• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

'신고' 배 실생묘의 수체 생육 특성에 관한 결과를 통해서, 충분히 부숙된 유기질 비료의 시용은 뿌리 생체중 및 세근의 양이 많아지고 근 활력이 높아졌을 뿐만 아니라 지상부 수체 생육이 좋아지는 효과를 나타냈다. 과원 내 유목묘의 궁극적인 목적은 왕성한 수체 생장으로 과실 생산을 조기에 달성하는 것인데, 본 실험 결과를 통해서 유기질 비료 처리로 초기 과원재배의 궁극적인 목적을 어느 정도 이룰 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 건강한 수체 생산으로 응애의 피해에 의한 낙엽률이나 엽 피해도를 감소시키는 결과를 가져와서 병충해에 대한 내성을 제고함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 토양 내 충분히 부숙된 유기질 복합 퇴비 시용은 빠른 시일 내에 수체 생장과 안정성을 확보할 수 있다는 측면으로, 육묘장이나 기타 과수 실생묘에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.316-327
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• 2018

Liquid fertilizers made from livestock manure contain high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and thus are used as a fertilizer. However, excessive use of liquid fertilizer causes eutrophication of agricultural land and nonpoint source pollution. In this study, as a means of lowering the nutrient concentrations, struvite ($MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$) production from the liquid fertilizer was investigated. When liquid fertilizers produced in Gyeonggido were analyzed, its characteristics differed by region and season, but the phosphorus concentration was commonly lower than that of nitrogen. When $K_2HPO_4$ and $MgCl_2$ were added to the liquid fertilizers, the optimal pH for struvite formation was pH 9.5. For environmentally friendly sources of magnesium and phosphate, ferronickel slag (FNS) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) were suspended in deionized water and extracted by sulfuric acid with various mass ratios. The optimum conditions for extracting FNS and SSA were 4.0 M sulfuric acid and 0.35 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to sewage sludge ash, respectively. For forming struvite, 0.233 L of SSA leachate (SSAL) was added into 0.3 L of liquid fertilizer containing 2,586 mg/L of ammonia and 110 mg/L of phosphate, pH was then adjusted to pH 9.5 using 10 M of NaOH. Afterwards 0.333 L of FNS leachate (FNSL) was added to this mixed solution. After a reaction for 1 hr at room temperature, the remaining concentrations of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate were less than 50 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively, and 30 g of precipitates were obtained, most of which were struvite.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2006

This study was conducted to improve the control performance of a current variable-rate controller for granular fertilizers. Simulation model was developed. Optimized proportional, integral and derivative gains were determined by simulation model using 2nd order PID gain learning algorithm, and these control gains were evaluated through the field tests. Important results of this study are as follows; 1. Principles of pre-existing variable-rate application of granular fertilizers were investigated. 2. Simulation model of a PID controller that could simulate the control system was developed by using Matlab/Simulink program. The program was to determine PID control coefficients through the simulation model and 2nd order PID gain learning algorithm. 3. PID control coefficients obtained from the simulation were applied to the developed model. When the step input was given, Maximum overshoot were 1.96%, rise time were 0.05 sec, settling time were 0.06 sec and steady state error were 0.21 % respectively. 4. The simulation model was verified through field tests. The errors of maximum overshoot were 10%, rise time were 0.11 sec, settling time were 0.40 sec and steady state error were 8% because of loads and noises. Rise time was decreased to one third of that of the pre-existing system. 5. If the speed of a fertilizing machine is $0.3{\sim}0.6\;m/s$ and the maximum rotation speed of a discharging roller is 64 rpm, rise time would be 0.26 sec and fertilizing machine would cover the distance of $0.07{\sim}0.15\;m$ with settling time of 0.4 sec, fertilizing machine would cover the distance of $0.12{\sim}0.24\;m$.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

삼백초의 3요소 시비 적량을 구명하고자 3요소 시비수준을 무비구 등 3요소별 4수준으로 11조합하여 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양의 이화학적 변화는 pH, 유기물, 마그네슘, CEC 그리고 EC는 시험 전에 비해 시험 후에 높은 경향을 보였으나, 인산, 칼리 그리고 칼슘은 상반된 경향이었다. 2. 건엽중은 무비구 281kg/10a에 비하여 3요소 시비구에서 26~108kg가 많았으며, 건근중은 무비구 610kg/10a에 비하여 3요소 시비구에서 19~157kg가 많았다. 3. 2년생 삼백초의 3요소 시비적량은 질소 7.1, 인산 2.5, 칼리 4.2kg/10a이었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 1991

달관평가결과(達觀評價結果)와 생장지표(生長指標)인 초장(草長), 분벽수(分蘗數) 및 건물중(乾物重) 변이(變異)에서는 다소 일치되지 않은 경향(傾向)으로 조사(調査)되었으나 공시약제(供試藥劑) 대부분(大部分)이 시비량(施肥量) 증대(增大)로 생육이상(生育異.常)이나 지연(遲延)이 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 생장(生長)의 종합지표(綜合指標)인 건물중(乾物重)을 중심(中心)으로 평가(評價)한 결과(結果), pretilachlor는 모든 시비수준하(施肥水準下)에서 일률적으로 낮은 건물중(乾物重)을 나타내었으나, pyrazolate와 함께, 시비량 증대로 건물중 감소폭이 커지는 경향이었으며 bensulfuron-methyl은 무비수준(無肥水準)에서 오히려 회복이 빨랐으며 dimepiperate는 시비(施肥)에 관계없이 전반적(全般的)으로 안전성(安全性)이 유지되었다. 유기물시용(有機物施用)에 따른 제초제(除草劑) 약해반응(藥害反應)은, 시용량증대(施用量增大)로 약해(藥害)가 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었고, 특이한 것은 dimepiperate와 pyrazolate는 무시용구(無施用區)에서도 안전(安全)하였던 반면(反面) pretilachlor와 bensulfuron-methyl은 1000 Kg/10a 수준(水準)에서까지도 유의적(有意的)인 생육억제(生育抑制)가 되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.340-344
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• 1996

고품질(高品質) 택사(澤瀉)의 다수확(多收穫)을 위하여 시비양(施肥量)에 따른 택사(澤瀉)의 생육(生育) 및 유효성분(有效成分)인 alisol-B monoacetate의 함양변북(含量變北)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 시비양(施肥量)의 증가(增加)는 지상부(地上部)의 생육증진(生育增進)에 효과적(效果的)이었으며 수양(收量)은 20-10-20 구(區)에서 가장 높은 287kg/10a 정도로 관행(慣行) 시비구(施肥區)보다 약 25% 증수(增收)되어 가장 높았으나30-15-30 구(區)는 20% 증수(增收) 되었다. 시비양(施肥量)에 따른 식물체중(中) 질소(窒素)와 린산(燐酸)함량은 증비(增肥) 할수록 줄기보다 잎의 함량이 높았으나 기타 무기성분(無機成分)은 대차없었다. 유효성분(有效成分)인 근경(根莖)내의 alisol-B monoacetate의 함양(含量)은 증비(增肥)할수록 함량이 증가되는 경향으로 30-5-30 시비구(施肥區)에서 4737.6ppm 으로 관행시비구(慣行施肥區)보다 66% 증가(增加)되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2001

돈분발효퇴비(P)와 혼합유박비료(B, F), 부산물퇴비(D) 4종의 유기질비료와 토양 미생물제제(M)의 시용 효과를 규명하기 위하여 배추와 상치를 공시작물로 시설하우스에서 재배하면서 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 유기질비료의 추천 시비량 처리구에서 수량이 가장 좋았으며, 과량 처리구에서는 비해가 발생하였으나, 미생물제제의 혼용에 의해 현저한 비해 감소 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 같은 비종 및 동일한 시용량 처리구에서도 미생물제제를 혼용하였을 때 생육이 안정되었으며, 수량도 높은 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 유기질비료의 과량처리는 비해가 발생할 수 있으며, 미생물제제의 시용으로 생육 및 수량이 향상되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.462-471
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• 2017

A more efficient use of nutrients from organic sources can benefit both farmers and water quality in agriculture. In this paper we reviewed information related to the regulations and guidelines of a swine liquid fertilizer to propose an establishment scheme for the official standards of swine manure slurry as a liquid fertilizer for organic farming. According to the law of establishment and designation of official standard of fertilizers, the liquid fertilizer made with pig liquid manure belongs to the byproduct fertilizer as of one of organic fertilizer. However, the official standards for byproduct fertilizers including the liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), especially for a liquid swine manure fertilizer, should be revised to meet the goals of laws pursuing the environmentally sound agriculture, especially for organic farming because the terms and relevant standards need additional specific standards alike the standards such as impurities and parameter for declaration in EU. Therefore, it is suggested that official standards for byproduct fertilizers should be revised with respect to nutrient, salt content as of SAR and Na content instead of NaCl. Also we need to develop the maximum limit of heavy metals in soil to which the liquid fertilizer can be applied, as well as application rate depending on EC of the liquid fertilizer.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment established a plan for advancement of livestock manure management in July 2011 and finalized the "Comprehensive Measures for Advancement of Livestock Manure Management" in May 2012 complementing and strengthening the plan. In this process, it was necessary to investigate the status of discharge of livestock manure and its environmental impact, for example on rivers, groundwater, arable outflow water and soil. We investigated types of livestock husbandry, discharge of livestock manure, and production and use of organic fertilizers and presented the improvement measures of livestock manure management and organic fertilizer use. First, it is necessary to come up with measures to calculate appropriate density and numbers of livestock animals and prevent overcrowded breeding. Second, as many of the private livestock manure treatment facilities are out-dated and their long-term aerated reaction tanks are not regularly managed, it is necessary to find ways to improve those facilities through inspection and diagnosis. In addition, since existing public treatment facilities are designed to add clean water to belt filter press, additional water is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve belt filter press in order to decrease the extra water. Finally, although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to establish standards for maturity of liquid fertilizers in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into resources.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.288-312
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• 1998

In Korea, chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals have had a significant impact on food production and these are today thought to be an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, socioeconomical and IMF and WTO status in Korea are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. A new crop production system to improve economic, environmental and production efficiency must be exploited. Our particular concern has been given to an integrated cropping system involving recycling of crop residues, soil and N management, biological N fixation and multipurpose legumes. As a new integrated crop production system, a no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system has been proposed in this paper. The formulation of this system is based on the conception that N fertilizers being neither limitlessly available nor affordable, the current high-input crop production systems have produced troubled results severe labour shortage ill rural areas, balance of payment, environmental degradation and reduction of human health far exceed economic concerns. A natural and logical consequence is that long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. Based on the information obtained throughout a series of experiments last years we have proved that the no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system dictates biological alternative which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers. Comprehensive discussions were made for the proposed system and it concluded that the system can offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources, and consequently improving the farmers as well as the national returns.