• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the fibrillar pattern of the Achilles tendon on ultrasonography (US) and functional outcomes in patients who underwent open tendon repair after Achilles tendon rupture. Materials and Methods: Data of 44 patients who had been subjected to US at least 6 months after repair, during the period between July 2012 and July 2019 were reviewed. Those with bilateral tendon rupture, re-rupture, open injury, and chronic or insertional rupture, were excluded from the review. We divided them into two groups, the homogenous group (HoP) and the heterogenous group (HeP) based on the fibrillar pattern on US. We also divided the HoP into linear and wavy subgroups, and the HeP into no hypoechoic lesion and hypoechoic lesion subgroups. The rupture type of the Achilles tendon, radiographic factors including US and magnetic resonance images, patient-related, surgical factors, and clinical results at the last visit after repair were assessed retrospectively. Results: The tendon thickness was 11.4±1.7 mm in the HoP, and 14.5±3.0 mm in the HeP (p<0.001). A shredded pattern was observed in 17 cases (65.4%) in the HoP, and in 17 cases (94.4%) in the HeP (p=0.031). The mean value of the number of sutures used was 8.9±3.05 in the HoP and 11.39±1.75 in the HeP (p=0.001). The mean value of the difference in calf circumference was 0.9±0.67 cm in the HoP and 1.36±0.71 cm in the HeP (p=0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in the fibrillar patterns and patient-related factors. Conclusion: The fibrillar pattern observed after repair was correlated with the functional outcome and showed a significant relationship with the rupture pattern and the number of sutures used. Therefore, we suggest a careful individualized postoperative rehabilitation protocol to maximize functional outcomes by referring to the fibrillar pattern in US, especially in shredded ruptures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1998

Benign vocal fold lesions such as polyps, nodules and edema are known to be caused by vocal trauma such as voice misuse and/or abuse. Even though these lesions are known to be caused by the same etiology, phonotrauma, they show widely different clinical features and different responses to voice therapy. Previous studies suggested that benign vocal fold lesions represent disturbance in the balance of the extracellular matrix(ECM) constituents of the vocal folds. Collagen is one of the major constituents of ECM. Among collagens, fibrillar collagens are most important ones for maintaining the structural integrity. On the basis of gross morphology, vocal polyps wert divided into angiomatous one and edematous one, and nodules were divided into conical one and sessile one. In these four groups, the pattern of distribution of various fibrillar collagens(type 1, 2, 3, 5) was studied by immunohistochemical staining using paraffin embedded tissues. Within each group, differences among collagen subtypes were insignificant. In edematous polyp, collagens were sparsely dispersed in lamina propria by diffuse edema. In angiomatous polyp, collagens were displaced into submucosal layer by hemorrhagic space. In nodules, collagens were stained compactly in lamina propria. Quite different distributions of fibrillar collagens between polyps and nodules are thought to suggest that vocal polyps and nodules are totally different disorders in their pathophysiology.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2020

Ultrasound (US) imaging is an efficient, easy to use, rapid, dynamic, noninvasive, with rare side-effects and inexpensive tool allowing for facilitated diagnosis and management of the painful shoulder. It also has advantages over other imaging modalities in the evaluation of the postoperative shoulder for rotator cuff integrity and correct anchor and suture placement, as well as rotator cuff analysis following repair surgery. Early postoperative tendons frequently had a hypo- echoic echo texture and the absence of a fibrillar pattern, which might be misinterpreted as recurrent tears. however, these features often normalized into tendons with an increased echo texture and the reappearance of a fibrillar pattern at 6 months. Based on these sequential findings, the US findings within 3 months after surgery should be interpreted with caution to accurately understand and monitor the repaired tendon status.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.334-341
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• 2023

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries are the most common cause of ankle sprains. To ensure anatomically accurate surgery and ultrasound imaging of the ATFL, anatomical knowledge of the bony landmarks around the ATFL attachment to the distal fibula is required. The purpose of the present study was to anatomically investigate the ATFL attachment to the fibula with respect to bone morphology and attachment structures. First, we analyzed 36 feet using micro-computed tomography. After excluding 9 feet for deformities, the remaining 27 feet were used for chemically debrided bone analysis and macroscopic and histological observations. Ten feet of living specimens were observed using ultrasonography. We found that a bony ridge was present at the boundary between the attachments of the ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) to the fibula. These two attachments could be distinguished based on a difference in fiber orientation. Histologically, the ATFL was attached to the anterodistal part of the fibula via fibrocartilage anterior to the bony ridge indicating the border with the CFL attachment. Using ultrasonography in living specimens, the bony ridge and hyperechoic fibrillar pattern of the ATFL could be visualized. We established that the bony ridge corresponded to the posterior margin of the ATFL attachment itself. The ridge was obvious, and the superior fibers of the ATFL have directly attached anteriorly to it. This bony ridge could become a valuable and easy-to-use landmark for ultrasound imaging of the ATFL attachment if combined with the identification of the fibrillar pattern of the ATFL.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 1999

Monoclonal antibody for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiol (THC Ab), conjugated with protein A-gold, was employed as a probe to detect THC localization in the gland and subjacent cells of chemically fixed bracts of Cannabis. THC was detected in the outer wall of the disc cells, fibrillar matrix, the surface feature of secretory vesicles, and sheath throughout development of the secretory cavity. The probe was absent from vesicles. Label was also present in anticlinal walls of disc cells and walls of dermal and mesophyll cells. Little or no THC Ab was present in disc cells and none were detected in control tissues. This distribution pattern of THC Ab was similar to that in tissues prepared by high pressure cryofixation-cryosubstitution. Consistent association of THC with wall and wall-derived materials suggests that cannnabinoids are synthesized outside the plasma membrane and bound to a wall component, where-upon they are transported to the cavity with wall materials released from the disc cell wall during development of the secretory cavity.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

Prymnesium patelliferum was collected from Hwajinpo, South Korea in November 2002. This is the first record of P. patelliferum in Korea waters. The characteristic shape of P. patelliferum was that of a rice grain. Cells were sub spherical or elongate, and sometimes slightly compressed. The motile cells of P. patelliferum (8-10 ㎛ long, 5-6 ㎛ broad) prossessed two equal or sub equal flagella(10.5-13 ㎛) and a short non-coiling haptonema (3-5 ㎛). The cell was covered by two layers of organic scales, which were important taxonomic characteristics. Internal scales were a narrow inflexed rim on the distal face, a thickening central and radial fibrillar pattern. External scales were very similar to internal scales with relatively tall upright rims. The ridges were in quadrants with 11-12 ridges per quadrant.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-149
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• 1992

In order to verify the acceleration effect of low level laser (LLL) on oral mucosal wound healing process at cell biological level, the author studied growth pattern and ultrastructure in human gingival fibroblasts flashed by GaAlAs LLL-830 nm, 15mW for 10 minutes/flash one to three times at interval of 3-4 days through the evaluation of cell growth rate, protein conent/cell, DNA content/cell and ultrastructural changes for 14 days. The results were as follows : 1. The growth rate in gingival fibloblasts treated by LLL showed 4 orderly stages-decreasing stage after LLL treatment, acute increasing stage 3 days after LLL treatment, restring stage and recovering stage. 2. The effect of multiple flashes on LLL at interval of 3 days more or less was not proportional to times of flash on acceleration of growth in gingival fibroblasts. 3. The total protein content per gingival fibroblast was not significantly changed by LLL treatment in comparison with control group. But some kinds of protein which might be cell growth promoting factors were decreased immediately after LLL treatment, thereafter were acutely increased in cellular protein profile. 4. In ultrastructural changes of gingival fibroblasts treated by LLL, more prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial hyperplasia/hypertrophy and increased extracellular fibrillar matrix were observed in comparison with control group under same experimental period.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.479-487
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• 2012

Biological attachment device is optimized in insect legs for attachment onto the variety of natural substrate. We have studied the microstructural characteristics of the tarsal appendages in the ladybug Harmonia axyridis using scanning electron microscopy to reveal the attachment system of their legs. The attachment devices are composed of claws and adhesive pads. The claws are connected with pretarsal segment, and their apical diverged hooks are developed to hold rough substrates. In contrast, the adhesive pads have an adhesive function onto smooth surface. The pads are interspersed at the ventral part of each tarsomere, and are composed of two kinds of hairy setae. The discoid tip seta (DtS) has a spoon-shaped endplate usually with a rounded concave structure, whereas the pointed tip seta (PtS) has a pointed tip, usually with a hooked endplate. While the PtS is broadly localized concentrically on the marginal area of both the proximal and distal pads, the DtS can be seen at the central areas of each adhesive pad except for the hind legs. Our findings demonstrate the presence of the direction-dependence pattern of the fibrillar system as well as a functional modification of the tenent setae to achieve proper contact with almost any kind of substrates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.598-604
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• 1992

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and acounts for 6% to 15% of all cases of childhood cancer, Rhabdomyosarcoma in seventh most common form of childhood neoplasms, following acute leukemia, tumors of the central nervous system, lymphoma neuroblastoma, Wilm`s tumor, bone tumor. Rhabdomyosarcoma can arise anywhere in the body, but primary site in the thorax is relatively rare. We experienced a case of aveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising from intercostal muscle, A 12 year-old woman was suffered from the intermittent left chest pain radiating to the scapular area and dyspnea, On physical examination, pulmonary friction rub was heard on the left upper lobe area. Qn adimission, the chest simple radiography revealed a 7 x 6, 5cm sized radio-opaque mass with pleural effusion in the superior mediastinum and the CT showed a well difined radio-opaque mass including the destructed 2nd rib and pleural effusion. The percutaneous tra-nsthoracic needle aspiration biopsy was likely to show blastoma. After the chemotherapy[vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamde] was done to treat blastoma, the pleural effussion was subsided and the mass was slightly decreased by 4.5x 4. 5cm. For treatment and diagnosis, we performed en-bloc resection and the defected chest was reconstucted with Gortex patch. Grossly, the specimen was colored graysh-white and arised in between two ribs The microscopic findings showed that the tumor cells were small round with scant pinkish cytoplasm on the H-E stain and the tumor cell nests were grouped by reticulum fibers and showed alveolar pattern on the silver stain The electromicroscopic finding presented that the cytoplasm contained tangled fibrillar and flocculent materials. The histopathologic findings were compatable with laveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. She was discharged without any complication. After discharge, she has been treated with radiation theraphy and chemotheraphy, and not recurred untill last follow-up We report a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising to intercostal muscle, developed in 12 year-old waman, with brief review of literatures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1997

Tetracycline is known to be effective in eliminating periodontopathogens and have collagenolytic activity. This study was performed to observe the desorption kinetics and structural changes of tetracycline-treated barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration. Four kinds of barrier membranes were tested : $Tefgen^{(R)}$(American Custom Medical, USA) and $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$(W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) as nonresorbable membranes ; Resolut(polyglycolide & polylactide copolymer, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) and $Biomend^{(R)}$(collagen, Collatec Co., USA) as resorbable membranes. The membranes were cut into discs(diameter : 4mm) and were immersed in 5% tridodecylmethylammonium chloride(TIMAC) ethanol and air-dried. The membrane discs were absorbed with $100{\mu}g/ml tetracycline solution(pH8) for one minute and dried. For desorption kinetics, TC treated discs were immersed in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4). PBS was exchanged daily and TC concentration was measured by absorbance at 276nm on UV spectrophotometer. To measure remaining antibacterial activity, discs of 1 day to 4 weeks after desorption were placed on Mueller Hinton agar containing Bacillus cereus and incubated aerobically in $37^{\circ}C$ for twelve hours and the inhibition diameters were measured. To observe the structural change of membranes after TIMAC treatment or immersion in PBS, the membrane discs were examined under SEM. The results were as follows : 1. Total amounts of TC absorbed into membrane discs($0.7536mm^2$) were $2000{\mu}g$, $1800{\mu}g$, $2625{\mu}g$ and $2499{\mu}g$ for $Tefgen^{(R)}$, $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$, $Biomend^{(R)}$ and $Resolut^{(R)}$. 2. The concentration of TC released from barrier membrane discs was maintained over $4{\mu}g/ml$ until the fifth day in nonresorbable membranes and $Resolut^{(R)}$, but until the fourth day in $Biomend^{(R)}$, Until the ninth day in nonresorbable membranes and until the seventh day in resorbable membranes, the TC concentration was maintained over $1{mu}g/ml$. 3. The four membrane discs in the first day showed similar size of inhibition zone. One to four weeks later, the inhibition zone was much smaller in resorbable membrane discs than nonresorbable membrane discs. 4. Any structural change due to treatment of TIMAC was not observed on the nonresorbable membranes. $Resolut^{(R)}$ did not show any structural change except fibrillar loosening during immersion period, but Biomend showed destruction of membrane structure from the first week of immersion. This study indicates that tetracycline treated barrier membranes lead to the sustained release of tetracycline for over 7 days. This slow release pattern of tetracycline may contribute to the favorable clinical outcome of guided tissue regeneration.