• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.910-915
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• 2012

In this paper we propose multi-grounded neutral design method which was considered of transferred transient overvoltage when line to neutral fault occurs. Specially, In order to confirm the actual transient overvoltage magnitude which occurs on neutral line, we considered some screening(shielding) effects. The screening coefficient was deducted from field test results and calculation in a distribution line which is identical with an actual power line. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to suggest the guidance for grounding skystem design considering limitation of overvoltage for LV side in IEC 61936. The result is based on EMTP simulation and real field faults situation in distribution lines.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2004

We have designed a portable electronic nose (e-nose) system using an array of commercial gas sensors and personal digital assistants (PDA) for the recognition and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the field. Field screening of pollutants has been a target of instrumental development during the past years. A portable e-nose system was advantageous to localize the special extent of a pollution or to find pollutants source. The employment of PDA improved the user-interface and data transfer by Internet from on-site to remote computer. We adapted the Lavenberg-Marquardt algorithm based on the back-propagation and proposed the method that could predict the concentration levels of VOC gases after classification by separating neural network into two parts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5125-5129
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• 2012

Economic decision models are being increasingly used to assess medical interventions. Advances in this field are mainly due to enhanced processing capacity of computers, availability of specific software to perform the necessary tasks, and refined mathematical techniques. We here estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of ten strategies for colon cancer screening, as well as no screening, incorporating quality of life, noncompliance and data on the costs and profit of chemotherapy in Iran. We used a Markov model to measure the costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy of a 50-year-old average-risk Iranian without screening and with screening by each test. In this paper, we tested the model with data from the Ministry of Health and published literature. We considered costs from the perspective of a health insurance organization, with inflation to 2011, the Iranian Rial being converted into US dollars. We focused on three tests for the 10 strategies considered currently being used for population screening in some Iranians provinces (Kerman, Golestan Mazandaran, Ardabil, and Tehran): low-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test, performed annually; fecal immunochemical test, performed annually; and colonoscopy, performed every 10 years. These strategies reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer by 39%, 60% and 76%, and mortality by 50%, 69% and 78%, respectively, compared with no screening. These approaches generated ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) of $9067, $654 and $8700 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year), respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the influence of various scales on the economic evaluation of screening. The results were sensitive to probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Colonoscopy every ten years yielded the greatest net health value. Screening for colon cancer is economical and cost-effective over conventional levels of WTP8.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

Korea's Corona 19(COVID-19) quarantine, referred to as 'K-Quarantine', is a globally recognized quarantine system that has achieved both conflicting goals: health and economy. The quarantine system represented by 3T(Test-Trace-Treat) is not a method of blocking an area, but a method of screening and treating infected and non-infected persons. The screening center, one of the key elements of this screening treatment system, has evolved to suit the timing and situation of COVID-19, and has succeeded in initial response by conducting large-scale tests quickly and safely. By analyzing the evolution of screening centers that produced such significant results from a problem-solving point of view, it proved its meaning as a practical success case of creative problem-solving. In addition, the usefulness of TRIZ (Russian abbreviation of Theory of Solving Inventive Problem), a creative problem-solving theory, was confirmed through an analysis of actual verified cases of COVID-19 response. TRIZ is a problem-solving theory created by analyzing the regularity of invention patents, and is widely used not only in the technical field but also in the non-technical fields such as design, management, and education. The results of this study are expected to provide useful meaning and practical examples to researchers interested in system analysis and TRIZ application from a problem-solving perspective.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1983년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.26-27
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• 1983

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3463-3471
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• 2015

Background: The principal aim of health service providers in the field of breast cancer is to detect and treat lesions at an appropriate time. Therefore, identification of barriers to screening can be very helpful. The present study aimed to systematically review the qualitative studies for extracting and reporting the barriers of screening for breast cancer from the womans perspective. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review; Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid Scopus, Cochrane Library, Iranmedex, and SID were searched using the keywords: screening barriers, cancer, qualitative studies, breast and their Persian equivalents, and the needed data were extracted and analyzed using an extraction table. To assess the quality of the studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used. Results: From 2,134 related articles that were found, 21 articles were eventually included in the study. The most important barriers from the point of view of 1,084 women were lack of knowledge, access barriers (financial, geographical, cultural), fear (of results and pain), performance of service providers, women's beliefs, procrastination of screening, embarrassment, long wait for getting an appointment, language problems, and previous negative experiences. Articles' assessment score was 68.9. Conclusions: Increasing women's knowledge, reducing the costs of screening services, cultural promotion for screening, presenting less painful methods, changing beliefs of health service providers, provision of privacy for giving service, decreasing the waiting time, and providing high quality services in a respectful manner can be effective ways to increase breast cancer screening.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2011

Purpose: Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Embarrassment has been reported as one important barrier to cervical screening uptake. The absence of appropriate instrumentation, however, has limited our understanding of the links between embarrassment and health care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric attributes of the uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample for field study was recruited from four gynecological clinics in Gyeongju, Korea. Within a cross-sectional descriptive design, 339 women who had cervical screening completed self-administered measures of embarrassment including a visual analogue, general medical embarrassment, dispositional embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Results: Rasch analysis of items demonstrated the evidence of one-dimensional construct and good 7-point rating scales functioning. Factor analysis revealed that uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment was comprised of two domains-bodily manifestations and perceiving an undesirable social face. Construct validity was demonstrated by a high subscale-to-subscale correlation. Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by significant correlations with a 100 mm VAS scale, general medical embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Known-group validity was established by comparing women with high versus low trait embarrassment. Both two sub-scales and overall scale demonstrated good internal reliability. Conclusion: The Uterine uterine cervical cancer screening questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument suited to assessing the manifestations of embarrassment during screening. The use of instrument can be extended to understand the client's embarrassment undergoing health examinations which require the exposure of their private parts.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1990년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.32-33
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• 1990

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3981-3990
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years. Results: A total of 507 participants with mean age of $46.8{\pm}7.8$ years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%). Conclusions: In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2002

This descriptive exploratory study was conducted to analyze the results of developmental screening test using DDST and the follow-up diagnostic evaluation in one public health center, and to evaluate the feasibility of developmental screening in nursing. Samples were 373 children under 6 years who visited the public health center. Mothers' satisfaction on the developmental clinic was also determined. Summaries of the results were as follows:v 1. 0.5% of children in height and 1.9% of children in weight were included in below 3 percentile of Korean children's growth chart, but none of them showed developmental delay. 2. The results of DDST showed 92.1% of subjects were classified as normal, 3.7% as abnormal, and 4.2% as questionable among 354 children. 3. Most of children who showed the abnormal development at the first DDST were confirmed having the developmental delay at the follow-up diagnostic evaluation. On the other hand, most of children who showed the questionable development at the first DDST revealed having the normal development in follow-up screening test. 4. The result of the DDST was influenced by the birth order of the subject and delivery type. 5.The mean satisfaction score by mothers on developmental clinic was 4.35 in 5 Likert scale. In conclusion, we could certain the feasibility and usefulness of developmental screening in community and child care nursing. To fulfil the increasing needs of mothers with infants on the child development, nurses have to provide anticipatory guidance and parent education in addition to the developmental screening test. We hope to expand the developmental screening in nursing field not only of clinical setting but also of community.