• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fiber Composition

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Effect of Cutting Interval and Cutting Height on Yield and Chemical Composition of Hedge Lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus)

  • Suksombat, Wisitiporn;Buakeeree, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2006
  • The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting interval and cutting height on the yield and nutrient composition of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus) when grown on a sandy soil in the Northeast of Thailand. The cutting intervals compared were 30, 40 and 50 days between harvests and the cutting heights 30, 40 and 50 cm above ground level. The experiment was a $3{\times}3$ factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications-giving a total of 36 plots each $3{\times}3m^2$. Harvested plant material was weighed, dried and the ground subsamples taken for analyses of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ash, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). At the last harvest the hedge lucerne samples were separated to determine leaf to stem ratios and then analyzed for nutrient composition in the leaf and stem. Results showed that increasing the cutting interval (i.e. advancing age of maturity) increased dry matter and nutrient yields significantly. In terms of nutrient content, it also increased the crude fiber, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract percent in the plant. However, crude protein percent was markedly decreased as the cutting interval increased. Increasing cutting height had no effect on dry matter yield and yields of nutrients, but in terms of nutrient content, it increased crude protein and ash content, but decreased crude fiber content. The percent EE and NFE in the plant was unaffected by cutting height. From the results presented it is clear that cutting a stand of hedge lucerne every 40 to 50 days will achieve greater dry matter and nutrient yields than cutting more frequently, at 30 days. The cutting height at harvest, whether 30, 40 or 50 cm above ground level had no effect on dry matter or nutrient yields of hedge Lucerne. Hedge lucerne therefore offers the Thai poultry farmer a useful alternative protein supplement for poultry diets rather than relying on the more expensive soybean meal. As it can be readily and successfully grown on a range of soil types and climates throughout Thailand, hedge lucerne also offers the Thai farmer a valuable additional source of income.

Study of Crataegi Fructus for Medicinal Foods Applications -Nutrition Composition and Scheme for Foods- (Medicinal food로 활용하기 위한 산사(山査)에 관한 연구(1) -활용 형태에 따른 영양학적 특성 및 식품으로의 활용방안 모색-)

  • Chon Jeong-Woo;Park Sung-Jin;Han Jong-Hyun;Park Sung-Hye
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1220-1224
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    • 2005
  • Crataegi Fructus has often been cited in medical literature for its medicinal effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of Crataegi Fructus application as an edible medicinal (nutritional supplement) food resource. In this study, Crataegi Fructus, which has been used in oriental medicine and folks remedy, was investigated to characteristics of nutritional composition(protein, lipid, ash, fiber, free sugar and minerals). The approximate composition of low Crataegi Fructus was crude protein, 0.26%, crude lipid, 0.30% and crude ash, 0.66%. And total dietary fiber 5.60%(insoluble 4.66%, soluble 0.94%), contents of glucose and fructose were 5.02mg% and 6.21 mg%, Nutritional composition of fermented liquid was crude protein 0.24%, crude lipid, 0.03%, crude ash, 0.53% and total dietary fiber, 0.24%. And glucose, fructose contents were 14.77mg% and 7.30mg%. The other hand, nutrition contents in water extract of Crataegi Fructus were significantly lower than low Crataegi fructus and fermented liquid. The above results showed that Crataegi Fructus and fermented liquid have sufficient values to use as a food stuff for medicinal food and nutritional supplement.

Effects of Sodium Alginate and Cellulose on Postprandial Plasma Lipoprotein and Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats(II) (Sodium Alginate와 Cellulose 가 식후 혈장 Lipoprotein 조성과 콜레스테롤 대사에 미치는 영향 (II))

  • 강희정;서명자;송영선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.887-893
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    • 1994
  • This study was undertaken to dtermine whether dietary fibers had an effect on postprandial plasma lipoprotein and liver lipid composition in rats. Each experimental diet ocntained 10 % dietary fiber by weight. All animals were sacrificed in postprandial state. Sodium alginate-fed animals has significantly lower plasma cholesterol, VLDL-, LDL-cholesterol, TG, and protein levels than did the fiber-free control group. In addition, liver cholesterol and TG concentrations were the lowest in sodium alginate -fed animals. There was no significant change in HDL-cholesterol levels among experimental groups. Cellulose-fed animals also have lower plasma cholesterol and TG levels than fiber-free controls, but liver TG concentrations were not different from those in fiber-free controls. This study demonstrates that dietary fiber included in the diet of rats is able to alter postprandial lipoportein cholesterol and TG, and that sodium alginate, a soluble fiber, was the most effective in lowering plasma and liver cholesterol and TG.

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The structure and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified Al-Fe-Ni, Al-Fe-B alloy (일방향 응고시킨 Al-Fe-Ni, Al-Fe-B 합금의 기계적 성질 및 조직)

  • 김여원;신문교
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 1986
  • The microstructure and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified Al-Fe-Ni and Al-Fe-B alloys have been studied in varying the some conditions. To investigate the change of microstructure and mechanical properties was carried out by the varying the composition and solidification rate from 1.2 to 80 mm/min at temperature gradient 60 .deg. C/cm. The results obtained are as follow; 1. In proportion to the increase of the solidification rate, the type of crystallized phase of these composite alloys was changed by added element. a) The crystallized phase of composite alloy in added nikel was changed from the rod-type fiber to platetype fiber. b) The crystallized phase of composite alloy in added boron was changed from the plate-type fiber to rod-type fiber. 2. The strength was rapidly increased with the changing process of crystallized fiber from the plate-type fiber to the rod-type.

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Effects of Dietary Fiber Sources on the Composition Intestinal Microflora in Aged Rate (노화 흰쥐의 장내 균총 조성에 대한 식이섬유질원의 영향)

  • 강어진;양차범;신현경
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.388-393
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to investigate the influence of vadrious dietary fiber sources such as mugwort, apple, sea mustard, butterbur on the intestinal in aged rats. Nine groups of aged rats (12months after weanling) were fed each experimental diet containing 5% and 15% dietary fibers for 4 weeks. The contents in large intestine of aged rats used for the measurement of intestinal microflora. Total viable counts and the numbers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by nonselective medium and various selective media. The intake of dietary fiber sources employed did not show any differece in the number of total microorganisms, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It was remarkable that Clostridium perfringens appeared in the colon of aged rats. The prpulations of Peptococcus and Clostridium were significantly larger in the apple 5% group than in other dietary fiber groups while the number of Staphylococcus was significantly smaller in the dietary fiber groups than in cellulose group. And the Streptococcus populations decreased in the mugwort 15% group. Accordingly, the mugwort 15% group is effective in improving intestinal flora of aged rats.

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Studies on Composites Using Wood and Nonwood Fibers - Effects of Polypropylene Fiber Length and Process Variables - (목질(木質)과 비목질계(非木質系) 섬유(纖維)를 활용한 복합재(複合材) 연구(硏究) - 폴리프로필렌의 섬유장(纖維長)과 공정변수(工程變數)의 영향(影響)을 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Lee, Phil-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 1997
  • This study was executed to examine the effects of polypropylene fiber length and process variables of the composites made from wood fiber and nonwood fiber mixed formulations. As a nonwood fiber the polypropylene with 3 denier thickness of tow condition was selected and cut into each length of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5cm to mix with wood fiber. And also western hemlock wood fiber for medium density fiberboard was prepared. First, to decide an adequate polypropylene mixing fiber length, the composites of 1.0g/$cm^3$ density were made from 10% polypropylene fiber by each of five lengths and 90% western hemlock fiber mixed formulations. Thereafter as the experiments of process variable, the composites applied with adequate polypropylene fiber length(1.5cm) were made from 4 density levels (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2g/$cm^3$). 3 mixed formulations of wood fiber to polypropylene fiber(95 : 5, 90 : 10, 85 : 15), and 3 mat moisture contents(5, 10, 20%). According to the results and discussions it was concluded as follows ; The physical and mechanical properties were shown improved tendency. as polypropylene fiber length was increased in the range from 0.5 to 1.5cm, but shown decreasing tendency from 2.0 to 2.5 cm. Accordingly, it was shown that polypropylene fiber length is limited to 1.5cm or less length in mixing wood fiber and polypropylene fiber by turbulent air mixing process. As the densities of wood fiber-polypropylene fiber composites were increased, the physical and mechanical properties were clearly improved. Also they were shown significantly increasement statistically between densities respectively. In the mixed formulations, physical and mechanical properties were shown only slightly improvement, as they changed from 95 : 5 to 85 : 15 in wood fiber to polypropylene fiber. Despite of increasement of mat moisture content, mechanical properties were not improved significantly but physical properties were improved somewhat in wood fiber-polypropylene fiber composites.

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Studies on the Composition of Lipid , Amino acid and Dietary Fiber from Functional Food Source -Platycodi radix , Perilla Seed , Evening Primrose Seed and Aloe Vera- (기능성 식품 자원의 지질, 아미노산 및 식이 섬유의 조성 -길경, 들깨 종자, 달맞이꽃 종자, 알로에베라-)

  • 황성원;박무희;심호기;배만종
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.647-653
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to investigate the contents of dietary fiber (DF), compositions of fatty acids in lipid fraction and amino acids in salt-soluble protein from the functional food source such as Platycodi radix, perilla seed, evening primrose seed and aloe vera. The contents of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber (N.D.F) , acid detergent fiber( A.D.F) . kignin, hemicellulose an dcellulose in evening primorse seed were higher than those of other samples, except the content of cellulose .The ration of polyunsaturated /saturated (P/S) fatty acid in total lipids was 6.31 in perilla seed, which was higher than those of other samples. The content of linolenic acid (n-3) in perilla seed was 55.47%. The content of linoleic acid (n-6) in evening primrose seed was 71.88% , which was higher than those of other samples. The fatty acid composition in neutral lipids were the same as those of total lipids. The PUFA contents of fatty acid in glycolipids were 61.76% in perilla seed. And also, the ratio of n-6/n-3 in evening primrose seed was 15.19. The fatty acid compositions in phospholipids were the sameas those of glycolipids. The contents of PUFA in Platycodi radix were 62.96% . The essential amino acid contents of salt-soluble protein were 47 mole % in Platycodi radix , which was slightly higher than those other samples. The ration of essential amino acid /nonessential amino acid (E/N) was 0.9 and 0.66 in Platycodi radix and aloe vera, respectively.

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Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Smart Soft Composite Actuators According to Material Composition (섬유 강화 지능형 연성 복합재 구동기의 재료구성에 따른 거동특성 평가)

  • Han, Min-Woo;Kim, Hyung-Il;Song, Sung-Hyuk;Ahn, Sung-Hoon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.81-85
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    • 2017
  • Fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are made by combining a continuous fiber that acts as reinforcement and a homogeneous polymeric material that acts as a host, are engineering materials with high strength and stiffness and a lightweight structure. In this study, a shape memory alloy(SMA) reinforced composite actuator is presented. This actuator is used to generate large deformations in single lightweight structures and can be used in applications requiring a high degree of adaptability to various external conditions. The proposed actuator consists of numerous individual laminas of the glass-fiber fabric that are embedded in a polymeric matrix. To characterize its deformation behavior, the composition of the actuator was changed by changing the matrix material and the number of the glass-fiber fabric layers. In addition, current of various magnitudes were applied to each actuator to study the effect of the heating of SMA wires on applying current.

Anatomical Characteristics of Kenaf Grown in Reclaimed Land - Volumetric Composition and Cell Dimension - (간척지에서 재배된 양마(kenaf)의 해부학적 특성(II) - 구성 비율 및 세포의 치수 -)

  • Lee, Seon-Hwa;Kwon, Sung-Min;Um, Gi Jeung;Kim, Nam-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2008
  • Anatomical characteristics of volumetric composition, fiber length, vessel diameter, and crystalline properties of cellulose in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) planted in the reclaimed land of Buan-si, Korea were examined to understand the growth characteristics using a light microscopy and an X-ray diffraction method. The samples of kenaf were taken from six positions (3 cm, 35 cm, 70 cm, 105 cm, 280 cm, and 320 cm) of each stem over the growth period (July, August, September, and October) after seeding in the mid-May. In the kenaf stem, phloem constituted 10 to 15 %, xylem 66 to 82%, and pith 7 to 19%. The ray, bast fiber, and remainder comprised 50%, 20%, and 30% of the phloem, respectively. The volume of vessel, ray, and fiber in the xylem was approximately 10, 15, and 75%, respectively. The proportion of cell wall was 30.92% at the base of stem and 46.40% at the top of stem, respectively. The average length of bast fiber and xylem fiber was about 2.8 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively. Radial and tangential diameters of vessel increased with the increase of growth period, while they decreased with increasing the stem height. Relative crystallinity ranged from 70 to 79% in phloem and from 50 to 56% in xylem. Cellulose crystallite width was about 3 nm both in the phloem and xylem. Thus, the volumetric composition and cell dimensions in the phloem and xylem appeared to be varied with the growth period and the stem height.

Comparative review of muscle fiber characteristics between porcine skeletal muscles

  • Junyoung Park;Sung Sil Moon;Sumin Song;Huilin Cheng;Choeun Im;Lixin Du;Gap-Don Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.251-265
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    • 2024
  • Meat derived from skeletal muscles of animals is a highly nutritious type of food, and different meat types differ in nutritional, sensory, and quality properties. This study was conducted to compare the results of previous studies on the muscle fiber characteristics of major porcine skeletal muscles to the end of providing basic data for understanding differences in physicochemical and nutritional properties between different porcine muscle types (or meat cuts). Specifically, the muscle fiber characteristics between 19 major porcine skeletal muscles were compared. The muscle fibers that constitute porcine skeletal muscle can be classified into several types based on their contractile and metabolic characteristics. In addition, the muscle fiber characteristics, including size, composition, and density, of each muscle type were investigated and a technology based on these muscle fiber characteristics for improving meat quality or preventing quality deterioration was briefly discussed. This comparative review revealed that differences in muscle fiber characteristics are primarily responsible for the differences in quality between pork cuts (muscle types) and also suggested that data on muscle fiber characteristics can be used to develop optimal meat storage and packaging technologies for each meat cut (or muscle type).