• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1019-1027
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• 2022

Objective: Thyroidectomy bed lesions frequently show suspicious ultrasound (US) features after thyroid surgery. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may not provide definitive pathological information about the lesions. Although core-needle biopsy (CNB) has excellent diagnostic performance in characterizing suspicious thyroid nodules, no published studies have evaluated the performance of CNB specifically for thyroidectomy bed lesions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of CNB for characterizing thyroidectomy bed lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 thyroidectomy bed lesions in 113 patients (79 female and 34 male; age, 23-85 years) who underwent US-guided CNB between December 2008 and December 2020 were included. We reviewed the US imaging features of the target lesions and the histories of previous biopsies. The pathologic results, diagnostic performance for malignancy, and complications of CNB were analyzed. Results: All samples (100%) obtained by CNB were adequate for pathological analysis. Pathological analysis revealed inconclusive results in two lesions (1.6%). According to the reference standard, 50 lesions were ultimately malignant (40.3%), and 72 were benign (58.1%), excluding the two inconclusive lesions. The performance of CNB for diagnosing malignant thyroidectomy bed lesions in the 122 lesions had a sensitivity of 98.0% (49/50), a specificity of 100% (72/72), positive predictive value of 100% (49/49), and negative predictive value of 98.6% (72/73). Eleven lesions were referred for CNB after prior inconclusive FNA results in thyroidectomy bed lesions, for all of which CNB yielded correct conclusive pathologic diagnoses. According to the pathological analysis of CNB, there were various benign lesions (58.9%, 73/124) besides recurrence, including benign postoperative lesions other than suture granuloma (32.3%, 40/124), suture granuloma (15.3%, 19/124), remnant thyroid tissue (5.6%, 7/124), parathyroid lesions (4%, 5/124), and abscesses (1.6%, 2/124). No major or minor complications were associated with the CNB procedure. Conclusion: US-guided CNB is accurate and safe for characterizing thyroidectomy bed lesions.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 1980

The pharmacological and microbiological studies of Cefoperazone (T-1551, Toyama Chemical Co., Japan) were conducted in vitro and in vivo. The studies included stability and physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, animal and human pharmacokinetics, animal pharmacodynamics and safety evaluation of Cefoperazone sodium for injection. 1) Stability and physicochemical characteristics. Sodium salt of cefoperazone for injection had a general appearance of white crystalline powder which contained 0.5% water, and of which melting point was $187.2^{\circ}C$. The pH's of 10% and 25% aqueous solutions were 5.03 ana 5.16 at $25^{\circ}C$. The preparations of cefoperazone did not contain any pyrogenic substances and did not liberate histamine in cats. The drug was highly compatible with common infusion solutions including 5% Dextrose solution and no significant potency decrease was observed in 5 hours after mixing. Powdered cefoperazone sodium contained in hermetically sealed and ligt-shielded container was highly stable at $4^circ}C{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. When stored at $4^{\circ}C$ the potency was retained almost completely for up to one year. 2) Antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates. Among the 230 clinical isolates included, Salmonella typhi was the most susceptible to cefoperazone, with 100% inhibition at MIC of ${\leq}0.5{\mu}g/ml$. Cefoperazone was also highly active against Streptococcus pyogenes(group A), Kletsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri, with 100% inhibition at $16{\mu}g/ml$ or less. More than 80% of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella paratyphi was inhibited at ${\leq}16{\mu}/ml$, while Enterobacter cloaceae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aerogenosa were somewhat less sensitive to cefoperagone, with inhibitions of 60%, 55% and 35% respectively at the same MIC. 3) Animal pharmacokinetics Serum concentration, organ distritution and excretion of cefoperazone in rats were observed after single intramuscular injections at doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. The extent of protein binding to human plasma protein was also measured in vitro br equilibrium dialysis method. The mean Peak serum concentrations of $7.4{\mu}g/ml$ and $16.4{\mu}/ml$ were obtained at 30 min. after administration of cefoperazone at doses of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively. The tissue concentrations of cefoperazone measured at 30 and 60 min. were highest in kidney. And the concentrations of the drug in kidney, liver and small intestine were much higher than in blood. Urinary and fecal excretion over 24 hours after injetcion ranged form 12.5% to 15.0% in urine and from 19.6% to 25.0% in feces, indicating that the gastrointestinal system is more important than renal system for the excretion of cefoperazone. The extent of binding to human plasma protein measured by equilibrium dialysis was $76.3%{\sim}76.9%$, which was somewhat lower than the others utilizing centrifugal ultrafiltration method. 4) Animal pharmacodynamics Central nervous system : Effects of cefoperazone on the spontaneous movement and general behavioral patterns of rats, the pentobarbital sleeping time in mice and the body temperature in rabbits were observed. Single intraperitoneal injections at doses of $500{\sim}2,000mg/kg$ in rats did not affect the spontaneous movement ana the general behavioral patterns of the animal. Doses of $125{\sim}500mg/kg$ of cefoperazone injected intraperitonealy in mice neither increased nor decreased the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. In rabbits the normal body temperature was maintained following the single intravenous injections of $125{\sim}2,000mg/kg$ dose. Respiratory and circulatory system: Respiration rate, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG of anesthetized rabbits were monitored for 3 hours following single intravenous injections of cefoperazone at doses of $125{\sim}2,000mg/kg$. The respiration rate decreased by $3{\sim}l7%$ at all the doses of cefoperazone administered. Blood pressure did not show any changes but slight decrease from 130/113 to 125/107 by the highest dose(2,000 mg/kg) injected in this experiment. The dosages of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg seemed to slightly decrease the heart rate, but it was not significantly different from the normal control. All the doses of cefoperazone injected were not associated with any abnormal changes in ECG findings throughout the monitering period. Autonomic nervous system and smooth muscle: Effects of cefoperazone on the automatic movement of rabbit isolated small intestine, large intestine, stomach and uterus were observed in vitro. The autonomic movement and tonus of intestinal smooth muscle increased at dose of $40{\mu}g/ml$ in small intestine and at 0.4 mg/ml in large intestine. However, in stomach and uterine smooth muscle the autonomic movement was slightly increased by the much higher doses of 5-10 mg/ml. Blood: In vitro osmotic fragility of rabbit RBC suspension was not affected by cefoperazone of $1{\sim}10mg/ml$. Doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/ml were associated with 11.8% and 15.3% prolongation of whole blood coagulation time. Liver and kidney function: When measured at 3 hours after single intravenous injections of cefoperaonze in rabbits, the values of serum GOT, GPT, Bilirubin, TTT, BUN and creatine were not significantly different from the normal control. 5) Safety evaluation Acute toxicity: The acute toxicity of cefoperazone was studied following intraperitoneal and intravenous injections to mice(A strain, 4 week old) and rats(Sprague-Dawler, 6 week old). The LD_(50)'s of intraperitonealy injected cefoperazone were 9.7g/kg in male mice, 9.6g/kg in female mice and over 15g/kg in both male and female rats. And when administered intravenously in rats, LD_(50)'s were 5.1g/kg in male and 5.0g/kg in female. Administrations of the high doses of the drug were associated with slight inhibition of spontaneous movement and convulsion. Atdominal transudate and intestinal hyperemia were observed in animals administered intraperitonealy. In rats receiving high doses of the drug intravenously rhinorrhea and pulmonary congestion and edema were also observed. Renal proximal tubular epithelial degeneration was found in animals dosing in high concentrations of cefoperazone. Subacute toxicity: Rats(Sprague-Dawley, 6 week old) dosing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day of cefoperazone intraperitonealy were observed for one month and sacrificed at 24 hours after the last dose. In animals with a high dose, slight inhibition of spontaneous movement was observed during the experimental period. Soft stool or diarrhea appeared at first or second week of the administration in rats receiving 2.0g/kg. Daily food consumption and weekly weight gain were similar to control during the administration. Urinalysis, blood chemistry and hematology after one month administration were not different from control either. Cecal enlargement, which is an expected effect of broad spectrum antibiotic altering the normal intestinal microbial flora, was observed. Intestinal or peritoneal congestion and peritonitis were found. These findings seemed to be attributed to the local irritation following prolonged intraperitoneal injections of hypertonic and acidic cefoperazone solution. Among the histopathologic findings renal proximal tubular epithelial degeneration was characteristic in rats receiving 1 and 2g/kg/day, which were 10 and 20 times higher than the maximal clinical dose (100 mg/kg) of the drug. 6) Human pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations and urinary excretion were determined following a single intravenous injection of 1g cefoperazone in eight healthy, male volunteers. Mean serum concentrations of 89.3, 61.3, 26.6, 12.3, 2.3, and $1.8{\mu}g/ml$ occured at 1,2,4,6,8 and 12 hours after injection respectively, and the biological half-life was 108 minutes. Urinary excretion over 24 hours after injection was up to 43.5% of administered dose.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure pain. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu Kyung Pook University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 179 cases, 51.6 % were male and 48.4 % were female. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 31.8 % and 20~29, 27.4 %. Among the 179 cases, 51.6% were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, 41.1% and 4 to 5, 25.6%. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, 46.4% among the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40~69만원, 45.2%. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was 52.0%. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was 44.7%, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, 60.3% were injured and in work places of 100~299 people, 20.1% were injured. In manufacturing, the lagest group injured was 55.3%, the next group was transport, stroage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was 40.2%. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, 33.5%. The next group was unsafe habits, 30.2% a lack of safety knowledge, 17.9% and insufficient supervision, 12.3%. The 30~39 year age group was head the highest number of injuries, 40.4% work places with more than 10 yeras of work, 44.4% work palces with more than 1000 people, 56.3% and mining accidents, 80.0%. Among these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries 28.5% as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects 17.3%, fire & electric 15.1%, struke by an object 14.5%, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed 46.4 % among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5~10 year group, 50.0 % places employing more than 1000 workers, 35.3 % : construction 73.7%, and construction workers 57.1%, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures 54.8%, trauma 14.5%, amputation 11.7%, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30~39 year age group, 63.2 % over 10 years of work, 55.6% in work places of 300~400 people, 63.6% construction 63.2% and general workers 57.2 %. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity 45.3%, lower extremity 24.0%, trunk 18.5 % and head or neck 12.2%. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less 20 years old 75.0%, less than 1 years of work 59.5%, in work places of 500~999 people 60.0%, manufacturing 56.6 % and production workers 55.6%. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 August, 22 people July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work(r=.2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation(r =.4372) p<0.001.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 1993

옥수수에 자연 발생하는 F. monliforme MRC 826을 옥수수에 배양하여 배양물에 존재하는 fumonisin $B_{1}$을 정성검사 한 후, 배양물질의 독성 및 발암성을 aflatoxin $B_{1}$과 비교하여 보았다. 독성 시험은 3주령의 Sprague-Dawley(SD) 암컷 랫드 10마리를 각 군당 5마리씩 2개 군으로 나누어 제1군은 시험 군으로 배양물질을 분말사료와 1 : 1로 혼합하여 1주간 급여하였고, 제 2군은 대조군으로 분말사료만을 급여하면서 실험하였다. 시험군은 급여 3~4일경부터 침울해 보였으며, 랫드 1마리당 1주간 평균 사료 섭취량은 24 g이었고, 평균 체중은 18 g 감소하였다. 부검 시 신장의 피막박리가 곤란하였고 조직 검사 결과 간장의 공포변성에 신장 세뇨관 상피세포의 괴사등의 관찰되었다. 발암성 검사 6주령의 SD 수컷 랫드 70마리를 사용하여 중기 발암성 검색법인 diethylnitrosamine-partial hepatectomy (DEN-PH) 모델로 시험하였다. 시험군은 각 군당 14마리씩 총 5개군을 두었으며 실험 0일 때 DEN을 복상내로 투여하였고, 2주후에 제 1군(양성대조군)은 aflatoxin $B_{1}$을 2ppm 농도로 첨가한 사료를, 제4군 옥수수를 5% 농도로 첨가한 사료를, 제 5군은 옥수를 2.5% 농도로 첨가한 사료를 각각 6주간 급여하였다. 실험 3주간에 간 부분 절제술을 시술하였고, 8주간 체중변화, 사료섭취량 음수량을 측정한 후 부검하여 간장은 glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) 면역조직화학적 염색을 실시하였고, 뇌, 뇌하수체, 융선, 폐, 부신, 신장, 심장, 비장, 정낭선, 고환 및 간장 등은 H&E 염색을 하여 병변을 관찰하였다. GST-P 염색결과 5% 배양물질 투여군은 aflatoxin $B_{1}$투여군과 유사하게 GST-P 양성병소의 발현율이 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 증가를 보였다. 5% 배양물질 투여군 및 2.5% 배양물질 투여군은 옥수수 투여군에 비하여 증체율의 저하가 관찰되었고, 5% 배양물질 투여군에서 간, 신장, 고환 및 정낭선등의 체중에 대한 상대중량비, 혈액요소질소와 평균 적혈구 혈색소량 등은 옥수수 투여군에 비하여 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 F. monliforme MRC 826 배양물질은 랫드의 간과 신장에 독성을 나타내었고, aflatoxin $B_{1}$과 마찬가지로 간암 촉진효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2011

목적: 겨울철 스포츠로서 스키와 스노우 보드를 즐기는 인구가 점차 증가하여 대중화 되고 있다. 안전 장비에 대한 인식도 발전하여 스키나 스노우 보드에서 헬멧의 착용도 늘었고, 이 영향으로 두부나 안면부 손상의 비율은 감소하였다. 그러나 헬멧의 착용이 경추부 손상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대하여 아직 잘 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 이에 대한 연구를 통하여 경추부손상의 감소를 위한 효과적인 보호장비의 개발에 도움이 되고자 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년 12월부터 2010년 3월까지, 2010년 12월부터 2011년 3월까지 2시즌 동안 국내 대형 리조트에서 스키 및 스노우 보드 손상으로 의무 시설에 내원한 환자 14,538명 중 경추부 손상으로 내원한 658명을 대상으로 하였으며, 남자 432명, 여자 226명이 내원하였고, 상급자 273명 초급자 385명 이었다. 이들을 대상으로 헬멧을 착용 한 군과 착용하지 않은 군으로 나누어 경추 손상 비율, 수상 기전, 손상의 정도 및 진단된 질환에 대하여 조사하였다. 각각의 군은 SPSS 12.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)를 사용하여 통계학적으로 처리 하였다. 결과: 스키 손상으로 인한 환자는 312명, 스노우 보드 손상은 346명 이었으며, 헬멧을 착용한 수상자는 스키 143명, 스노우 보드 140명 이었다. 각 질환 별 분류는 단순 염좌 292명, 타박상 359명, 경추부 골절 6명, 탈구 1명이며, 수상 원인 별 분류에서 대인 충돌 287명, 대물 충돌 212명, 혼자서 넘어진 경우 108명, 낙상 39명, 기타 12명으로 나타났다. 헬멧을 쓴 경우 스키 78명/스노우 보드 70명에서 단순 염좌 였고, 스키 64명/스노우 보드 68명에서 타박상으로 나타났으며, 스키 1명/ 스노우 보드 2명에서 경추부의 골절이나 탈구가 발생하였다. 헬멧을 쓴 경우 헬멧을 착용하지 않은 경우에 비하여 경추부 염좌의 빈도는 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.001), 헬멧을 착용하지 않은 경우 헬멧을 착용한 경우에 비하여 좌상의 빈도가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 골절, 탈구에서는 헬멧을 쓴 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우를 비교하였을 때 수상빈도의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서 헬멧이 스키와 스노우 보드에서 공히 추가적인 경추 손상의 발생과 심각도를 증가시키지 않았고, 대인 손상시에 헬멧의 사용은 경추부 염좌의 빈도가 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가되었으나 좌상의 빈도는 감소하였다. 그러나 추가적인 생체 역학적 연구가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.864-869
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• 2006

목 적 : 폴리오 백신은 OPV와 IPV가 있으며 모두 탁월한 예방효과를 보여 이제는 지구상에서의 폴리오 근절을 기대하게 되었다. 그러나 OPV 백신바이러스의 유전자 변형과 이로 인한 마비환자 발생이 알려지면서 폴리오 근절을 위해서는 반드시 OPV를 중단하고 IPV를 사용하게 되었다. 우리나라에서도 2002년 이후 새로운 eIPV 사용이 추천되었으며 2005년말 부터는 eIPV만을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 국내에 도입된 eIPV의 면역원성과 안정성을 확인 하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 생후 2개월 된 건강한 영아 81명을 대상으로 폴리오백신을 2개월 간격으로 3회 접종한 후 혈청 내 중화항체가를 측정하였다. 폴리오 백신은 Imvax $Polio^{(R)}$(Aventis Pasteur, Lyon, France)로 단독 또는 DTaP와 B형 간염 또는 Hib 백신을 동시에 접종하였다. 면역원성은 접종 전 및 3회 접종 1개월 후에 혈청 내 중화항체가를 측정하였다. eIPV의 안전성은 접종 후 30분 동안 병원에서 조기 이상반응을 관찰하였으며 접종 후 3일간은 보호자에 의해 국소 및 전신 반응을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 81명 중 79명이 성공적으로 연구를 마쳤다. eIPV 접종 전 및 3회 접종 후 혈청 내 중화 항체가(GMT)는 폴리오바이러스 1형은 접종 전 4.1에서 접종 후 1,531로 증가하였으며, 2형은 접종 전 7.7에서 접종 후 834로 증가하였고, 3형은 접종 전 3.3 에서 접종 후 846으로 증가하였다. 3회 접종 후 중화 항체가의 양전율은 1, 2, 3형 모두 100%를 보였다. 이상 반응으로는 발적(3.4%) 동통(2.5%) 등의 국소반응과 보챔(9.7%), 기면(5.5%), 식욕부진(4.6%), 발열(4.2%) 등의 전신반응이 있었으며 모두 해열제 사용 등 간단한 처치로 회복되었다. 결 론 : 최근 국내에 도입된 eIPV(Imovax $Polio^{(R)}$)는 면역원성이 높고 안전성이 확인되어 안심하고 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2012

어린이집 유아 손의 미생물 오염도를 분석하고 손 씻기 교육의 미생물 저감화 효과를 실험하여 어린이집 유아 손의 위생 안전성을 확보하고자 어린이집 유아 59명을 대상으로 실험하였다. 일반세균수의 경우 평균 $3.72{\pm}0.38log\;CFU/hand$로 검출되었고, 위생지표미생물인 대장균군의 경우 남자어린이 18명 중 2명(11.1%)과 여자어린이 17명 중 3명(17.6%), 총 35명 중 5명(14.3%)에서 검출되어 어린이들에 대한 반복적인 손 씻기 지도가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. $Staph.$ $aureus$는 35명 중 9명(25.7%), $B.$ $cereus$는 35명 중 16명(45.7%)에서 검출되었고 남자어린이의 손이 식중독 미생물 오염에 가장 취약한 것으로 나타났다. $Staph.$ $aureus$ 장독소는 9균주 중 $Staph.$ $aureus$ Hand-1 한 균주에서만 SEA 장독소가 검출되었으나 HBL과 NHE 장독소 중 한 가지 이상의 장독소를 생산하는 $B.$ $cereus$는 총 12균주(70.0%)로 나타나 어린이 손에 의한 교차오염 위험성이 상존한다고 판단되었다. 손 씻기 교육의 미생물 저감화 효과를 실험한 결과 교육을 실시한 그룹이 0.18 log CFU/hand 일반세균수가 더 저감화가 되었으나 저감화 정도가 매우 미약하여 손에 부착되어 있는 세균을 완전히 제거하기 위해서는 손 씻기와 손 소독을 병행하며 지속적인 손 씻기 교육을 실시하여야할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2013

본 연구는 Spragye-Dawely 계통의 암컷 랫드에서 종합비타민의 반복경구투여 독성평가와 대식세포 Raw 264.7 세포의 NO 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ assay를 통한 면역 활성을 평가하기 위해서 실시하였다. 종합비타민을 대식세포의 활성능을 측정하기 위해 Raw 264.7 세포에서 NO와 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성을 측정하였다. 종합비타민을 대식세포에 24시간 처리한 결과 대조군과 비교 시 NO와 TNF-${\alpha}$가 유의적으로 상승하였다. 이 결과 종합비타민이 대식세포인 Raw 264.7 세포를 활성화시키는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 랫드에서 종합비타민의 독성평가를 위하여 랫드에 종합비타민을 0.24 g/kg, 1 g/kg 그리고 2 g/kg을 4주 동안 경구투여를 하였다. 종합비타민의 안전성을 확인하기 위해 다음과 같은 관찰 및 검사를 하였다. 검사항목으로는 체중과 사료 섭취량, 임상증상, 혈청생화학적 검사를 관찰한 결과 대조군과 투여군을 비교 시 유의적인 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 종합비타민은 생리대사에 무해하며 면역증강의 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

홍삼의 여성성기능 장애 개선과 건강관련 삶의 질 개선 효과를 규명하기 위해 성기능 저하를 호소하는 만 30세 이상 45세 미만의 기혼여성을 대상으로 6주간의 기본 투약기간을 두 번 거친 총 20주 동안의 교차 임상시험을 진행한 결과 대상자들 모두에서 성기능 개선과 일반적 건강수준 향상, 삶의 질 개선 효과가 나타났으나 홍삼과 대조약의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 특히 대부분의 유효성 평가 항목들이 대상약에 상관없이 1차 투약에서 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였고, 홍삼과 대조약의 효과가 크게 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 성욕 (desire)의 경우는 모든 대상자에서 홍삼을 복용한 경우가 대조약을 복용한 경우보다 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였으며, 일반적 건강수준과 삶의 질 개선에 있어서는 특히 신체적 기능 (PF)이 정신적 요소보다 홍삼을 복용한 경우에 좀 더 개선되는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 정서적 반응에 의해 높은 변동을 보일 수 있는 대상 질환의 특성 상대조약의 높은 위약효과에 의해 홍삼의 유의한 효과가 가려졌음에도 불구하고 홍삼의 보기온양 (補氣溫陽)하는 효과가 실제적으로 발휘된 것으로 생각되었으며, 신체적 건강수준 개선과 더불어 홍삼에 일정한 성기능 개선 효과가 있음을 유추할 수 있게 하였다. 따라서 본 연구 방법을 토대로 향후 성기능장애와 같은 기능성 장애에 대한 강한 위약 효과를 고려한 좀 더 많은 수의 대상자를 포함한 장기간의 추가 임상 시험 연구가 이루어진다면 신체적 건강과 삶의 질, 그리고 성기능 개선에 관한 홍삼의 유의한 효과를 규명할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.151-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure plan. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals : two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu : Kyung pooh University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as fellows : 1. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were male and $48.4\%$ were female. The two largest age groups were 30-39, $31.8\%$ and 20-29, $27.4\%$. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, $41.1\%$ and 4 to 5, $25.6\%$. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, $46.4\%$ among ,the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40-69 만원, $45.2\%$. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was $52.0\%$. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was $44.7\%$, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, $60.3\%$ were injured and in work places of 100-299 people, $20.1\%$ were injured. In manufacturing, the largest group injured was $55.3\%$, the next group was transport, storage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was $40.2\%$. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, $33.5\%$. The next group was unsafe habits, $30.2\%$ ; a lack of safety knowledge, $17.9\%$ ; and insufficient supervision, $12.3\%$. The 30-39 year age group head the highest number of injuries, $40.4\%$ ; work places with more than 10 years of work, $44.4\%$ ; work places with more than 1000 people, $56.3\%$ and mining accidents, $80.0\%$. Among. these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries $28.5\%$ as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects $17.3\%$, fire & electric $15.1\%$, strucke by an object $14.5\%$, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed $46.4\%$ among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5-10 year group, $50.0\%$ ; places employing more than 1000 workers, $35.3\%$ ; construction $73.7\%$, and construction workers $57.1\%$, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures $54.8\%$, trauma $14.5\%$, amputation $11.7\%$, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30-39 year age group, $63.2\%$ : over 10 years of work, $55.0\%$ ; in work places of 300-490 people, $63.6\%$ ; construction $63.2\%$ and general workers $57.2\%$. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity $45.3\%$, lower extremity $24.0\%$, trunk $18.5\%$ and head or neck $12.2\%$. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less than 20 years old $75.0\%$, less than 1 year or work $59.5\%$, in work places of 500-999 people $60.0\%$, manufacturing $56.6\%$ and production workers $55.6\%$. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 ; August, 22 people : July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people ; followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people ; followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work (r=2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation (r=4372) p<0.001.