• 제목/요약/키워드: Female rat

검색결과 530건 처리시간 0.031초

보중익기탕과 귀비탕 투여가 임신랫드의 모체 및 태자에 미치는 연구 (Toxicological Effect of Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang (Herbal prescription) in the Pregnant Rat and Fetuses -Focusing on Reproductive and developmental Toxicity-)

  • 한용주;신헌태;이선동
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.91-104
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    • 2010
  • The experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine, Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang at dose of 5ml/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and the internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weights of Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. There were no significant differences in internal and reproductive organs. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation and live fetuses. But Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered group showed higher implantation rate than the control group. Also, Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered groups showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. And Gwibitang had the higher value in all the other groups in all items. From the sex ratio, the number of females were larger than the number of males in the control group, and more males than females in Gwibitang administered group. Neonatal body weight and the number of fetus of Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang group were higher than that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang did not show external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered group compared to the control group. Those variations were insignificant. There were no significant changes in number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebras. From these results, it can be concluded that Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang showed no toxic effects on maternal body weight and the number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, and reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were shown in vertebra and sternum, Bojungiggitang, Gwibitang were shown insignificant changes in bone malformation.

Effects of $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 Fatty Acid Diets on the Fatty Acid Composition of the Mesenteric and Subcutaneous Fat of Lactating Rats

  • Chung, Hae-Yun;Chung, Eun-Jung;Lee, Yang-Cha-Kim
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2001
  • Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important components of brain phospholipds and play important role (s) in brain function. In rats, the maximum brain growth occurs during the period of lactation even though it happens during the third trimester of gestation in human. Since milk contained docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) even through the maternal diet had no DHA and/or a very small amount of its precursor, $\alpha$-linolenic acid ($\alpha$-LnA), an emphasis was given to maternal adipose tissue as a reservoir of this fatty acid. We, therefore, investigated the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissues for their fatty acid composition in dams reared with different fat diets. Diets containing various amounts of $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids were given to adult female rats (200-250g) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods. Diets were composed of 10% (wt/wt) corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), perilla seed oil (PO) containing about 60% $\alpha$-LnA, or fish oil (FO) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The fatty acid ompositions of mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were measured and evaluated at Day-2 and Day-15 after parturition. In general, major characteristics of dietary fatty acid composition was reflected on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues. Dietary fatty acid composition was reflected more on mesenteric fat as compared to subcutaneous fat. Mesenteric fat was found to contain less arachidonic acid (AA) and mesenteric fats of CO, SO and PO groups contained less DHA than did the subcutaneous fat. The P/M/S ratios of adipose tissues were similar between experimental groups while dietary P/M/S ratios differed significantly. It was noticeable that a small proportion of DHA was found in the adipose tissues of animals of CO, SO and PO groups (Day-2) and in SO and PO groups (Day-15), the groups which do not contain DHA in their diets. The percentage of DHA in mesenteric fat o CO, SO and PO groups decreased as lactation continues, while the proportion of DHA in FO group increased. Adipose tissues of FO group had higher DHA/EPA ratio as compared to the diet. Considering the fact that the body contains a large amount of adipose tissues, our present finding suggests that the adipose tissue can serve as a reservoir of DHA for pregnant and lactating rats.

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파라쿼트를 투여한 백서의 급성 폐 손상 모델에서 메틸렌블루 투여가 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 유전자 발현에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Methylene Blue on Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury Induced by Paraquat)

  • 박현수;이창현;정성구;서길준;정성은;윤여규
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: This study was designed to determine if methylene blue inhibited the lipid peroxidation, the production of NO, and the gene expression of iNOS in acute lung injury induced by paraquat and if the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the control group, the group treated with paraquat only, the group treated with paraquat and a low dose of methylene blue (2 mg/kg), and the group treated with paraquat and a high dose of methylene blue (20 mg/kg). Methylene blue was administered via the jugular vein 1 h after paraquat administration, and animals were sacrificed 6 and 24 h after paraquat administration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) as an antioxidant defense, the plasma NO concentration, and the expression of iNOS mRNA in the lung tissue were measured Results: Lung MDA contents decreased, with no significant difference between the methylene-blue groups and the paraquat-only group. Lung GSH contents were significantly elevated at 24 h in the methylene-blue groups compared with the paraquat-only group. Plasma NO concentrations were significantly reduced at 6 and 24 h in the methylene-blue groups compared with the paraquat-only group. There was also a significant decrease in the plasma NO concentration at 6 h in the high-dose methylene-blue group compared with the low-dose methylene-blue group. The expression of iNOS mRNA in the lung tissue was slightly decreased in the methylene-blue groups. It was also markedly increased at 24 h in the paraquat-only group compared with the methylene-blue groups. The gene expression was relatively decreased in the high-dose methylene-blue group compared with the low-dose methylene-blue group. Conclusion: This study suggests that methylene blue has an inhibitory effect on the plasma NO concentration and the expression of iNOS mRNA in lung injury induced by paraquat. No inhibitory effect of methylene blue on lipid peroxidation or dose-dependent inhibitory effects were clearly shown.

Alcohol과 쌀 곰팡이의 Toxicity가 간(肝)의 지방(脂肪) 축적(蓄積)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Alcohol Intoxication and Moldy Rice Consumption on the Liver Lipid Content in Rat)

  • 정진은;김숙희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.37-53
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    • 1973
  • For the elucidation of the metabolic effects due to alcoholic drink and moldy rice intake author designed two experiments as follows. In the first experiment, sixty male and female rats, divided into six groups, 10 rats each in both sexes, were given 7.5% sucrose-30% alcohol solution (Jinro-Soju) and diets varied of fat content (2%, 7%, 30% of diet) and protein quality (casein, bean, anchovy) for 6 weeks. In the Second experiment, six groups of rats, 10 male rats each, were fed the diets containing zero, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% moldy rice contaminated Penicillium Islandicum and the experimental periods were 4 weeks and 6 weeks. The results of these studies due to the toxicity of alcohol consumption and moldy rice ingestion of the fatty liver production and the other effects are as follows. 1. Food intake of alcohol consumed groups decreased to 50%-70% of that of standard group. In the second study, there was no significant differences on food intake due to the different contents of moldy rice and experimental period. 2. On the view paint of body weight gain, the body weight of alcohol consumed groups gained much less than that of standard group, because food consumption was decreased due to alcohol ingestion. 3. In comparison of F.E.R. and P.E.R. between standard and experimental groups, there was no significant differences in this study. 4. As a matter of fact, there was no significance on the nitrogen balance in both studies. 5. From the result of hematology, R.B.C. counts, W.B.C. counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit showed normal values in all groups including in this study. So we might conclude that the toxicity of alcohol and moldy rice do not effect significantly on blood picture. 6. The larger organs shrank on the range of 20%-70% of that against standard group in this study. The major reason for the shrinkage of organs might be account of decreased food consumption due to alcoholic drink. There was no great changes on the organ weight due to the ingestion of moldy rice. 7. The nitrogen content in various organs in both experiments was revealed at the normal level for the worst condition in terms of the least food intake. In other word, it was noteworthy that the concentration of nitrogen in various organs was kept at the normal ratio as standard groups under the circumstances of this study. 8. The lipid content in the liver of rats fed alcohol and diets containing either various lipid contents or protein quality did not increase. Hepatic lipids accumulation due to the dietary fat content was observed, but there wvas no significances among the compared groups. In the second experiment, the difference of hepatic lipid content between the moldy rice groups and standard group was not showed. In addition to the result of total lipid, hepatic free cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride did not change in both studies, we might conclude that the toxicity of alcohol and moldy rice could not effect on the hepatic lipid contents. 9. There was no significant differences on the serum glucose level between alcohol groups and standard group. In the second experiment, serum glucose level increase in 6th week compared with in 4th week, but there was no significant differences.

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분만전후의 어미쥐의 영양부족이 새끼쥐의 뇌성장발육과 조성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Maternal Undernutrition on the Growth and Composition of Young Rat Brain)

  • 장경자;최혜미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 1981
  • 분만전후 4주동안 Sqraque Dawley 암컷 쥐에게 양적으로 식이를 제한했다. 임의로 먹인 control group의 1일평균성취량의 1/2의 시중사로를 식이제한 group에게 주었다. Deficient I group에서는 분만후부터 이유시까지 식이제한을 했고, deficient II group에서는 임신 15일부터 이유시까지 계속 식이제한을 했다. 식이제한 group의 체중과 뇌무게는 control group의 새끼쥐보다 유의적으로 낮았지만, 체중에 대한 뇌무게의 비는 control group보다 높았다. 이유시에는 두 식이제한 group사이에서 체중과 뇌무게의 유의적인 차가 나타났다. 뇌의 DNA, RNA 및 단백질함량은 control group보다 식이제한 group에서 유의적으로 낮았지만 RNA/DNA, 뇌무게/DNA 및 단백질/DNA은 control group보다 식이제한 group에서 높았다. 이것은 새끼쥐뇌에서 세포분열이 세포의 크기성장보다 이 기간중의 어미쥐의 식이제한에 의해 더욱 심한 영향을 받았음을 시사해준다. 뇌의 DNA와 RNA는 두식이제한 group간에 유의적인 차를 나타내지만, 단백질의 경우는 유의적인 차를 나타내지 않았다.

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달생탕이 랫드의 모체와 태자에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 (THe Effects of the Administration on Oriental Medicine, Dalsaengtang, in the Pregnant Rat and Their Fetuses)

  • 박해모;김창석;이선동;이장우;유재홍;김판기
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.342-352
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    • 2006
  • The experiments was undertaken to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine, Dalsaengtang, in pregnant rats and fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Dalsaengtang at dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weight of dalsaengtang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. The relative liver and kidney weights of dalsaengtang treated group were also increased to that of control group. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But Dalsaengtang administered group showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. From the sex ratio, number of females, bigger than number of males in the control group, and more males than females in Dalsaengtang administered group. Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Dalsaengtang group were increased to that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Dalsaengtang didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Dalsaengtang group but, compared to the control, those variations were insignificant. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. The number of sacral and caudal vertebrae were increased. Fetuses showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra (P<0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Dalsaengtang showed no toxicity effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were showed in vertebrate and sternum, Dalsaengtang did not shown significant changes in bone malformation.

Enhancement of peri-implant bone formation via parathyroid hormone administration in a rat model at risk for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

  • Park, Ji Young;Heo, Hyun A;Park, Suhyun;Pyo, Sung Woon
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: Dental implant-associated medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw has been frequently reported in patients administered bisphosphonates (BPs) to prevent osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on peri-implant bone in the maxillae of ovariectomized rats systemically administered BPs. Methods: Thirty 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The OVX-ZP group included ovariectomized rats administered 60 ㎍/kg of zoledronate once a week for 6 weeks and 30 ㎍/kg PTH after implant installation. The OVX-Z group included ovariectomized rats administered 60 ㎍/kg of zoledronate once a week for 6 weeks and saline after implant installation, and the control group included rats that underwent a sham operation and were then administered saline. Rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after implant placement for histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) analyses. Results: The average bone area percentage was greater in the OVX-ZP group than in the OVX-Z group (53.4%±4.0% vs. 28.9%±9.5%, P=0.01). The bone-to-implant contact ratio was 50.8%±1.4% in the OVX-ZP group and 16.9%±2.4% in the OVX-Z group (P=0.012). The average bone volume ratio as shown on micro-CT was 31.3%±19.8% in the OVX-ZP group and 19.4%±9.3% in the OVX-Z group (P=0.045). The OVX-ZP and OVX-Z groups displayed similar trabecular thickness (0.06±0.004 mm vs. 0.06±0.002 mm) (P>0.05) and trabecular separation (0.21±0.02 mm vs. 0.29±0.13 mm) (P>0.05). However, the number of trabeculae in the OVX-ZP group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Z group (4.3±1.33/㎣ vs. 2.2±0.19/㎣) (P=0.024). Conclusions: The present findings indicate that intermittently-administered PTH can promote peri-implant bone formation and suggest that PTH administration may aid in effective treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implantation.

Adjuvant로 유발된 관절염의 흰 쥐에서 초음파의 임상반응 (Clinical Responses of Ultrasound on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats)

  • 이동진
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ultrasound on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in 26 female Sprauge-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of a single dose of .1 mL of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (1 mg of Mycobacterium Butyricum suspended in .1 $m{\ell}$ paraffin oil) into the right hind paw. After confirming inflammatory edema and arthritis in the paw 2 weeks later, the arthritic rats were divided into 3 groups, i.e., a control group, a pulsed ultrasound group (Group A), and a continuous ultrasound group (Group B) with 8 rats placed in each group. The rats in Group A were treated with pulsed ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency with .5 $W/cm^2$ intensity in 1 : 4 mode for 3 minutes. The rats in Group B were treated with continuous ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency with 2 $W/cm^2$ intensity in the continuous mode for 3 minutes. The ultrasound treatment was done in the left and right ankles for 2 weeks. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic findings were then evaluated before and after treatment and yielded the following results. 1. No significant difference was present in body weight between the control group and the treated groups. 2. A statistically significant decrease in the edema of the paw was seen in the rats in Group A that was treated with pulsed ultrasound by 26~29 days after the treatment started (p<.05). 3. According to radiological examination, Group A showed the lowest score in arthritis scale which means it showed a tendency to suppress arthritic inflammation of the left and right hind paws. However, no statistically significant difference was present in the score between the control group, Group A and Group B. 4. According to histopathologic findings, the degree of infiltration by inflammatory cells and hypertrophy of the synovium were less in Group A compared with the control group and Group B. The results of the study show that rats that were treated with the pulsed ultrasound effectively suppressed adjuvant arthritis. However, more effort is needed to objectively prove the effectiveness of ultrasound by developing more sensitive testing methods that could quantitatively evaluate the treatment effects of acute rheumatoid arthritis and by trying out different ultrasound treatment methods.

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구기자(枸杞子)가 난소적출(卵巢摘出) 흰쥐의 골조직대사(骨組織代謝)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Lycii Fructus on the Ovariectomized Osteoporosis of Rats)

  • 구용모;김성훈;김은영;이현삼;최현;손영주;정혁상;손낙원
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.144-154
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disorders in the menopausal stage, a disease signified by decrease of bone mass. The purpose of this study was to learn how Lycii Fructus influences SD rats with osteoporosis caused by the removal of the ovaries. Methods: After the removal of the ovaries from 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats, they were divided into a normal group, a control group, and a Lycii Fructus (25mg/100g) administration group. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their weights, albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, E2, weight of a femur, ash content of the tibia, and area and thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: Regarding the density of ALT, ALP, and estradiol from serum, the Lycii Fructus group was significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the density of phosphorous and calcium also decreased slightly. Moreover, albumin, triglyceride, and T4 showed an increasing propensity, but AST and total-cholesterol showed a decreasing propensity, but not significant. Regarding the variation of bone, femur weight and ash content of tibia, the Lycii Fructus group was increased compared to the control group but significance wasn't shown. The Lycii Fructus group increased significantly over the control group in area and thickness of trabecular bone and osteoclast number. Conclusions: From the results of the above study, Lycii Fructus should be effective for osteoporosis treatment and prevention.

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Development of Neuropathic Pain Behavior and Expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 after Spinal Cord Hemisection

  • Park, Hea-Woon;Son, Jo-Young;Cho, Yun-Woo;Hwang, Se-Jin;Kim, Su-Jeong;Ahn, Sang-Ho;Jang, Sung-Ho;Jung, Yong-Jae
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of pain behavior and the expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at above and below the level of hemisection of the spinal cord in a rat model. Methods: Spinal cords of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 16, 200~250 g, 6~8 weeks old) were hemisected at T13 on the right side to develop the spinal hemisection injury model. We compared behavioral responses of the hemisection and of a sham surgery group. Behavioral tests for motor function (by the BBB locomotor scale), and for pain response for mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed postoperatively (PO) for 21 days. Expression of mRNA for chemokines and their receptors (CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1) below and above the level of the spinal cord dissection were examined by RT-PCR. Results: We observed gradual motor improvement and the development of mechanical and cold allodynia on the ipsilateral hindpaw after spinal hemisection injury. We also found upregulation of mRNA expression of CCL2/CCR2 both above and below the level of spinal cord dissection but CX3CL1/CX3CR1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 is associated with neuropathic pain after spinal hemisection injury. CCL2/CCR2 may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain after SCI as well as of peripheral neuropathic pain. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain after SCI.