• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1021-1021
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• 2001

Sample presentation, which means how to set samples to an NIR instrument, is very important in Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. When sample presentation is not suitable for the samples that you use, very good spectra can not be obtained even if you use a sophisticated NIR instrument. In my presentation, various NIR sample presentations for agricultural products such as intact fruits, single grains, vegetable juice and the others will be explained. In case of peaches with thin peel, the fiber optics of Interactance can be used. However, the fiber optics are not suitable for oranges with relatively thick peel. In this case, transmittance method is useful. As for a small sample such as single grains, a specially designed cell is needed. The cell in transmittance mode has been developed and then applied to single kernels of rice and soybean. In this case we also used the fiber optics. As regards liquid type of sample, a cuvette cell made of quartz in transmittance mode is popular. However, it is time-consuming to wash and dry it. In order to compensate this disadvantage the sample presentation using normal test tubes as sample cells have been developed and applied to milk, rumen juice and urine of a milking cow. An individual test tube can be used for each sample if you use the calibration equation with sample cell compensation. The test tube cell has also been applied to spinach juice for determination of undesirable constituents. It is concluded that sample presentation is most important for NIR Spectroscopy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1995

The industrial procedure for the preparation of dietary fiber material from Lentinus edodes by drying and grinding process was developed. The chemical composition of dietary fiber of mycelia was as follows; crude protein: 16.16%, crude fat: 2.96%, crude ash: 3.25% and carbohydrates: 77.63%. The mycelia contained total dietary fiber of 54.5%. The 40 mesh pass of dietary fiber exhibited water-holding capacity 7.39g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.03g oil/g, while $40{\sim}80$ mesh of dietary fiber had water-holding capacity 7.80g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.77g oil/g.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 1999

The increase in color depth of polyester fiber dyed with black disperse dyes was investigated with respect to the kinds of resins and alkali treatment. The color depth of the dyed polyester fiber increased continuously according to the concentration of resins coated onto the fabrics. The alkali treatment to polyester fiber before dyeing also enhanced the color depth. It was thought that the polyester fiber was hydrolyzed by alkali resulting micropores on the sample. And the following treatment with a resin, Jet Black T-101, to the polyester fiber increased the color depth much higher. The successive process of alkali treatment, dyeing and Jet Black T-101 treatment could give the best color depth to polyester fiber. Although the alkali treatment reduced the tensile strength of polyester fiber, the color depth of polyester fiber enhanced sufficiently within the range of practically acceptable weight loss and strength. To analyze the micropore on the polyester fiber formed by alkali treatment, nitrogen porosimeter was used. As the weight loss of polyester fiber treated with alkali increased, the BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size of the sample increased.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2002

A series of waterbome poly(urethane-urea) anionomers were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), ethylene diamine (EDA), and triethylamine (TEA), NaOH, or Cu($(COOCH_3)_2$) as neutralizing agent. This study was performed to decide the effect of neutralizing agent type on the particle size viscosity, hydrogen bonding index, adhesive strength, antistaticity, antibacterial and mechanical properties. The particle size of the dispersions decreased in the following order: TEA based samples (T-sample), NaOH based samples (N-sample), and Cu($(COOCH_3)_2$) based sample (C-sample). The viscosity of the dispersions increased in the order of C-sample, N-sample, and T-sample. Metal salt based film samples Of and C-sample) had much higher antistaticity than TEA based sample. By infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the hydrogen bonding index (or fraction) of samples decreased in the order of T-sam-pie, N-sample, and C-sample. The adhesive strength and tensile modulus/strength decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sam-pie, and C-sample. The C-sample had strong antibacterial halo, however, T- and N-samples did not

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The fibrogram theory is newly derived from the superposition principle of the conventional staple diagram, in which the left-hand ends of the fibers have to share a common starting point in order for the fiber length distribution to be measured, and the right-hand ends of the fibers form points. It is shown that the fibrogram is the staple diagram of the fiber sample having different random starting points, as well as the double cumulative distribution function of the frequency length function in the length biased sample. Also, the various means, viz. the numerical mean length, numerical mean length in median, length biased mean length, and length biased mean length in median, and the various upper half means, viz. the numerical upper half mean length, numerical upper half mean length in median, length biased upper half mean length, and length biased upper half mean length in median, are discussed in relation to the cotton blending process.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 2007

The single-modal Weibull model has been assessed on Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber if a set of shape and scale parameters accurately reproduced the effect of the size of the diameter on strength. The tensile data of a single fiber have been divided into two expedient groups as 'small diameter' group and 'large diameter' group in deriving the parameters, which should be consistent if the Weibull model accurately reproduced the size effect. However, the derived Weibull parameters were inconsistent between the two groups. Thereby the authors have concluded that the parameters of the single-modal Weibull model are dependent on the fiber diameter, so that the model is inadequate to reproduce the strength size effect. On the other hand, Weibull parameters were found consistent between the two groups by excluding the data of 'large mirror zone' sample, which was defined as the sample around 10% mirror zone area of the fracture surface. What is more, the exclusion reduced the strength variance more drastically in the 'large diameter' group than in the 'small diameter' group, even though the 'large mirror zone' samples were found identical in the percentage between the two groups. The authors therefore conclude that diameter limitation to the 'small diameter' group level can lead to drastically less distributed strength values than the estimated strength through the Weibull scaling on the present Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3444-3450
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• 2013

Three phase hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), which is faster, simpler and uses a more environmentally friendly sample-preparation technique, was developed for the analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. For the effective simultaneous extraction/concentration of NSAIDs by three phase HF-LPME, parameters (such as extraction organic solvent, pH of donor/acceptor phase, stirring speed, salting-out effect, sample temperature, and extraction time) which influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. NSAIDs were extracted and concentrated from 4 mL of aqueous solution at pH 3 (donor phase) into dihexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber, and then extracted into the acceptor phase at pH 13 located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After the extraction, 5 ${\mu}L$ of the acceptor phase was directly injected into the HPLC/UV system. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of seven NSAIDs was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 150 mm length, 5 ${\mu}m$ particle size) column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (30:70) at a HPLC-UV/Vis system. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, dihexyl ether; $pH_{donor}$, 3; $pH_{acceptor}$, 13; stirring speed, 1500 rpm; NaCl salt, 10%; sample temperature, $60^{\circ}C$; and extraction time, 45 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 59 and 260. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of 5-15 ng/mL and 15-45 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recovery and precision obtained were between 58 and 136% and below 15.7% RSD, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.015-0.96 ng/mL with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.997. The established method can be used to analyse of NSAIDs of low concentration (ng/mL) in urine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.392-410
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of Alismatis Lhizoma on hyperlipidemia, experimental studies were performed on hyperlipidemia rats. Hyperlipidemia model (controll group) was induced by 1% cholesterol fed-diet for 8 weeks. Sample I group fed with 1% cholesterol and 4% Alismatis Lhizoma diet for 8 weeks. Sample II group fed with 1% cholesterol and 8% Alismatis Lhizoma diet for 8 weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured, and fat accumulation in liver and the change of elastic and collagenous fiber in aortic wall were observed. The results were summurized as follows ; 1. The content of total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 2. The content of triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 3. The content of free fat acid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 4. The content of phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 7. The lipophagy in liver compared with control group tended to be repressed in sample group. 8. The change of elastic and collagenous fiber lesion in tunica media of aortic wall, compared with control group tended to be repressed in sample group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Alismatis Lhizoma has a valid effect on hyperlipidemia. And yet, it needs to make further researches that sample I group showed more significant value than sample II group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1823-1829
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• 2016

This study investigated the optimal percentage of brownies substituted with rice bran dietary fiber (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). The sample and control were compared for quality characteristics, specific gravity, viscosity, pH, moisture content, water activity, specific volume, color, textural characteristic, consumer acceptance, and CATA (check-all-that-apply). The specific gravity of the control sample was not significantly different among the samples. The viscosity was highest at the brownie containing 12% of rice bran dietary fiber. Moisture content and water activity were highest in the 6% sample. pH of control sample batter was highest, but reduced with increasing amounts of rice bran dietary fiber. For colors, lightness of the 6% sample batter was highest at 25.31, and redness and yellowness significantly increased with increasing amounts of rice bran dietary fiber. For textural characteristics, hardness, and chewiness significantly increased with increasing amounts of rice bran dietary fiber. Cohesiveness and resilience were not significantly different between samples. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was highest in the control group and lowest for the 12% sample. In the frequency analysis of the CATA, as rice bran dietary fiber was added, the amount of bran flavor, oliy, and unpleasant increased while frequency of bitterness, sweetness, and chocolate taste decreased. In the principal component analysis, characteristics of unpleasant, oily, soybean flavor, and sweetness were strongly detected in the 12% sample. The control sample showed strong sweetness and bitterness. The results indicate that 3% to 6% rice bran dietary fiber is appropriate for production of brownies.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.139-141
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• 2002