• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to develop a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea and to evaluate the validity of the FFQ. A total of 80 food items were selected in developing the FFQ according to consumption frequency, the contribution of energy and other nutrients, and the cooking methods based on one-day 24 hour recall (24HR) from 918 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2006 and November 2007. The FFQ was validated by comparison with 24HR of 425 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2008 and August 2009. The absolute nutrient intake calculated from the FFQ was higher than that estimated by 24HR for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between 24HR and FFQ ranged from 0.10 (vitamin C) - 0.36 (energy) for crude intake, 0.05 (vitamin E) - 0.32 (calcium) for per 1000 kcal, and 0.08 (zinc) - 0.34 (calcium) for energy-adjusted, respectively. More than 70% of subjects were classified into the same or adjacent agreement groups for nutrients other than fiber, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, while less than 10% of subjects were classified into complete disagreement groups. We conclude that the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for estimating nutrient intake and dietary patterns of Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea. Future studies to validate the FFQ using various biomarkers or other dietary assessment methods are needed.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of Filipino marriage immigrants' acculturation stages in regards to their Korean family life culture and to identify the source of the support for each stage, hence to provide information for educational programs that would promote successful acculturation for each stage. The following findings have been obtained through in-depth interviews with 18 female Filipino immigrants to Korea. In a range of obstacles from the Honeymoon Stage to the Confusion stage, the first are the language and the aspects of the food/cooking/ingredients/diet that are different from their own culture. Especially, pregnancy/childbirth is a major change in one's life and the biggest challenge in the acculturation process. As food and cooking are the first change that the immigrants have to face and get accustomed to in the early stage of their Korean life, the food culture is rather easier for the immigrants to get accustomed to than other parts of Korean life. From the Honeymoon Stage to the Harmony Stage, the immigrants make efforts to help their family in the home, while they look to their future in their children during the Autonomy Stage. Regardless of how long they have been in Korea, from the Honeymoon Stage to the Autonomy Stage, the immigrants have a hard time with the patriarchal environment in Korea due to the bilateral nature of kinship in the Philippines. Secondly, the immigrants receive the most support from their husband, family, and the tutors in Korean culture, while their mothers-in-law are the main source of the support for the Korean diet. At the Confusion Stage, the immigrants start visiting the regional multicultural family support centers and get help from the friends they meet there while depending on the TV for cooking tips. From the Harmony Stage, they may seek a job through the community network with their own effort and their children's help. In the Autonomy Stage, they are concerned about their children rather than their own parents, and they find their own identity as a Korean and realize that their effort is important.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.891-902
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• 2008

Some Korean men choose to marry a foreigner expecting that marriage will solve all their problems. Therefore, this case study is to provide basic information on how to prevent conflicts in the marriage and how to get used to the marriage life. first, it is apparent that these match-makings between Korean men and married Female Immigrants are commercialized and are based on the two parties' convenience. Second, it is more possible that the issues with the role of husband/wife and the allocation of household labor stem from the cultural differences from international racial differences rather than Korean men are authoritative or patriarchal. It seems that the foreign brides from the third world countries choose to many Korean men with only a single purpose to financially help their parents. While neither willing to share household labor nor providing what is expected to be a wife, they demand financial assists for their parents or choose to get a job at a factory to make money. Third, the husbands expect their wives to learn Korean since there is not much opportunity to learn the wives' language and the culture. Also, the textbooks are rare to find for the languages. Moreover, the husbands do not have the enthusiasm or the ability to team due to age Fourth, the Korean men are rather psychological, financial, social victims than domestic abusers.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2020

본 연구는 지난 10년간 국내 결혼이주여성을 대상으로 이루어진 건강문해력 연구의 실태와 동향을 확인하기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 웹 데이터베이스를 통해 총 107편의 관련 연구가 검색되었고 이 중 선정기준에 부합한 10편을 최종 분석하였다. 결혼이주여성의 건강문해력에 대한 연구는 간호학 등 보건의료계열에서 실시된 연구가 많았다. 대다수가 조사연구였으며 중재연구는 없었다. 베트남, 중국, 필리핀 등 주요 출신국 여성이 포함된 연구가 많았고, 접근성 등의 이유로 200명 미만의 대상자를 일부 지역에서 편의 표집한 연구가 많았다. 건강문해력 측정 도구로는 KHLAT가 가장 빈번하게 사용되었다. 추후 연구를 위해 학제 간 교류를 통해 보건의료계열과 타 분야와의 공동연구가 필요하며, 현장 실무자가 연구에 적극 참여하는 환경을 마련해야 할 것이다. 또한 지역사회 기반의 건강문해력 향상 중재연구를 실시할 필요가 있으며, 전국 단위의 폭넓은 대상자를 포함한 연구가 더욱 진행되어야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 건강문해력 도구 적용 상의 방법론적 일관성을 높이고 나아가 표준화된 도구를 개발하기 위한 노력이 요구된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the overall changes in dietary intake and metabolic syndrome risk parameters in Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this study were 581 Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants, who were recruited from local clinical centers in Korea. Baseline data were collected from 2006-2011 and the follow-up data were collected from 2012-2014. Dietary food intake was assessed by a 1-day 24-hour recall method. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline, the mean body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased while the fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased at follow-up. The total consumption of foods such as vegetables/fruits/seaweeds/mushrooms, oil and fat, and eggs decreased during the follow-up period, whereas the consumption of sugars, beverages and meats increased. Partial correlation between the rate of change [(Follow-up - Baseline) / Baseline ${\times}100$] in metabolic syndrome risk parameters and food intake after controlling for confounding factors showed that the waist circumference was positively correlated with either the total plant food intake (r = 0.1042, P = 0.0129) or the total food intake (r = 0.0880, P = 0.0359). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (r = -0.1918, P = 0.0289) and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.1424, P = 0.0007) were negatively correlated with the percentage of total intake from plant food, and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with the intake of total animal food (r = 0.0980, P = 0.0217). The serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the total intake of animal food (r = 0.2374, P < 0.0001) or the percentage of total intake from animal food (r = 0.1346, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the change rate of dietary intake such as total plant food or animal food is associated with the change rates of metabolic syndrome risk parameters.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the married female immigrants' experience on Korean dietary life adaptation, especially identifying the symbolic meaning and nature of experiences. Methods: This study was conducted with six married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials which consisted of in-depth interviews, field notes and materials. Data was analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research methods. Results: The results were deduced as 116 significant statements, 17 formulated meanings (sub-theme), and 6 theme clusters. Six theme clusters comprised of lack of preliminary knowledge and information, conflict and support in relationships, Korean food culture which is different from homeland, adaptation attitudes of Korean food culture according to situation, sharing of homeland food culture, and practical difficulty and expectative service. The participants started Korean life in the dark about Korea and Korean food culture, so they were subjected to trial and error. The conflict between Korean mother-in-law and foreign daughter-in-law came from lack of consideration of daughter-in-law's cultural background. Some participants were hurt because of misunderstanding and nitpicking. They were learning about cooking method, ingredient, seasoning, table setting and manner. Some participants integrated Korean food culture and their homeland food culture. Some of them assimilated with Korean food culture. One of them maintained homeland food culture. The participants who adapted Korean food culture well could share homeland food amicably. They sometimes didn't apply the services which were offered by the government, because the services did not fit their needs. Some of them didn't know the usage route of the services or information. They had resistance about home teaching and it showed that outreach service was not always effective. Conclusions: This study suggested that it is necessary to develop a practical support plan which covers married female immigrants' real needs and system improvement measures.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

It is common that most countries focus on the development of their capital cities. As a result, other areas do not develop as well as capital cities. Some areas even develop into a kind of distressed community. This leads to the outflow of population and also difficulties for remaining people in these areas. Under such social background, international marriages are on the increase in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities, causing many problems in connection with that. Many researches on multi-cultural families had been conducted recently, but most of them approached their studies from the viewpoint of social welfare. The physical, economical and cultural environments of multi-cultural families are closely connected to each other. Therefore it is necessary to study these families from a holistic point of view. Therefore the purpose of the research is to study the living conditions and the potential needs of married female immigrants in an in-depth and holistic way. The direction of residential planning for multi-families is also provided. To do that, there are three stages of the research which are theoretical review, preliminary survey and main survey. Methods of literature review, workshop, and questionnaire are used. Based on the results of the research, recommendations for the direction of multi-cultural families residential planning are provided. Physically, living-room, bedroom, kitchen and toilet should be adjusted based on their needs. Socially, the feelings of alienation and exclusion should be reduced for married female immigrants. Economically, it is necessary to find a way to make sure that the second generations of multi-cultural families do not inherit poverty from their parents. Culturally, it is important to consider the different needs of immigrants and to embrace their own culture.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.208-211
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• 2017

한국에 거주하는 이민자들의 겪는 가장 큰 어려움은 언어 문제이다. 우리는 조사를 통하여 이민자에게 적합한 한국어 교육 콘텐츠가 생각보다 많이 부족한 실정임을 파악하였다. 앞의 문제에 도움이 될 수 있도록 우리는 한국어 생활회화 교육용 모바일 게임을 제작하게 되었다. 제안하는 게임은 세종학당 온라인 과정을 기반으로 하여 실생활에서 바로 사용할 수 있는 생활 회화로 구성하였다. 게임의 대상으로는 외국인 주민 중에 수가 많고 한국어 교육이 매우 필요하지만 접할 수 있는 기회가 상대적으로 적은 중국 출신인 여성 결혼이민자를 선정하였다. 여성 결혼이민자의 경우 의사소통은 가능하지만 문장을 구성하는 것이 매끄럽지 않다는 특징을 가지고 있었다. 이런 특징을 고려하여 어절 단위로 문제를 맞출 수 있는 게임 방식을 선택하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2016

본 연구는 광주지역에 거주하는 결혼이주여성 83명을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 신체 계측 및 혈압측정, 식품 및 영양소 섭취량을 조사하여 결혼이주 여성의 영양섭취상태 및 건강 관련 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상자의 평균연령은 31세였으며 한국 평균거주기간은 5.3년이었고 연령 분포는 20~29세가 40명 (48.2%), 30~49세가 43명 (51.8%) 이었다. 조사대상자의 평균체중은 53.7 kg, 평균 신장은 156.3 cm 였으며, 거주기간이 5년 이상인 그룹이 5년 미만인 그룹에 비해 체중, BMI, 체지방률, 이완기 혈압 등이 유의적으로 높았다. 24시간 회상법을 통해 식품군 섭취량을 분석한 결과 20~29세 그룹에 비해 30~49세 그룹의 채소류 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았으나, 국민건강영양조사에 의한 같은 연령대의 우리나라 여성과 비교하면 과일류, 육류, 당류 섭취량이 낮고 계란류, 어패류, 우유 및 유제품류의 섭취량이 높은 편이었다. 영양소 섭취상태를 살펴보면 총 에너지섭취량은 1,641.0 kcal였으며 20대 조사대상자의 85.0%가 에너지필요 추정량 이하로 에너지를 섭취하였으며, 30~40대의 76.7%가 에너지필요추정량 이하로 섭취하였고, 칼슘, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산 등은 조사대상자의 50% 이상이 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취하였다. 20대 그룹에 비해 30~40대 그룹이 비만한 경향을 나타냈으나 식품섭취량에 차이가 없었으며, 오히려 채소 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았으며 식생활과의 관련성이 적었다. 조사대상자를 거주기간으로 구분하여 비교하면 거주기간이 5년 이하인 그룹이 5년 이상 거주 그룹에 비해 콜레스테롤의 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았으며, 콜레스테롤 섭취량이 계란이나 우유와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 30세로 비교적 젊고 건강하여 한국 이주 후의 식생활 변화에 의한 건강상의 변화에 큰 영향이 나타나지는 않은 것으로 생각된다. 우리나라 결혼이주여성의 영양섭취상태는 사회 경제적 여건 등과 같은 다양한 요인에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에 결혼이주 여성의 올바른 식생활 정착 및 다양하고 경제적이며 건강한 식품선택을 위한 교육이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 특히 결혼 이주 여성의 식생활에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인에 대응할 수 있는 맞춤형 교육이 필요하며, 인터넷 등의 교육매체를 적극 활용해야 될 것으로 생각된다. 주부의 건강한 식품선택과 올바른 영양관리는 가족전체의 식품섭취와 영양상태에 직접 영향을 미치며 건강한 사회의 초석이 되므로 결혼이주여성에 대한 장기적이고 적극적인 영양교육이 필요하다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.729-741
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine conflicts between female international marriage migrants(FIMMs) and their family members, and living conditions of FIMMs in Korea. The results will be useful in understanding FIMMs' struggles and will help them to develop their adaptive ability to family life. This study analyzed the factors in three dimensions: a Sociodemographic factor, a marriage-related factor and a factor of the migrants' relationship to their family members. All conflicts result from the lack of mutual understanding between the migrants and their family, and the differences between their languages and between their cultures. Of course, FIMMs can not adequately express their feelings and opinions in Korean language. Their loved ones and relatives can not express their feelings in the immigrants' languages, either. It is evident that there are a lot of misunderstandings caused from their language barrier. The public support for the migrants is limited. They live a lonely life and no consideration. Most of them complains that their husbands have no careful concern for their feelings. That seems because most of the Korean husbands have never had education enough to understand their problems in terms of international marriage. A close watch of what can be learned from conflict and complaints of women. However, any sympathy for foreign women's complaints should be evaluated in cultural sides: especially family life education programs for Korean husbands and their family members are required for a good grasp of typical intermarriage issues.