principles about Nine Classical Needles. "The prescription and treatment of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" sorted main treatment applications of nine needles, helping understand needles as medical appliance.