• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
• /
• pp.1021-1021
• /
• 2001

Sample presentation, which means how to set samples to an NIR instrument, is very important in Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. When sample presentation is not suitable for the samples that you use, very good spectra can not be obtained even if you use a sophisticated NIR instrument. In my presentation, various NIR sample presentations for agricultural products such as intact fruits, single grains, vegetable juice and the others will be explained. In case of peaches with thin peel, the fiber optics of Interactance can be used. However, the fiber optics are not suitable for oranges with relatively thick peel. In this case, transmittance method is useful. As for a small sample such as single grains, a specially designed cell is needed. The cell in transmittance mode has been developed and then applied to single kernels of rice and soybean. In this case we also used the fiber optics. As regards liquid type of sample, a cuvette cell made of quartz in transmittance mode is popular. However, it is time-consuming to wash and dry it. In order to compensate this disadvantage the sample presentation using normal test tubes as sample cells have been developed and applied to milk, rumen juice and urine of a milking cow. An individual test tube can be used for each sample if you use the calibration equation with sample cell compensation. The test tube cell has also been applied to spinach juice for determination of undesirable constituents. It is concluded that sample presentation is most important for NIR Spectroscopy.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.147-150
• /
• 1995

새로운 DF 소재 개발을 위하여 표고버섯 균사체 발효 후 산출되는 식이섬유의 물리적 특성을 검토한 결과 일반성분의 함량은 조단백질 16.16%, 조지방 2.96%, 조회분 3.25% 그리고 탄수화물은 77.63%로 나타났으며 total dietary fiber는 54.5%이었다 물리적 특성으로 40 mesh pass에서 보수성은 7.39g water/g sample이며, 보유성은 2.03g oil/g sample이다. 또 $40{\sim}80{\;}mesh$에서 보수성은 평균 7.80g water/g sample이며, 보유성은 2.77g oil/g sample로 나타났다. 한편 안정제로 사용되는 pectin을 첨가한 점도변화에서 식이섬유의 입자크기에 관계없이 pectin의 사용량이 증가할수록 점도가 증가하는 경향이다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 1999

The increase in color depth of polyester fiber dyed with black disperse dyes was investigated with respect to the kinds of resins and alkali treatment. The color depth of the dyed polyester fiber increased continuously according to the concentration of resins coated onto the fabrics. The alkali treatment to polyester fiber before dyeing also enhanced the color depth. It was thought that the polyester fiber was hydrolyzed by alkali resulting micropores on the sample. And the following treatment with a resin, Jet Black T-101, to the polyester fiber increased the color depth much higher. The successive process of alkali treatment, dyeing and Jet Black T-101 treatment could give the best color depth to polyester fiber. Although the alkali treatment reduced the tensile strength of polyester fiber, the color depth of polyester fiber enhanced sufficiently within the range of practically acceptable weight loss and strength. To analyze the micropore on the polyester fiber formed by alkali treatment, nitrogen porosimeter was used. As the weight loss of polyester fiber treated with alkali increased, the BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size of the sample increased.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2002

A series of waterbome poly(urethane-urea) anionomers were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), ethylene diamine (EDA), and triethylamine (TEA), NaOH, or Cu($(COOCH_3)_2$) as neutralizing agent. This study was performed to decide the effect of neutralizing agent type on the particle size viscosity, hydrogen bonding index, adhesive strength, antistaticity, antibacterial and mechanical properties. The particle size of the dispersions decreased in the following order: TEA based samples (T-sample), NaOH based samples (N-sample), and Cu($(COOCH_3)_2$) based sample (C-sample). The viscosity of the dispersions increased in the order of C-sample, N-sample, and T-sample. Metal salt based film samples Of and C-sample) had much higher antistaticity than TEA based sample. By infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the hydrogen bonding index (or fraction) of samples decreased in the order of T-sam-pie, N-sample, and C-sample. The adhesive strength and tensile modulus/strength decreased in the order of T-sample, N-sam-pie, and C-sample. The C-sample had strong antibacterial halo, however, T- and N-samples did not

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.332-335
• /
• 2005

The fibrogram theory is newly derived from the superposition principle of the conventional staple diagram, in which the left-hand ends of the fibers have to share a common starting point in order for the fiber length distribution to be measured, and the right-hand ends of the fibers form points. It is shown that the fibrogram is the staple diagram of the fiber sample having different random starting points, as well as the double cumulative distribution function of the frequency length function in the length biased sample. Also, the various means, viz. the numerical mean length, numerical mean length in median, length biased mean length, and length biased mean length in median, and the various upper half means, viz. the numerical upper half mean length, numerical upper half mean length in median, length biased upper half mean length, and length biased upper half mean length in median, are discussed in relation to the cotton blending process.

• Advanced Composite Materials
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.245-258
• /
• 2007

The single-modal Weibull model has been assessed on Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber if a set of shape and scale parameters accurately reproduced the effect of the size of the diameter on strength. The tensile data of a single fiber have been divided into two expedient groups as 'small diameter' group and 'large diameter' group in deriving the parameters, which should be consistent if the Weibull model accurately reproduced the size effect. However, the derived Weibull parameters were inconsistent between the two groups. Thereby the authors have concluded that the parameters of the single-modal Weibull model are dependent on the fiber diameter, so that the model is inadequate to reproduce the strength size effect. On the other hand, Weibull parameters were found consistent between the two groups by excluding the data of 'large mirror zone' sample, which was defined as the sample around 10% mirror zone area of the fracture surface. What is more, the exclusion reduced the strength variance more drastically in the 'large diameter' group than in the 'small diameter' group, even though the 'large mirror zone' samples were found identical in the percentage between the two groups. The authors therefore conclude that diameter limitation to the 'small diameter' group level can lead to drastically less distributed strength values than the estimated strength through the Weibull scaling on the present Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.3444-3450
• /
• 2013

Three phase hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), which is faster, simpler and uses a more environmentally friendly sample-preparation technique, was developed for the analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. For the effective simultaneous extraction/concentration of NSAIDs by three phase HF-LPME, parameters (such as extraction organic solvent, pH of donor/acceptor phase, stirring speed, salting-out effect, sample temperature, and extraction time) which influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. NSAIDs were extracted and concentrated from 4 mL of aqueous solution at pH 3 (donor phase) into dihexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber, and then extracted into the acceptor phase at pH 13 located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After the extraction, 5 ${\mu}L$ of the acceptor phase was directly injected into the HPLC/UV system. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of seven NSAIDs was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 150 mm length, 5 ${\mu}m$ particle size) column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (30:70) at a HPLC-UV/Vis system. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, dihexyl ether; $pH_{donor}$, 3; $pH_{acceptor}$, 13; stirring speed, 1500 rpm; NaCl salt, 10%; sample temperature, $60^{\circ}C$; and extraction time, 45 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 59 and 260. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of 5-15 ng/mL and 15-45 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recovery and precision obtained were between 58 and 136% and below 15.7% RSD, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.015-0.96 ng/mL with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.997. The established method can be used to analyse of NSAIDs of low concentration (ng/mL) in urine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.392-410
• /
• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of Alismatis Lhizoma on hyperlipidemia, experimental studies were performed on hyperlipidemia rats. Hyperlipidemia model (controll group) was induced by 1% cholesterol fed-diet for 8 weeks. Sample I group fed with 1% cholesterol and 4% Alismatis Lhizoma diet for 8 weeks. Sample II group fed with 1% cholesterol and 8% Alismatis Lhizoma diet for 8 weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured, and fat accumulation in liver and the change of elastic and collagenous fiber in aortic wall were observed. The results were summurized as follows ; 1. The content of total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 2. The content of triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 3. The content of free fat acid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 4. The content of phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 7. The lipophagy in liver compared with control group tended to be repressed in sample group. 8. The change of elastic and collagenous fiber lesion in tunica media of aortic wall, compared with control group tended to be repressed in sample group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Alismatis Lhizoma has a valid effect on hyperlipidemia. And yet, it needs to make further researches that sample I group showed more significant value than sample II group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권12호
• /
• pp.1823-1829
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 초콜릿을 현미 식이섬유로 대체한 브라우니를 개발하고자 하였다. 현미 식이섬유를 3, 6, 9, 12%로 대체한 브라우니의 이화학적 및 관능적 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 비중은 대조군과 대체군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 점도는 3% 대체군에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 수분함량과 수분활성도는 6% 대체군이 가장 높게 나타났다. 비용적은 대조군이 0.98 mL/g으로 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 6~12% 대체군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). pH는 대조군이 가장 높게 나타났고, 현미 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 명도는 6% 대체군이 25.31로 가장 높게 나타났고, 적색도와 황색도는 현미 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 브라우니의 경도는 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.05), 부서짐성은 대조군과 6, 12% 대체군이 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 씹힘성은 12% 대체군이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였고, 복원성은 대조군과 대체군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 소비자 기호도 검사 결과 색상은 대조군과 대체군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었고, 향미는 대조군이 6.71로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 현미 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 부드러움은 12% 대체군이 가장 낮았으며, 종합적인 기호도는 대조군이 가장 높았고, 현미 식이섬유 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). CATA를 실시한 결과 빈도분석에서는 현미 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가할수록 밀기울냄새, 기름맛, 텁텁함, 콩냄새, 밀가루맛의 빈도수는 증가하였고, 쓴맛, 단맛, 초콜릿맛의 빈도수는 감소하였다. 주성분 분석결과 12% 첨가군에서 텁텁함, 기름맛, 콩 냄새의 특성이 강하게 발현되었고, 이와 반대로 대조군은 단맛과 쓴맛이 강한 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 결과에서 현미 식이섬유를 대체한 브라우니 제조 시 3~6%로 대체하는 것이 적절할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 2002년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.139-141
• /
• 2002