• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.309-325
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• 1997

In order to set the lasing variables and evaluate, clinically, the therapeutic effects of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser on oral lesion, the author applied the laser energy from a fiberoptic delivered, free running, pulsed Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064nm, Pulse duration 120$\mu$sec, fiber diameter 200$\mu$m/320$\mu$m) to 22 cases of oral soft tissue lesions and 6 cases of oral hard tissue lesions. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The effective excision with contact mode and the effective hemostasis of accompanied bleeding with noncontact mode were occurred by lasing on oral soft tissue lesions with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 2.0~4.0W and 20~50Hz which were controlled into high power/low pulses for excision, low power/high pulses for hemostasis, low power in granulation tissue and high power in fibrous tissue according to therapeutic goals and tissue conditions. 2. About 50% of decreasing effect on hypersensitivity was occurred by lasing with non-contact and contact mode on cervical abrasion which caused dentinal hypersensitivity with fiber diameter of 320$\mu$m under the variables of 0.7 - 1.0W and 10Hz which were applied 2~3 times with 1 week interval. 3. The effective sterilization of infected root canal and lesion of periapical abscess was occurred by lasing with contact and spiral modes on wall of root canal and periapical abscess with fiber diameter of 200$\mu$m of which the tip was placed about 1mm shorter than root canal length under the variables of 1.OW and 10Hz.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.504-508
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• 1983

본 실험은 인삼경의 삽목시 발근 및 발근후 근의 비대생장에 미치는 합성 Auxin의 효과를 구명하고자 묘삼 및 2년생 인삼의 경삽후 NAA, IBA를 각각 0.5, 1.0 및 2.0ppM 그리고 2.4-D는 1.0ppM을 처리하였다. 경삽후 발근된 근은 초기에는 모두 반투명의 수염 뿌리였으나 경삽 120일 후에 조사하였던 바 이들 수염 뿌리 중 3-4개는 비대하여 본질 화되었고, 나머지는 없어졌다. IBA가 발근 및 발근후의 근비대 생장에 가장 효과적이었던 바 IBA 2.0ppM 처리구에서는 85%의 삽수가 2.0mm이상의 비대근을 형성하였으며 67%의 삽수는 3.0mm이상의 비대근을 형성하였다. 이들 본질 화된 비대근은 종자근과 유사한 형태를 보이는 것과 callus 모양의 구형근 3-4개가 서로 유착된 두 가지의 형태였으며 익년 7월까지도 근은 건조되거나 죽지 않았던 반면 뇌두도 형성되지 않았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1984

송이(松茸)는 적송(赤松)의 세근(細根)에 활물기생(活物寄生)한다고 하나 그 본질(本質)이 아직 구명(究明)되지 못하고 있음으로 인공재배(人工栽培) 확립(確立)이 모색(模索)되고 있는 중이다. 본논문(本論文)에서는 일차적(一次的)으로 송이(松茸)에서 순수분리(純粹分離)한 균(菌)을 배양(培養)하여 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하고 인공원기(人工原基)를 만들어 인공적(人工的)인 송이재배(松茸栽培)의 본질(本質)을 구명(究明)하여 송이재배(松茸栽培) 방법(方法)을 돕고자 송이균(松茸菌)의 생리특성(生理特性)에 대(對)하여 조사한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 각종(各種) 배양기상(培養基上)에서의 송이균계(松茸菌系)의 발육(發育)은 봉밀(蜂蜜)+송이발생토양전즙(松茸發生土壤煎汁)+적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物)+건조효모(乾燥酵母)+$KH_2PO_4$+Inositol+엽산(葉酸)+Biotin의 배지(培地)가 가장 우수(優秀)하였다. 2) 송이포자(松茸胞子)의 발아(發芽) 및 균계배양(菌系培養)에서 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $24^{\circ}C$, 최적(最適) pH는 4.5였다. 3) 송이균계배양(松茸菌系培養)에 있어서 송이자실체(松茸字實體)의 조직(組織)에서 분리(分離)한 것과 포자(胞子)에서 분리(分離)한 것은 그 발율(發育)에 차이(差異)가 없었다, 4) Hamada 배지(培地)에 각종(各種) 미량중금속염류(微量重金屬鹽類) $ZnSO_4$, $MnSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, $CaCl_2$ 구연산철(枸櫞酸鐵) 등(等)의 첨가(添加)는 별효과(別效果)가 없었다. 5) 적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物) 첨가(添加)는 균계발육(菌系發育)에 확실(確實)한 효과(效果)가 있었다. 적송(赤松)에는 송이균계(松茸菌系)의 생장(生長)을 촉진(促進)하는 인자(因子)가 존재(存在)한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 6) 송이균계(松茸菌系) 배양용(培養用) 인공배양기(人工培養基)의 C원(源)으로서 glucose보다 봉밀(蜂蜜)의 효과(效果)가 크다. 7) Fairy Ring이 가장 많이 존재(存在)하는 미생물(微生物)인 Mortierlla spp의 배양여액(培養濾液)을 송이균계(松茸菌系) 인공배양기(人工培養基)에 첨가(添加)한 것이 대조치(對照値)에 비(比)하여 균계(菌系)의 발육(發育)이 양호)良好)하였다. 8) 송이인공원기(松茸人工原基)의 배지(培地)에 적송수근추출물(赤松鬚根抽出物) lnsitol Biotin 엽산(葉酸)의 첨가(添加)는 효과(效果)가 크다. 균계(菌系)의 만연(蔓延)된 후(後) 온도(溫度)를 내려서 $19^{\circ}C$로 유지(維持)할 때 primordium의 형성(形成)을 확인(確認)하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.188-204
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• 1977

인삼(人蔘)의 유효성분(有效成分)으로 알려진 saponin을 Thin layer chromatography로 전개(展開)하여 Digital Densitometer를 사용(使用)하여 한국인삼(韓國人蔘)의 산지별(産地別), 부위별(部位別), 재배연도별(栽培年度別) saponin함량(含量) 및 그 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)를 정량(定量)하고, 홍삼(紅蔘) 및 인삼(人蔘)엑기스 제조중(製造中) 일어나는 saponin함량(含量)의 변화(變化)를 연구(硏究)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 산지별(産地別) saponin 함량(含量)에는 별로 차이(差異)가 없었으며, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin군(群)과 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 sapon군(群)의 조성비(組成比)는 ($1.7{\sim}2.6$) : 1정도였다. 2. 부위별(部位別)로 볼 때, saponin함량(含量)은 미삼(尾蔘)이 12.7%로서 3.3%인 백삼(白蔘)의 4배에 가까운 높은 값을보였다. 그리고 saponin fraction별(別)로 볼 때, panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction도 미삼(尾蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 많으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction은 반대(反對)로 미삼(尾蓼)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 적었다. TLC의 2차원전개결과(次元展開結果), ginsenoside-Rd는 백삼(白蔘)에만 나타나고, 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 나타나지 않는 반면(反面), Rf와 $Rg_1$은 미삼(尾蔘)에서는 분리(分離)되었으나, 백삼(白蔘)에서는 $Rg_1$만이 존재하고, Rf는 분리(分離)되지 않았다 3. 재배연도별(栽培年度別) 근부(根部)의 saponin함량(含量)은 재배기간(栽培其間)에 따라 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)을 찾아볼 수 없으나, 인삼근당평균(人蔘根當平均) saponin함량(含量)은 2년근(年根)이 90.3mg, 3년근(年根)이 254.2mg. 4년근(年根)이 404.2mg, 5년근(年根)이 996.9mg, 6년근(年根)이 1377.1mg으로 재배기간(栽培其間)이 길어질수록 현저(顯著)하게 높았다. 그리고 인삼지상부(人蔘地上部)의 saponin함량(含量)도 재배기간(栽培其間)에 길어질수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나, saponin fraction별(別)볼 때는 $5{\sim}6$년(年)의 수확기(收穫期)에 가까워질수록 panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 함량(含量)이 높았다. 4. 홍삼제조중(紅蔘製造中)의 saponin fraction별(別) panaxadiol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)도 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 낮아졌으나, panaxatriol을 aglycone으로 하는 saponin fraction의 조성비(組成比)는 건삼(乾蔘)에 비(比)하여 홍삼(紅蔘)이 오히려 높았다. 홍삼(紅蔘)의 Thin layer chromatogram에는 건삼(乾蔘)의 그것에 나타나지 않았던 수개(數個)의 미확인(未確認) spot를 더 볼 수 있었다. 5. Ethanol과 물로 미삼(尾蔘)을 추출(抽出)하여, 29.9%의 인삼(人蔘)엑기스를 얻었는데, 이 엑기스에는 미삼(尾蔘)으로부터 추출수율(抽出收率)이 94.2%에 상당(相當)하는 saponin이 이행(移行) 함유(含有)되어 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the responses of the remaining pulp tissue after pulpotomy upon the several kinds of $Ca(OH)_2$ products and the responses of periapical tissue upon some root canal filling materials after extirpation. For pulpotomy, the class V cavities were prepared on the premolars, molars and upper canines, and the pulp was amputated. Each drug was placed over the amputated tissue and cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. The drugs which were used for the study were Dycal (Caulk Co. U.S.A.), Cavitec (Kerr Co. U.S.A.), Calvital, Nobudyne and Neodyne (Neo Dental Chemical Products). For extirpation, the endodontic cavities were prepared on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth, and the pulp tissues were extirpated as routine method. After enlarging, irrigation, and measuring of root length by taking X-ray, each root canal filling material was filled in the canal with gutta percha cone, and endodontic cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Zinc oxide eugenol, $Ca(OH)_2$ (Eli Lilly Co. U.S.A.) and Vitapex (Neo Dental Chemical Products) were used as root canal filling materials. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3 and 6 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcified in formic acid, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Microscopic examination revealed as follows. 1. Dycal: The dentin bridge formation was observed at the 3rd week after pulpotomy. Inflammatory conditions which were infiltration of inflammatory cells and dilatation of blood vessels were kept in remaining pulp tissue at the 6th week. 2. Calvital: The dentin bridge was observed at the 1st week after pulpotomy. As the time clasped, the pulp tended to be the fibrous degeneration. 3. Cavitec, Nobudyne and Neodyne: In the case of Cavitec and Nobudyne, the incompleted and irregular dentin bridge was observed at the 6th week, and in Neodyne, was observed at the 3rd week. The severe inflammatory changes were seen in the remaining pulp tissue. As the time clasped, the fibrous degeneration tended to spread in the remaining pulp tissue. 4. $Ca(OH)_2$: Osteocementum was formed at the 3rd week, the matrix of cementum and dentin were resorted, and infiltration of lymphocytes was seen in periapical tissue when $Ca(OH)_2$ was used as canal-filling materials. S. ZOE and Vitapex The cementum like substance was seen in periapical portion at the 1st week, when ZOE and Vitapex were used as root canal filling materials. As the time elapsed, the matrix of cementum and dentin tended to be resorted. At the 6th week, the inflammatory condition of periapical tissue was continued in the case of ZOE, but was reduced in the case of Vitapex.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.24-24
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• 2021

The Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the major food crops in the tropical or subtropical regions. Recently, clean planting materials of improved cassava cultivars are in high demand. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus vulnerable and low rates of seed germination. Thus, the study was undertaken to develop an efficient in vitro mass propagation protocol of Manihot esculenta Crantz. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production from axillary buds of Cassava. Young and actively growing stem segments were excised from adult plants of cassava. Samples were cut into a 3~4 cm nodal segments with axillary buds, and cultivated in the different medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators for 4 weeks. For shoot multiplication, axillary buds approximately 1 cm in length were taken from in vitro derived shoots and subcultured. After 4~6 weeks, the shoot generation rate showed 55.6%. The shoot number and its length was 1.0/explant and 2.3 cm in the most favorable medium composition. The auxin β-indolebutyric acid(IBA) 0~2.0 mg/L was proved to be effective on root development. Plantlets with fibrous roots easily generated tuberous roots in vitro. The tuberous roots were induced only when both kinetin and IBA were used in combination. after 8 weeks, the root generation rate showed 100%. The root number and its length was 17.2/explant and 2.2 cm in the most promising medium composition. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2012

These studies were conducted to provide basic information on Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and to identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Angle of petiole and number of fibrous root showed a wide variation from $15.0{\sim}67.8^{\circ}$ and 0~5, respectively. The average plant length was 54.2cm with a range of 37.9~64.8cm and the average stem diameter was 5.6mm with a range of 4.0~7.5mm. The average stem length was 31.9cm with a range of 21.8~37.9cm and the average root weight was 38.1 g with a range of 23.0~52.0 g. The 24 Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines were classified into 4 groups based on agronomic characteristics using the complete linkage cluster analysis. The I, II, III and IV groups included the 60.8%, 7.4%, 13.1% and 8.7% of the cultivars and breeding lines, respectively. The breeding lines in group I could be characterized as the group with the highest growth characters and yield components, such as plant length, stem diameter and root weight. The root weight, the yield component, had highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, plant length and stem length.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1971

관비농법(灌肥農法)에 의한 사질계농지(砂質系農地)자원 개발을 목표로 동 농법에 의한 모래재배를 실시하고 본 농법의 생산성(生産性)을 높이기 위한 기초적 문제로써 칼슘 기타 양(陽)"이온"이 이십일(二十日)무의 생육(生育)과 근권환경(根圈環境)에 관련하여 하나의 생산성요인(生産性要因)을 이루고 있는 것으로 보이는 근계(根系)와 매지(媒地)의 상호작용(相互作用)(응립성(凝粒性))에 어떠한 영향(影響)을 미치는가를 실험하였다. 1. 고수준의 칼슘 및 고수준의 양이온(가리, 칼슘, 마그네슘)을 가진 관비(灌肥)는 모래에서 재배한 그 이일(二日)무우의 생육(生育) 특히 지하부(地下部) 생육(生育)을 촉진하고 수량(收量)을 증대하였다. 2. 고수준 칼슘 공급 및 고수준양이온 공급은 근계(根系)에 모래알을 응립(凝粒)케 하는 응립성을 현저히 증대시키고 있다. 3. 고수준칼슘 및 고수준양이온구에서 응립된모래와 세근(細根)의 Ca함량이 타(他)기관 및 재배상(栽培床)에 비하여 증대되고 있어 응립성에 Ca의 관여를 시사한다. 4. 일반적으로 지상부(地上部)의 Ca, Mg, Mn 함량은 지하부(地下部)보다 높으나 N.P.K는 양기관 사이 큰 차이가 없다. 5. 관비농법하 모래재배가 고도의 생산성을 나타내고 특히 고수준 칼슘 및 양이온공급이 생체중(生體重)과 수량(收量)을 증대하고 있는 것은 칼슘이 관여하는 근계(根系)와 매지(媒地)와의 상호작용 즉 응립성에 의하여 조성된 근권환경(根圈環境)에 연유하는 것으로 보았다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1983

With electron microscope, author studied on the pulp structure of human primary tooth in shedding stage. Non-carious human primary molar teeth were selected for this study. Using standard methods, specimens were sectioned and examined by light and electron microscope, The results were as follows; 1. In coronal pulp, odontoblasts were replaced by multinucleated odontoclasts, which contained a large number of mitochondria of varying shape and vacuoles in cytoplasm. Where odontoclasts were in contact with tooth surface, the characteristic ruffled border and clear zone were observed. 2. Fibrous tissue with plentiful collagen fibers and fibroblasts was observed adjacent to the dentin in the pulp. Fibroblast contained a number of mitochondria and well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Inflammatory cells were observed in the pulp and active fibroblasts could be seen between inflammatory cells. In many cases, cervical epithelium proliferated toward absorbed area. 4. Inflammatory cells consisted of a number of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Macrophage containing lysosomes in digestive state or phagocyting PMN could be seen. 5. In the primary molar of delayed root resorption, odontoblast layer, zone of Weil and cell-rich zone could be seen at roof of pulp chamber and odontoblast in this area cont과ained some lipid droplets.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.305-321
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• 2020

In this paper is presented the solution method for three-dimensional problem of transversely isotropic body's elastoplastic deformation by the finite element method (FEM). The process of problem solution consists of: determining the effective parameters of a transversely isotropic medium; construction of the finite element mesh of the body configuration, including the determination of the local minimum value of the tape width of non-zero coefficients of equation systems by using of front method; constructing of the stiffness matrix coefficients and load vector node components of the equation for an individual finite element's state according to the theory of small elastoplastic deformations for a transversely isotropic medium; the formation of a resolving symmetric-tape system of equations by summing of all state equations coefficients summing of all finite elements; solution of the system of symmetric-tape equations systems by means of the square root method; calculation of the body's elastoplastic stress-strain state by performing the iterative process of the initial stress method. For each problem solution stage, effective computational algorithms have been developed that reduce computational operations number by modifying existing solution methods and taking into account the matrix coefficients structure. As an example it is given, the problem solution of fibrous composite straining in the form of a rectangle with a system of circular holes.