• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

In patients with a language developmental delay, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), specific language impairment, and mental retardation. It is important that pediatricians recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs, as many patients with language developmental delays are ultimately diagnosed with ASDs. Pediatricians play an important role in the early recognition of ASDs, because they are usually the first point of contact for children with ASDs. A revision of the diagnostic criteria of ASDs was proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that was released in May 2013. The autism spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth edition of the DSM. The new diagnostic criteria encompasses previous elements from the diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. An additional change to the DSM includes synthesizing the section on social and communication deficits into one domain. In ASD patients, the appropriate behavioral therapies and rehabilitation treatments significantly affect the prognosis. Therefore, this makes early diagnosis and treatment very important. In conclusion, pediatricians need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs and be attentive to them in order to make an early diagnosis and provide treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2008

In order to study functional nucleotides in prototype foamy virus (PFV) DNA on specific recognition by PFV integrase (IN), we designed chimeric U5 long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA substrates by exchanging comparative sequences between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and PFV U5 LTRs, and investigated the 3'-end processing reactivity using HIV-1 and PFV INs, respectively. HIV-1 IN recognized the nucleotides present in the fifth and sixth positions at the 3'-end of the substrates more specifically than any other nucleotides in the viral DNA. However, PFV IN recognized the eighth and ninth nucleotides as distinctively as the fifth and sixth nucleotides in the reactions. In addition, none of the nucleotides present in the twelfth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth positions were not differentially recognized by HIV-1 and PFV INs, respectively. Therefore, our results suggest that the functional nucleotides that are specifically recognized by its own IN in the PFV U5 LTR are different from those in the HIV-1 U5 LTR in aspects of the positions and nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, it is proposed that the functional nucleotides related to the specific recognition by retroviral INs are present inside ten nucleotides from the 3'-end of the U5 LTR.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.219-232
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• 1986

A study on establishment of normal range of cardiothoracic ratio calculated from photofluorography film of chest by age and sex in a total of the 6,598 insureds was undertaken. The results were as follows: 1. In male group, the frequency distribution of cardiothoracic ratio was skewed weakly to the right in second decade, symmetrical in third and fourth decade, and was skewed weakly to the left in fifth and sixth decade; in female group, it was skewed weakly to the left in second, third and fourth decade, and was skewed weakly to the right in fifth and sixth decade. 2. On assumption that normal range of cardiothoracic ratio should comprise about 85% of all cardiothoracic ratios in each age group of both sexes, the sites of deviation from mean value of cardiothoracic ratio corresponding to maximum and minimum cardiothoracic ratio in the range of about 85% above mentioned were detected by statistical method on the frequency distribution of log tranformed cardiothoracic ratio, and $M{\pm}1.3$ sindicating normal range of cardiothoracic ratio was determined. In male group, normal range of cardiothoracic ratio determined by statistical method is 35-45%, 40-50%, 40-50%, 40-50% and 40-50% succesively in order from second to sixth decade; in female group, 40-50%, 40-50%, 40-50%, 45-55% and 45-55%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.952-957
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• 2006

The present study applied wavelet transform and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of daily TOC data. TOC data were transformed into denoised data by the wavelet transform and the noise-reduced data were used for the prediction model by artificial neural networks. For the application of wavelet transform, Daubechies wavelet of order 10 ('db10') was used as a basis function and decomposed the TOC data up to fifth level with five detail components and one approximation component. ANNs were calibrated with the input data of the segregated TOC data corresponding to the details from second to fifth level and the approximation. Consequently, the ANNs model for the prediction of daily TOC data showed the best result when it had seventeen hidden nodes in its layer.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1986

The general combining ability (GCV), the specific combining ability (SCA) and the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects wereobtained by 8$\times$8 diallel crosses of the silkworms with four Japanese races and four Chinese races, total eight lines. The result are as follows ; 1. The general combining ability (GVA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP), a female and a male cocoon weights (FW, MW), a female and a male cocoon layer weights (FL, ML) and a female and a male cocoon layer ratios (FR, MR). Only the reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects appeared high significant level in the total and the fifth instar periods (TP, FP). 2. The Japanese original silkworm lines varied in the general combining ability effects from -0.864 to 0.578, and the Chinese original silkworm lines did in ones from -0.570 to 1.018. 3. The specific combining ability effects of the silkworm lines made in order of the crossing types of JL (Japanese lines) $\times$CL (Chinese lines)>CL$\times$JL>JL$\times$JL> CL$\times$CL in a total cocoon weights and a cocoon layer weights. 4. The reciprocal combining ability effects of the silkworm lines was in order of the crossing types of JL$\times$CL>JL$\times$JL> CL$\times$CL>CL$\times$JL in a total cocoon weights and cocoon layer weights.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2007

The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. In order to choose suitable shoes for feet, the foot size and shape must be considered, so it is essential to grasp the exact size and shape of the foot. This study aims to present fundamental data on shoes' easy order prototype development for choosing shoes of good wearing comfort, by classifying feet size and shape junior high school boys in the early adolescent period. The subject were 217 Korean junior high school girls in age from 14 to 16 years old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. 7 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 78.59% of total variance. The factors were characterized foot length, foot girth and width, foot shape around the fifth toes, foot shape around the first toes, angle of foot breadth, foot height, and foot length of upper foot. 3 clusters as their foot shape were categorized using 7 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 had smaller in foot girth, width and length than other types and with deformed fifth toe. Type 2 had average size and high foot shape. Type 3 was characterized by long large foot with deformed first toe. The results would be a great support in producing and choosing appropriate shoes if forms are classified by subdividing foot form classification and extract a factor which shows only the foot sole shape.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2002

2차원 공간 고립파는 비선형 굴절률이 빛의 세기에 따라 일정한 값에 수렴하는 포화 매질에서 안정적으로 전파될 수 있다. 그러나 빛의 세기가 크지 않은 경우, 5차 비선형 굴절률이 음수인 매질은 포화 매질의 특성을 가지므로 2차원 공간 고립파가 전파될 수 있다. 2차원 비선형 슈뢰딩거 방정식의 전산 시늉을 통하여 빛의 세기가 크지 않은 경우 가우시안 빛살이 5차 비선형 매질을 전파하는 과정을 조사하였다. 그 결과 자체 포획 일률로 입사시킬 때 가장 안정적으로 2차원 공간 고립파가 전파한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 위상차가 180$^{\circ}$인 두 공간 고립파를 0.05$^{\circ}$의 충돌각으로 충돌시키면서 한 쪽 고립파의 입사 일률을 조절한다면 출력단에서 두 공간 고립파의 완전 광 스위칭이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1986

In order to obtain the most specific and sensitive antigen from crude antigens of Fasciola hepatica for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), phosphate buffered saline extract of F. hepatica was prepared. The crude extract was fractionated into 7 antigens using sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Seven fractionated antigens were applied to ELISA, precipitation test and intradermal test, respectively. Results obtained are as follows: 1. The specificity (95% confidence interval in negative sera of bovine fascioliasis; Mean+$2{\times}SD$ of absorbence) of the first (MW>150,000) and the second antigens(MW 120,000) were 93.7%, but those of others including crude antigen showed 100%. 2. The sensitivity(positive sera of bovine fascioliasis having higher values with compared to the criterion) of the first, the sixth (MW 16,000) and the seventh antigen (MW<5,000) were 91.6%, 87.5% and 0%, respectively, but those of others showed all 100%. 3. The absorbance by ELISA using the fifth antigen (MW 26,000) was 8. 43-folds higher in the positive sera than that in the negative sera. This could be used as one of the most specific antigens for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis. 4. In Ouchterlony test, precipitin lines were not found in the sera naturally infected with F. hepatica, but some were found in the sera of rabbits immunized with the crude antigens. The numbers of precipitin lines in the sera of rabbits were different in the different fractionated antigens. They were 6 in the crude, 2 in the second and the third antigens, 1 in the fourth, the fifth and the sixth antigens and absent in the seventh antigen, respectively. 5. The wheal size for bovine infected with F. hepatica was $2.46{\pm}0.15cm$ in the intradermal test antigen(saline extract of F. hepatica) supplied by the Veterinary Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Korea. The wheal size of the first, the second and the third antigens were larger than that. of intradermal test antigen, whereas those of the fouth, the fifth, the sixth and the seventh antigens showed smaller than that of the intradermal test antigen. The results suggest that the fifth antigen may be specific antigen for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.388-399
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• 2002

This study would tend to clarify effects on knowledge and attitudes of smoking by preventive education for the fifth grade student in elementary school. It would also hope to contribute to activate smoking preventive education, improvement of health quality for the young and reduce school children's misdeeds. One hundred and sixty-eight school children, the fifth grade student in K city's elementary school have been gathered as testees and divided into two groups : 84 in an experimental group and other 84 in a group for comparison.. Data has been collected between 27th November, 2001 and 8th February, 2002 and methods, which were based on literature study, have been developed by myself and used after reliability test. The process has been formed in this order - pre-survey, experiment (smoking preventive education), the first post-survey and the second post-survey. The pre-survey was to fill the questionnaire and the post survey has done with the same way in 2 and 9 weeks later. The smoking preventive education has been carried out 4 times and the time for each experiment was 40 minutes. The collected data has been analysed by the purpose into $\chi^2-test$, t-test,. F-test, Duncan multiple range test with SPSS. The results of study would be as follows 1. The rate of smoking experience is $17.3\%$ and the biggest motive $(75\%)$ is curiosity. Also $5.4\%$ of respondents reply to have friends smoking a little. 2. The first hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would have much knowledge about smoking than comparison group - would be supported with statistical data (t=-3.329, p=.000). 3. The second hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would show higher attitude than the other group - would also be backed by statistically meaningful difference (t=-3.856, p=.000). 4. The variables of extent for smoking knowledge would be school record and the variables of extent for smoking attitude is friends' smoking, parents' reaction, experience until now and plan from now on.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1998

This paper proposes a way to design a multi-purpose hall which can serve as a culture and art space for college students and which can also accommodate college students' behaviour characteristics. The major claims made in this paper are as follows. First the hall should be located where it is easily accessible from major and minor campus facilities. Second friendliness between inside and outside of the hall should be established by providing a Gray Zone such as floor or a yard. Third lobby should have a enough space for the entrance and exit of the hall and for rest and refreshments. Fourth in addition to a fixed stage height-adjustable stage and booth should be provided in order to use the hall space for different use. Fifth in the color aspect high value and low chroma should be used to create tender and friendly atmospher and in the shape aspect a durable natural and functional design should be considered in order to create a modern atmosphere.