• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.68-75
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• 2023

This paper discusses methods for increasing the germination rate of barley seeds using low direct and alternating current power below 110V. The experimental apparatus used here is a parallel plate, with the bottom surface of the plate designed to be wider than the top surface to increase the size of the electrostatic field. As a result, three different magnitudes of electrostatic fields were created on the plates: the first ranging from 400V/cm to 600V/cm, the second from 600V/cm to 900V/cm, and the third from 2200V/cm to 2400V/cm. The finite difference method was applied to analyze the electrostatic field inside the parallel plate. The plant seeds used in the experiments were barley seeds produced domestically. The average germination rate of barley seeds using the presented electrostatic field in this paper was 57%, while it was 65% when using a microwave of 2.45GHz, compared to a control group with a result of 31%. An important difference between using the electrostatic field and the 2.45GHz microwave is the dry method and wet method. When applying these two methods to practical seed germination, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each experimental approach and choose the appropriate method accordingly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1989

In order to estimate field seedling emergence and grain yield by the information collected from various laboratory seed vigor tests, each two malting and naked barley cultivar seeds were artificially aged according to the standard aging treatment suggested by the Association of Official Seed Analysts. The seed vigor tests adopted were warm- and cold-germination test, tetrazolium vigor test and electrocon. ductivity test. Field emergence of malting barley (Y) was estimated by Y=-2.962+0.229X$_1$ (% warm germination) -0.001X$_2$ (vigor of warm germination test: WGT) +0.354X$_3$ (vigor of cold germination test: CT) -0.558X$_4$ (% cold germination). The multiple correlation coefficient indicated that % warm germination. was contributed 64 % of the variation in seedling emergence rate of malting barley. The vigor of warm and cold germination tests, and % cold germination contributed additional 4, 7, and 9%, respectively, upon addition of the variables into regression. For naked barley, the regression equation of emergence rate was less efficient(R$^2$=54%) than that of malting barley(R$^2$=84%). A model to predict grain yield by the results of various seed vigor tests was not evaluated for both malting and naked barlev.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2009

The study of germination and seedling growth characteristics of Neem under different soil and environment conditions was undertaken. The seed germination started 8 days after sowing in commercial bed soil, whereas, delayed germination was observed in sandy-loam (15 days) and sandy (19 days) soil. The highest germination (73.33%) was observed in commercial bed soil in green house, whereas, the lowest germination was observed in sandy soil (16.67%) and sandy-loam soil (8.33%). The seeds in the open field (sandy soil) also showed poor (10%) germination. The mean number of germination seed/day (GD) and seed germination vigor rate (GV) both were highest in the commercial bed soil with 0.733% and 16.67% respectively in the green house, whereas sandy and sandy-loam soil in green house and open field (sandy soil) all showed much lower GD and GV values. The seedling characteristics of nursery revealed that the seedling grown in the growth chamber in commercial bed soil was significantly higher in all the parameters comparing to others grown in green house and open field. The growth was nearly 7 fold in the chamber compared to that of the green house nursery observed in three months old seedlings. Likewise, HPLC analysis revealed that the green house grown seedling contain higher quantity of pigments compare to the chamber grown seedlings. Among the soils used the commercial soil alone or in combination with sandy and sandy-loam soil in the ratio of 2:1:1 respectively with the temperature of $27{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ showed better for Neem nursery preparation.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2014

Zoysiagrass seeds had low germination or lack of germination uniformity under natural condition. To improve the final germination percentage of zoysiagrass seeds, we investigated the methods of proper pre-treatment to enhance germination rate of zoysiagrass. Seeds were subjected to the testa scarification and four types of seed priming methods, namely, hydro priming (distilled water), osmotic priming (polyethylene glycol -0.5 MPa, -1.0MPa, -2.0 MPa), halo priming (Potassium nitrate 100 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM), and solid matrix priming (seed : microcel-E : distilled water = 4:1:8) with and without 25% KOH treatment in the testa. The scarification improved the germination rate and reduced the germination time. Osmotic priming (PEG -0.5 MPa) with scarification were significantly increased the seed germination rate and decreased MGT, and $T_{50}$. Seed germination rate obtained by osmotic priming (PEG -0.5MPa) with scarification increased above 60% in comparison with natural condition. Conclusively, scarified and primed zoysiagrass seed germinated more rapidly and uniformly in the study. The present results suggested that PEG priming treatment with KOH treatment prior to sowing could improve germination percentage, and this method makes us establish the early zoysiagrasses in the field.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate effects of sowing dates and method on major agronomic characteristics of Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$. in southern area of Korea. The number of days from sowing to emergence was recognized liner negative correlation between sowing days. Dendropanax morbifera was sowed at seven different dates(from Dec.20 to Feb.20 at 30 days interval, from Mar, 1 to Apr. 15 at 15 days interval) in pot culture. In sowing date at Mar. 15, germination rate and early growth were good in pot. Dendropanax morbifera was sowed at five different dates(from Dec.20 to Apr.15 at 15 days interval) in field culture. In sowing date at Apr.15, germination rate and early growth were good in field culture.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.242-247
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• 2013

In order to prepare for weakening of the productivity of agriculture due to serious climate change, the researches on promoting the growth of plant are required. Although the method of using magnetic field for improving the growth of plant was introduced, the effective method of imposing the field on the plant have yet to be studied thoroughly in the literatures. In this paper, we investigated the effects of static magnetic field on the growth and the early seed germination of radish sprouts according to the strength, direction of excitation and the expose time of the magnetic field, and present the effective method of imposing magnetic fields. From the measurements, it was found that the radish sprouts exposed in the field shows a rapid germination of about 3~4 days than those which had no field, and in order to the effective growth, the strength of the magnetic field should be properly selected, and the excitation direction of magnetic field has little effect on the radish sprouts growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.60-73
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to analyze the feasibility of the alluvial deposit deposited on upper terrace in Han River as a substitute for conventional plant soil. For this purpose, the soil characteristics were analyzed, and germination and growth rate of pansy and marigold for 75 days were investigated. Soil contamination level of all the samples, except mineral oil, was analysed under the legal contamination level, while some mineral oil was detected in almost samples at 2.0~32mg/kg. The measures of the soil texture (sandy loam or loam), organic matter (2.5~5.5%), available phosphate (22~98mg/kg), exchangeable cation of K (0.5~1.1cmol/kg), Ca (0.9~9.6cmol/kg), Mg (0.1~0.7cmol/kg), Na (0.7~3.1cmol/kg), CEC (3.1~24.3cmol/kg) were identified as not worse than those of conventional planting soil. But the pH (5.1~5.3) was detected slightly lower than the range (5.5~6.9) of average domestic field soil. The germination rate of pansy in alluvial deposit was lower than that of fertile field or paddy field soil, while the growth rate of pansy for 75 days in alluvial deposit was as good as that of the compared fertile soils. But the germination rate and growth rate of marigold in alluvial deposit were much poorer than those of marigold in compared fertile soils. Consequently, the feasibility of alluvial deposit as a substitute for planting soil was evaluated to be high.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1986

To obtain the information about the reasons why hulless barley varieties generally have poor germination and emergence rate in the field, hulled and hulless isogenic lines were bred and used. The germination rates of hulless isogenic lines were 4-6 percent lower than those of hulled lines at artificial precipitation treatment, and seriously dropped down at 5 day precipitation treatment. As the thresher rotation speeds up 600 to 1,000 rpm, the differences of germination rate were 10 percent in hulled, but 22 percent in hulless lines. Also emergence rates of hulless lines became seriously low at deep seeding. The emergence rates of hulless isogenic lines became low in the order of deep seeding, high speed thresher, and rain-fall. These results suggest that barley breeders especially for hulless varieties should plan their breeding programs to improve the emergence rate or seedling vigour in the field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 1969

Germination and field test were made with the spring barley sprouted with gibberellin solution of 5 levels from 5 to 100 ppm. Temperatures of room for germination were classified as ordinary and low. Results obtained will be summarized as follows: 1. Sprouting with Gibberellin promoted the germination by two days in ordinary and three days in low temperature without reducing the germination rate. 2. The higher concentration of gibberellin showed the more promotion of growth in early stage. 3. No retardation of root-growth was found by gibberellin sprouting. 4. No promoting effects to germination by gibberellin sprouting was found in field tests. In high concentration, percentage of germination, number of spike and grain yields reduced remarkably. 5. More remarkable tendency of weak growth and longer duration of recovery were found in the higher concentration of gibberellin, but all plots recovered from weak growth at middle stage of plant growth. 6. In gibberellin concentration of 5 to 10 ppm, retardation of germination, weakness of early growth and reducing of spike number were not remarkable while length of spike and 1000 grain weight were increased. Therefore grain yields showed increasing tendency. 7. Promoting the germination may be expected but hastening of heading and maturing may not be available by gibberellin treatment in sprouting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the test methods for predicting field emergence of Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium pratense. Four seed lots of two herbage legumes were controlled deteriorated, accelerated aged before germination test and conductivity of each seed lot was determined. Those germination percent and conductivity of seed lots were compared with actual field emergence rate. Field emergence rate could be estimated by the controlled deterioration test ($R^2$=0.687), by the accelerated aging test ($R^2$=0.260), and by the conductivity test ($R^2$=0.238). A multiple regression equation for predicting field emergence rate(equation omitted) was estimated as (equation omitted)=-198.16 ＋ 2.3493X$_1$-1.5564X$_2$ ＋ 1.9812X$_3$where X$_1$, percent germination of controlled deterioration test ; X$_2$, percent germination of accelerated aging test; and X$_3$, conductivity of solute leakage in the conductivity test. Conclusively, unless multiple tests are not available, the controlled deterioration test was comparatively high efficient for predicting field emergence rate, however, the combined measurements of those three tests can enhance the efficiency.