• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2004

A system for the production of transgenic plants has been developed for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of mature seed-derived embryogenic callus. Seed-derived calli were infected and co-cultured with Agrobacterium EHA101 carrying standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT), neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and intron-containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. The effects of several factors on transformation and the expression of the GUS gene were investigated. Inclusion of $200\mu\textrm{M}$ acetosyringone (AS) in inoculation and co-culture media lead to a increase in stable transformation efficiency. Transformation efficiency was increased when embryogenic calli were co-cultured for 5 days on the co-culture medium. The highest transformation efficiency was obtained when embryogenic calli were inoculated with Agyobacterium in the presence of 0.1% Tween20 and $200\mu\textrm{M}$ AS. Hygromycin resistant calli were developed into complete plants via somatic embryogenesis. GUS histochemical assay and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated that transgenes were successfully integrated into the genome of tall fescue.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2015

In this study, we sought to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed productivities of domestic tall fescue that were cultivated with differing combinations of drill widths and nitrogen-application rates in early spring; the examination was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, from 2013 to 2014. The main plots were three widths of 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm, and the subplots were subject to nitrogen-application rates in early spring of 45 kg/ha, 90 kg/ha, 135 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha. The growth and development characteristics did not vary by treatment in terms of drill width and early-spring nitrogen application. Tall fescue Purumi showed a stable seed productivity of two tons or greater when the drill width was set at 15 cm and 90 kg/ha of nitrogen was applied in early spring. The narrower the drill width, the greater the numbers of both the ears and seeds, while the length of the ear was longer when the drill width was wider. Regarding the influence of the drill width and early-spring nitrogen application on the productivity of seed-producing straw, the dry matter productivity was higher when the drill width was narrower; however, no particular trend was observed with respect to different amounts of fertilizer. The average production amount of the first round of straw after seed gathering was 6,920 kg/ha. The second round produced an average 8,134 kg/ha of dry matter.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2006

An efficient transformation system for the production of transgenic plants has been developed for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of seed-derived callus. From the point of morphogenetic capacity, three types of callus were selected. High frequency of plant regeneration was obtained by selection of type II callus, and the plant regeneration frequency was 52.6% when embryogenic callus were cultured on the regeneration medium. Supplementation of the media with 10 mg/L $AgNO_3$ and 40 mg/L cysteine enhanced frequencies of plant regeneration up to 65.3%. The highest transformation efficiency was also obtained when type II callus were inoculated with Agrobacterium. Southern blot analysis of PCR products of transgenic plants demonstrated that transgenes were successfully integrated into the genome of tall fescue. Efficient regeneration system and transformation established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of tall fescue through genetic transformation.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2002

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of undersoil heating on growth and quality of turfgrasses including Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.‘Nuglade’), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.‘Accent’), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.‘Pixie’), and Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in simulated athletic field during winter season in Korea. Mineral contents in clippings of turfgrasses grown at different soil mixtures and temperatures were also analyzed. Undersoil heating (approximately 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) was effective in protecting turfgrasses except Korean lawngrass from freezing injury and discoloration of shoots due to extremely cold temperatures during midwinter. Among turfgrasses grown at undersoil heating zone, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass showed the highest clipping weights and chlorophyll contents, respectively. However, anthocyanin contents of shoots were higher in Kentucky bluegrass. There was little or no difference in clipping weights, chlorophyll contents, anthocyanin contents and greenness of shoots between turfgrasses grown at two soil mixtures composed of 80% sand＋10% peat moss＋10% soil (v/v/v) and 80% sand＋20% pea moss (v/v). Contents of mineral K, Ca and Mg in clippings of cool-season turfgrasses were comparatively higher in a soil mixture composed of 80% sand＋10% peat moss＋10% soil, but little difference in contents of N and P was observed between two soil treatments. Results indicated that undersoil heating can improve quality of turf surface by thawing soil, melting snow, and maintaining shoot growth and greenness of turfgrasses in sports field during winter season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2003

Five warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were overseeded with 2 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] to examine suitability of these species for planting in mixture for producing a year-round turf. Percent of warm-season and cool-season turfgrasses in the mixture were estimated for 5 years. Also, to evaluate the fertilization times of the warm-season and cool-season turrfgras mixtures. Eremochloa ophiuroides and Buchloe dactyloides were not suitable for warm-season and cool-season turfgrass mixtures. However, Zoysia japonica, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Cynodon dactylon were suitable for warm-season and cool-season turfgrass mixtures. Zoysia japonica, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Cynodon dactylon were showed approximately 50% botanical composition five years after cool-season turfgrass overseeding. And, those three warm-season turfgrass mixtures showed approximately 20% visual ratings in winter period. Fertilization in early spring and late autumn had made cool-season turfgrass dominated in mixtures. Therefore, fertilization times in warm-season and cool-season turfgrass mixtures was desirable in summer period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2010

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named "Greenmaster" was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, at Suwon from 1999 to 2007. For synthetic seed production of this new variety, 5 superior clones, EFa9111, EFa9122, EFa9211, EFa9225, and EFa9234 were selected and polycrossed. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability of the seeds were studied at Suwon from 2003 to 2004, and regional trials were conducted in Suwon, Pyungchang, Jeju, and Ikcsan from 2005 to 2007. Greenmaster showed enhanced winter hardiness, disease resistance, and regrowth ability as compared to Fawn. The dry matter yield of Greenmaster was 11% higher as 19,156 kg/ha than that of Fawn. However, the nutritive value of both varieties was similar.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.26-30
• /
• 2015

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named 'Greenmaster2ho' was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, in Cheonan, Korea from 2010 to 2014. For the synthetic seed production of this new variety, 5 superior clones were selected and polycrossed: 09XFa02, 09XFa03, 09XFa11, 09XFa13, and 09XFa14. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability of the seeds were studied at Cheonan from 2010 onward, and regional trials were conducted in Cheonan, Hoengseong, Jeju, and Jinju from 2012 to 2014. Greenmaster2ho showed resistance to disease, persistence, and regrowth ability that were all enhanced when compared with Fawn. At 15,119 kg/ha, the dry matter (DM) yield of Greenmaster2ho was 29% higher than that of Fawn, but the nutritive value of both varieties as forage was similar. This study aimed to make a contribution to the vitalization of the Korean grassland industry by developing a new tall fescue variety with excellent environmental adaptability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.297-307
• /
• 1995

Anatomical and physiological studies of sink tissues are required for better understanding the biological plant growth system and energy metabolism Anatomy of root growth zones of two genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) receiving 50 or 200 ppm N were determined, Cross-sectional anatomy and cells responses of root growth zones were observed and examined. Rapid radial root expansion occurred within the first 1.0 mm from root apex, and then increased gradually for both genotypes and N levels. Another increase in diameter occurred at high N after cell elongation slowed near 3.0 mm. Area of the central cylinder cell increased rapidly near the root apex. However, it then decreased again about 1.0 to 1.5 mm from the apex, perhaps because of pressure from the rapid increase of root diameter due largely to an increasing proportion of cortex and epidermis or hypodermis in the distal portion of the root growth zone. Root area from the apical initial to 6.0 mm distal consisted of 10 to 18% epidermis or exodermis, 67 to 79% cortex, and 10 to 22% vascular cylinder cells containing cambium cells (6 to 20%) and xylem cells (0.8 to 2.5%). These data indicate that N application affects root growth radially by increasing mainly cortex cell area, with less effect on epidermis and central cylinder cells.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2009

Oxidative stress is the main limiting factor in crop productivity. To solve global environmental problems using the plant biotechnology, we have developed on the oxidative stress-tolerant transgenic tall fescue plants via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method. In order to develop transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants with enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses, nucleotide diphosphate kinase gene under the control of CaMV35S promoter were introduced into genome of tall fescue plants. Proteomic analysis revealed that transgenic tall fescue not only accumulated NDP kinase 2 protein in their cells, but also induced several other antioxindative enzyme-related proteins. When leaf discs of transgenic plants were subjected to cold stress, they showed approximately 30% less damage than wild-type plants. In addition, transgenic tall fescue plants showed normal growth when transgenic plants were subjected to $4^{\circ}C$ for 3 days treatments. These results suggest that transgene is important in ROS scavenging by induction of antioxidative proteins, and could improve abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tall fescue plants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2007

Environmental stress is the major limiting factor in plant productivity. As an effort to solve the global food and environmental problems using the plant biotechnology, we have developed transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method. To develop transgenic tall fescue plants with enhanced tolerance to the environmental stresses, both CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) genes were incorporated in a pIG121 binary vector and the both of the genes were controlled separately by an oxidative stress-inducible sweet potato peroxidase 2 (SWPA2) premoter expressed in chloroplasts. Leaf discs of transgenic plants showed 10-30% less damage compared to the wild-type when they exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses including methyl viologen (MV), $H_2O_2$ and heavy metals. In addition, when $200{\mu}M$ MV was sprayed onto the whole plants, transgenic plants showed a significant reduction of visible damage compared to wild-type plants that were almost damaged. These results suggest that over expression of CuZnSOD and APX genes in transgenic plants might be a useful strategy to protect the crops against a wide range of environmental stresses.