• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

펄스 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 Co농도 변화에 따라 유리 기판 위에 ZnJ-xcoxo 박막을 제조하였다. Co 농도의 증가에 따라 $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ 박막의 c축 결정 배향성은 향상되었다. 표면 형상 분석을 통하여 매우 치밀한 박막이 성장되었음을 찰 수 있었다. 박막의 UV-visible투과율 측정 결과, $Co^{2+}$ 이온에 의한 sp-d상호교환 작용과 d-d 천이를 확인할 수 있었다. $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ 박막의 비저항은 $10^{-2}\~10^{-3}\;\Omega{\cdot}cm$의 값을 가지며 Co농도의 증가에 따라 박막의 비저항은 증가하였고, 특히 $30\;at\%$ Co에서는 박막의 결정성 저하로 인하여 급격한 비저항 증가가 발생하였다. X-ray photoelecoon specooscopy분석을 통해 Co와 O 간의 결합 상태를 확인하였으며, alternating gradient magnetometer측정 결과 $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ 박막의 상온 강자성 치력 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 낮은 비저항 및 상온 강자성 이력 특성을 갖는 $Zn_{1-x}Co_{x}O$ 박막은 자성 반도체 소자로의 응용 가능성을 나타내었다 .

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2001

The present study was performed to compare effects of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM) on periodontal fenestration defect in rats. Twelve adult male rats weighing 500 to 540 grams were used in this study. Periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur(${\Phi}1mm$) at the left side of buccal surface of the mandible. The defect size was from anterior border of the first molar to anterior of the ascending ramus mesiodistally and from just below the alveolar crest to apically 1.5-2mm area apicocoronally with 2mm in depth. Rats were divided into control group, test group I and II. Four defects were assigned to the test group I grafted with DBBM and other 4 defects were assigned to the test group II grafted with DFDBA. The rest of defects were the negative control group. At 10 days and 35 days after surgery, 12 rats were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and specimens were obtained prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the control group, new bone, osteoid, dense connective tissue were observed in the defects at 10 days. new bone formation was not found but loose connective tissue was formed in the defect and fibrous encapsulation of graft materials was shown in two test groups at 10 days. 2. In all groups, new bone formation was shown in the defect at 35 days. And in the control group, bone formation increased at 35 days than at 10 days. 3. In the test group I and II at 35 days, graft materials were combined with new bone and joined host bone. There was very close contact between new bone, graft materials, and host bone with no gaps. 4. In the test group I and II, new bone formation was similar to that in the control group but not exeeded. In conclusion, in the test group I new bone formation was similar to that in the test group II at 35 days, but there was infiltration of inflammatory cells at 10 days. DFDBA and DBBM were considered as the biocompatible graft materials and effective in the regeneration of new bone.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 1992

단백소화율에 미치는 식이 섬유소의 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해, 채소류(상치, 깻잎, 고추. 다시마)로부터 추출한 식이 섬유소와 시판용 정제 식이 섬유소 (cellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, gum karaya)를 어류 단백질인 말쥐치 단백질(냉동건조육 및 myofibrils)에 첨가 반응시켜, 단백질 의 소화율에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는가에 대해 알아보았다. 각 시료의 중성세제 추출섬유소 (neutral detergent fiber) 함량은 24.21%(고추) 9.75%(다시마)의 범위였고, 산성세제 추출섬유소 (acid detergent fiber) 함량은 20.85%(고추) 11.97%(깻잎)의 범위였으며, 수용성 섬유소 함량은 13.79%(다시마) 4.41%(상치)의 범위였다. 말쥐치 단백질에 대한 식이 섬유소의 반응 비율을 1 : 1 (wt/wt)로 하고, 37$^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 반응시켰을 때. 말쥐치 단백소화율은 정제 식이 섬유소 첨가의 경우, 1.52%(cellulose) 9.97%(pectin)가 감소되었고. 추출한 식이 섬유소 첨가의 경우, 5.15%(고추) 12.36%(다시마)가 감소되었다. 섬유소의 trypsin 활성저해능은 단백소화율이 감소함에 따라 증가하여, ANRC casein에 대한 soybean trypsin inhibitor 22mg/g (cellulose) 61.82mg/g(gum karaya), 49.75mg/g(고추) 171.52mg/g(상치)에 상응하는 것으로 나타났다. 정제 식이 섬유소에 의한 단백분해효소의 활성 변화는 sodium alginate를 제외하고는 거의 없어, 어류 단백소화율의 저하는 식이 섬유소가 단백질에 직접 결합하여 비소화성 물질을 형성한 결과가 주도하리라 생각되었다. 말쥐치 단백질과 섬유소를 반응시킨 것을 효소 가수분해시킨 후에 측정한 유리 필수 아미노산의 함량은 sodium alginate와 다시마 섬유소의 경우 현저하게 저하하였으며(75% 이상), isoleucine과 valine이 크게 영향을 받았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국산(韓國産) 단풍나무속(屬) 12종류(種類)(8종(種), 3변종(變種), 1품종(品種))의 탁엽(托葉)의 형태적(形態的) 특징(特徵)에 의한 분류(分類)를 시도(試圖)한 것이며, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 단풍나무속(屬)의 탁엽(托葉)은 4~10개(個)로 대생(對生)하며 단엽(單葉), 장상복엽(掌狀複葉)과 단신복엽(單身複葉)으로 되어있고, 엽맥(葉脈)은 곡주맥(曲走), 기저망상맥(基底網狀脈), 장상망맥(掌狀網脈) 평행망(平行脈)을 가지며 털은 단연모(短軟毛), 혼선유모(混腺柔毛), 밀선모(密線毛), 선모(腺毛), 연모(緣毛), 견모(絹毛)와 장연모(長軟毛)가 있어서, 탁엽(托葉)의 형태(形態)는 종(種)을 식별(識別)하는데 중요(重要)한 허점(據點)이 되었다, 2) 단풍나무속(屬) 탁엽(托葉)의 형태적(形態的) 특징(特徵)에 의해서 6가지 형태(形態) 즉, (1)ginnala형(型)(신나무), (2)koreanum형(型)(노인단풍, 참단풍, 좁은단풍), (3)mono형(型)(고로쇠나무, 홍단풍, 홍세열단풍, 청세열단풍), (4)negundo형(型)(네군도단풍), (5)palmatum형(型)(단풍나무), (6)platanoides형(型)(놀웨이단풍, 만주고로쇠)로 분류(分類)할 수 있었다. 3) platanoides형(型)과 negundo형(型)의 탁엽(托葉)은 단풍나무속내(屬內) 수종(樹種)들 중에서 진화(進化)가 가잘 덜된 형태(形態)를 가지고 있었다. 4) 단풍나무속(屬)의 탁엽(托葉)은 엽병(葉柄)이 진화(進化)되어 보호기능면(保護機能面)으로 변태(變態)된 내맥아린(內脈芽鱗)이 성장(成長)되어 형성(形成)된 것이었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2001

하순 및 하악골 정중열은 매우 드문 선천성 기형으로 , 하순절흔에서부터 하악은 물론 경부, 흉부까지 연장되어 다양하게 나타날 수 있으며, 원인은 확실하지 않으나 정중부로의 중배엽의 침투 실패, 하악돌기의 유합부전 그리고 외부 요인들이 논의되고 있다. 치료방법 및 시기에 관해서는 임상소견이 다양하고 증례가 드물기 때문에 많은 논란이 있어왔다. 그러나 현재의 경향은 연조직 기형은 연하 및 발음의 기능적 장애를 예방하기 위하여 가능한 조기에 치료하며, 악골고정을 위한 강선 결찰 혹은 골이식술은 사춘기 후로 미루는 추세이다. 본 교실에서는 저작 장애를 주소로 내원한 8세 여자 환자의 임상소견에서 하악골 정중열과 하순의 수술로 인한 반흔조직 및 하순에서부터 치조골을 가로지르는 섬유성 소대 등을 발견할 수 있었으며, 하악의 정중열을 장골 이식을 이용 하여 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 추후 하순과 순. 설측 전정의 연조직 기형은 심미성과 기능 향상을 위해 부가적인 술식이 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.746-757
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• 1996

Bony defects may be found as a result of congenital anomalies, traumatic injury, automobile collisions and industrial accidents in the maxillofacial area. Such conditions are often associated with severs functional and esthetic problem. Various surgical procedure has been utilized in attempts to repair and reconstruct bony defects. Bone is a complex, living, constantly changing tissue. The architecture and composition of cancellous and cortical bone allow the skeleton to perform its essential mechanical functions. Periosteum covers the external surface of bone and consists of two layers : an outer fibrous layer and an inner more cellular and vascular layer. The inner osteogenic layer or cambium layer can form new bone while the outer layer firms part of the insertions of tendons, ligaments and muscles. This study was under taken to evaluate bone healing process on partial defect of calvarial bone with or without periosteum in rat. We made calvarial defects of different size(4mm, 6mm, 8mm) with periosteum or without periosteum in rat to study the effect of defect size on healing process. Control and experimental groups sacrified at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks, postoperatively. We examed the specimens by gloss findings, light microscophy, and fluorescent microscophy. The results were as follows. 1. Gloss findings: Control groups are larger bony defects than experimental groups after 2 weeks, and than control groups advanced healing of defected bone but experimental groups are lesser after 4, 6 weeks. After 8 weeks, bone defect has not been identified in control and experimental groups. 2. Light microscope: All defects of control groups are larger bony defects than experimental groups after 2 weeks. And than control groups show smaller defect after 4 weeks. After 8 weeks, the control group reveal pin-point sized, hardly identifiable defect space and the experimental group reveal small, but definite defect space. 3. Fluorescent microscope : Each week, new bone formation of control group is very similar to the experimental group. In this study, Osteogenesis of calvarial bone defects with periosteum or without periosteum was examined for 8 weeks in rats. The replaced periosteum had batter new bone formation than the removed periosteum.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

Failure to use effective methods of reduction, fixation and immobilization may lead to osteomyelitis with the exposed necrotic bone, as the overzealous use of transosseous wires & plates that devascularizes bone segments in the compound comminuted fractures of mandible. Once osteomyelitis secondary to fractures has become established, intermaxillary fixation should be instituted as early as possible. Fixation enhances patient comfort and hinders ingress of microorganisms and debris by movement of bone fragments. Teeth and foreign materials that are in the line of fracture should be removed and initial debridement performed at the earliest possible time. Grossly necrotic bone should be excised as early as possible ; no attempt should be made to create soft tissue flaps to achieve closure over exposed bone. The key to treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible is adequate and prolonged soft tissue drainage. If good soft tissue drainage is provided over a long period, sequestration of infected bone followed by regeneration or fibrous tissue replacement will occur so that appearance and function are not seriously altered. Localization and sequestration of infected mandible are far better performed by natural mechanism of homeostasis than by cutting across involved bone with a cosmetic or functional defect. As natural host defenses and conservative therapy begin to be effective, the process may become chronic, inflammation regresses, granulation tissue is formed, and new blood vessels cause lysis of bone, thus separating fragments of necrotic bone(sequestra) from viable bone. The sequestra may be isolated by a bed of granulation tissue, encased in a sheath of new bone(involucrum), and removed easily with pincettes. This is a case report of the long-term conservative drainage care in osteomyelitis associated with mandibular fractures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and the biorsorbability of several types of calcium polyphosphate made through change of manufacturing process for 12 month. To solve limitation of calcium phosphate, we developed a new ceramic, Calcium Polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP blocks were prepared by condensation of anhydrous $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$ to form non-crystalline $Ca(PO_3)_2$ and then milled to produce CPP powder. CPP powder, CPP block, and CPP granules added with $Na_2O$ were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 months later. Like 3 months results, histologic observation at 12 months revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any adverse tissue reaction, CPP powder show direct bony contact, but new bone formation and fibrous tissue encapsulation showed in CPP block. 10% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show more inflammatory cells infiltration around graft materials compared at 3 month, but 15% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show less. This result revealed that regardless of addition of $Na_2O$, CPP had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of $Na_2O$ help biodegradation but optimal concentration of $Na_2O$ and other additive component to increase degradation rate should be determined in further study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.382-396
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) granules in 2-stage sinus floor augmentation through the radiographic and histomorphometric assessment of bone biopsy specimens. Methods: Two-stage sinus floor augmentation was performed on 13 patients with a total of 17 implants. Radiographic assessment using panoramic radiographs was performed immediately after augmentation and was also performed 2 additional times, at 7±2 months and 18±2 months post-augmentation, respectively. Bone biopsy specimens taken from planned implant placement sites underwent micro-computed tomography, after which histological sections were prepared. Results: Postoperative healing of the sinus floor augmentation was uneventful in all cases. The mean preoperative residual bone height was 3.5±1.3 mm, and this was increased to 13.3±1.7 mm by augmentation with the CO₃Ap granules. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 10.7±1.9 mm by 7±2 months after augmentation; however, implants with lengths in the range of 6.5 to 11.5 mm could still be placed. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 9.6±1.4 mm by 18±2 months post-augmentation. No implant failure or complications were observed. Few inflammatory cells or foreign body giant cells were observed in the bone biopsy specimens. Although there were individual differences in the amount of new bone detected, new bone was observed to be in direct contact with the CO₃Ap granules in all cases, without an intermediate layer of fibrous tissue. The amounts of bone and residual CO₃Ap were 33.8%±15.1% and 15.3%±11.9%, respectively. Conclusions: In this first demonstration, low-crystalline CO₃Ap granules showed excellent biocompatibility, and bone biopsy showed them to be replaced with bone in humans. CO₃Ap granules are a useful and safe bone substitute for two-stage sinus floor augmentation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 1994

연구배경: 기관 및 기관지결핵으로 인한 반흔성 기도협착으로 호흡곤란을 호소하는 환자들을 대상으로 Nd-YAG 레이저치료를 시행하고 그 효과를 조사하였다. 방법: 기관 및 기관지결핵으로 기도내경이 1~4mm로 심한 반흔성 기도협착이 있는 환자들을 대상으로 하였으며, 기도협착을 내시경소견에 따라 횡경막형, 허탈형 및 복합형으로 분류하고 허탈형의 기도협착은 치료대상에서 제외하고 횡경막형과 복합형의 기도협착이 있는 10명의 환자들을 대상으로 굴곡성기관지경을 통해 Nd- YAG 레이저 치료를 시행하였다. 치료효과는 치료 후 1개월에 주관적인 증상의 호전과 객관적인 검사성적의 호전 유무를 조사하여 평가하였다. 결과: 1) 기도협착의 형태는 횡경막형 1예, 복합형이 9예로 대부분 복합형이었다. 2) 기도협착 부위는 기관 2예, 좌주기관지 6예 등이었고 증상발현 기간은 12.7개월이었다. 3) 레이저치료 횟수는 평균 3.3회였고 총조사량은 평균 865 joule이었다. 4) 기도내경은 치료전 평균 1.8mm에서 치료 후 5.5mm로 유의하게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 5) 10예 가운데 8예에서 측정한 노력성폐활량(FVC)은 치료 전 평균 2.62L에서 치료 후 3.04L로 유의하게 증가되었고, 노력성폐활량 1초치도 평균 1.81L에서 치료 후 2.22L로 유의하게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 6) 10예 가운데 8예는 치료 후 호전되었으나 성대 직하방에서 용골까지 심한 기도협착이 광범위하게 있었던 1예와 기관지의 굴곡변형이 심했던 1예는 호전이 없었다. 7) 출혈 및 천공과 같은 레이저치료에 따르는 합병증은 없었으며 치료 후 호전되었던 8예는 평균 31.9개월 간의 추적기간 동안 이러한 호전이 지속되었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 기관 및 기관지결핵으로 인한 반흔성 기도협착이 있는 환자에서 기관지경적적 Nd-YAG 레이저치료는 기도협착의 개선에 도움이 되는 것으로 생각된다.