• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.399-403
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• 2002

Cellulose mass loss by cellulose filter papers was measured for 3 time (35 days, 70 days, 105 days) incubation during the growing season (from May to September 2002) with different tree density and after fertilization in a Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) plantation. Cellulose mass loss rates were significantly different between tree density types and fertilization treatments during the study periods. After 105 day incubation of cellulose filter paper, cellulose mass loss rates were significantly higher in the low tree density (70.1 $\%$) than in the high tree density (49.9$\%$). Cellulose mass loss rates averaged 62.8$\%$ in the fertilization and 58.9% in the unfertilization treatments during the same periods. However, cellulose mass loss was not significantly different between the forest floor and the mineral soil layer except for 35 day incubation. The results indicate that cellulose decomposition rates are a useful index to express differences in organic matter decomposition activity in different tree density and after fertilizer treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 1994

The experiment was canied out to investigate the effects of cutting frequencies (3, 4 and 5 cuts per year) in relation to fertilization of mineral nitrogen on crude protein yield and the contents of crude protein and acid detergent fibre in orchardgms(Dacty1is glomerata L.). Tne results are as follows : 1. The content of crude protein increased according to the increase in cutting frequency and showed the highest in the 1st cut in all treatments. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies per year, the content of crude protein increased in a large extent according to the increased fertilization of mineral nitrogen. However at 3 cutting frequency, the content of cmde protein appeared higher for no application of mineral nitrogen than for the treatments with fertilization. 2. 'Ihe content of acid detergent fibre(ADF) was considerably reduced at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies and in all treatments, the lowest were recorded in the 1st cut or in the last cut. At 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, the highest ADF were shown in the 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 3rd cut respectively. However, the general trend was that the content of ADF was greatly reduced according to increased level of mineral nitrogen fertilization. 3. The yeild of cmde protein was the highest at 5 cutting frequency(l.2 ton DMIha) and it indicated that the yield of cmde protein increased in accordance to the increase in fertilization of mineral nitrogen and cutting frequency. 4. In all treatments, positive correlation(p<0.001) between the yeilds of crude protein and annual dry matter yield appeared. Negative correIation(p

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (21-year) fertilizer and compost treatments on the yield of red pepper and chemical properties in top-dong, Suwon. Six treatments were chosen for this work: No fertilization (No fert.), NPK fertilizers (NPK), NPK and compost (NPK+Compost), NP and compost (NP+Compost), NK and compost (NK+Compost), PK and compost (PK+Compost). The yield of red pepper for 21 years indicated the significant differences among the No fertilization, the PK+Compost, and other treatments. The relative yield index was 13% and 59% respectively, for the No fertilization and the PK+Compost if the average yield of red pepper for the NPK regards $20,048kg\;ha^{-1}$ as the yield index with 100%. Soil organic matter at the compost applied treatments significantly increased compared with the No fert. and the NPK. The average increase rates of soil organic matter by applying the compost ranged from 0.69 to $0.73g\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Available phosphate content in soil appeared the significant increase all treatments excluding the No fert. It is estimated that the available phosphate in soil was increased by $7.0mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying compost and $14.2mg\;kg^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ by applying P fertilizer. Application of K fertilizer or the compost alone, the NPK, the NP+Compost, continuously caused soil K depletion whereas K fertilization plus the compost maintained at a constant level of exchangeable K. The results indicated that the addition of compost to NPK fertilizer is recommended for the maximum stable yield for red pepper and enhancement of organic matter though it is also needed for adjusting of P and K fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2023

Appropriate fertilization methods are required according to species to supply necessary nutrients to plants and prevent soil environmental contamination in nurseries. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth of Liriodendron tulipifera and soil characteristics were investigated. After 16 fertilization treatments (4 levels of nitrogen × 4 levels of phosphorus) were applied to one-year-old L. tulipifera seedlings at the Yongmun Nursery Station of the Korea Forest Service, height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, leaf nutrients, and soil characteristics were investigated. The height increased as the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased, and the RCD was the highest in the ×2 treatment. Biomass growth was on average 40.0% higher for the treatment with high nitrogen fertilization compared to the low nitrogen treatment. The seedling quality index was the highest with nitrogen and phosphorus ×2 treatment. Leaf phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decreased when nitrogen fertilization was applied, and leaf potassium concentrations decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased. Soil pH and exchangeable potassium decreased as the amount of phosphorus application increased, and exchangeable magnesium decreased as the amount of nitrogen application increased and increased as the amount of phosphorus application increased. Considering the growth of L. tulipifera seedlings and changes in the soil characteristics at the nursery stage, twice the standard fertilization amount is the appropriate fertilization amount for nursery of the Yongmun Nursery Station. It is expected that this study will contribute to improving nursery soil fertilization management technology for healthy seedling production.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2017

Objectives: To report the efficacy of traditional Korean medicine to an infertile patient who repeatedly failed in vitro fertilization. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with adenomyosis and failed in vitro fertilization 9 times. Her dysmenorrhea and physical symptoms were improved through traditional Korean medicine and she was pregnant with the 10th attempt of in vitro fertilization. She had bleeding during pregnancy due to adenomyosis and took herbal medicines to maintain stable condition. Results: During the treatment period, the uterine thickness due to adenomyosis was reduced and her dysmenorrhea was improved. She was pregnant by in vitro fertilization and gave birth to a healthy child by Caesarean section. Conclusions: This case report shows that traditional Korean medical treatments work to improve the success rate of in vitro fertilization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.582-588
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• 2008

This study was carried out to evaluate litterfall amounts in a 28-year old Quercus acutissima stand at various levels of fertilization. The levels of fertilization were control, 3:4:1 (100 kg N/ha, 130 kg P/ha, 33 kg K/ha), 3:8:1, 3:4:2, 6:4:1, and 2:2:1, respectively. Fertilizers were applied for 3 years. Litterfall amounts following 3-year fertilization were significantly different among various levels of fertilization. Leaf litter was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 3:4:1 (4,015 kg/ha/yr) than in 3:8:1 treatments (2,874 kg/ha/yr), whereas other treatments showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Total litterfall amounts throughout the study period were 4,206 kg/ha/yr in 3:8:1, 4,992 kg/ha/yr in 2:2:1, 5,372 kg/ha/yr in 6:4:1, 5,456 kg/ha/yr in control, 5,840 kg/ha/yr in 3:4:1 and 6,015 kg/ha/yr in 3:4:2 treatments, respectively. Proportion of leaf litter was more than 66% of total litterfall in 3:4:1, 6:4:1, and 3:8:1 treatments compared with 61% in the control. These results indicated that litterfall amounts in a Q. accutissma stand were affected by various levels of fertilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 1996

To find out the residual effect of phosphate fertilization level on the dry matter yield and nutrient plloductivity of pasture plants, this experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with six treatments(0-0, 50-50, 100-65, 150-65, 200-65 and 250-65kg $P_2O_5$), those were composed of three $P_2O_5$ fertilization level(0,50 and 65kg $P_2O_5$ after phosphate fertilization trial with six treatments(0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250kg $P_2O_5$/ha) from 1989 to 1992, and conducted at hilly land in Kwangju, Kyonggi Province from 1993 to 1994. The results obtained are summarized as follows : As the available phosphate of soil increase, the early growth and cover degree of pasture plants wintered were more favorable. With 150-65kg $P_2O_5$ application for two years, the average dry matter yield of grasses, 9,862kglha was similared to that of 200-65kg $P_2O_5$/ha. The crude protein and energy productivity of pasture plants tended to increase as available phosphate of soil was increased, but those were not different between 150-65 and 250-65kg P 2 0 4 a Efficiency of $P_2O_5$ was highest at $P_2O_5$ 150-65kg/ha fertilization, wHich produced dry matter 11 1.8kg. net energy lactation(NEL) 67 1.2M.f per I kg P205. Therefore, phosphate fertilization is recommended strongly application with 150kg/ha for three years after pasture establishment, and then 65kg/ha for two years a reasonabl management in hilly grassland.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.190-193
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• 2011

Organic and chemical fertilizer amendments are an important agricultural practice for increasing crop yields. In order to maintain the soil sustainability, it is important to monitor the effects of fertilizer applications on the shift of soil microorganism, which control the cycling of many nutrients in the soils. Here, culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were used to analyze the soil microorganism and community structure under six fertilization treatments, including green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK +pig mature compost, NPK and control. Both organic and chemical fertilizers caused a shift of the cultural microorganism CFUs after treatments. Bacterial CFUs of the organic fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilization treatments. The DGGE profiles of the bacterial communities of the samples showed that the green manure treatment was a distinct difference in bacterial community, with a greater complexity of the band pattern than other treatments. Cluster analyses based on the DGGE profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern and clustered together firstly. Rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK +pig manure compost and control clustered together in other sub-cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.474-481
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• 2013

Understanding the microbial community structure of agricultural soils is important for better soil management in order to improve soil quality. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis has been popularly used in determining the microbial community structure in different ecosystems. The microbial community structure of paddy soil under long-term fertilizer treatments was investigated after 45 years using PLFA analysis. Treatments were control (no fertilization, Con), compost (COM), NPK, NPK+compost (NPKC), PK, NK, and NP. Soil chemical properties were mainly affected by the addition of compost and inorganic P fertilizer. Total nitrogen and organic matter contents were significantly higher in treatments with compost while available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable calcium were significantly higher in treatments with added inorganic P fertilizer. It was found that microbial communities were responsive to the different fertilizer treatments. PLFA results showed that the soils were dominated by gram-negative bacteria, followed by the actinomycetes, then gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Principal component analysis of the soil chemical properties and PLFA composition proved to be a more reliable tool because it was more responsive to the changes in soil chemical properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.623-628
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• 2000

This study were conducted to evaluate the mass balance of phosphorus and nitrogen with cropping in experimental pot where the mass of input concentration, and fertilization were variable. Four treatments include CSWNF, TWCF, SWNF. And these cases were compared to the control case of tap water irrigation with conventional fertilization (CONTROL). Fertilization were following conventional fertilization , N : P : K = 11kg : 7kg : 8kg. Input water loading was CSWNF (N:48.7g ,P:3.6g), TWCF(7.8g, 0.6g), SWHF(38.8g ,2.9g), TWNF(38.8g, 2.9g ) and CONTROL(0g ,0g) The result is nitrogen decrease rate; TWCF(19.2%), SWHF(14.9%), CSWNF(9.2%) and SWCF(5.6%). phosphorous decrease rate ; TWCF (10%), SWHF(3.7%), SWCF(0.9%) and CSWNF(0.3%).