• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.109-122
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• 2014

The present study focused on frustration emotion investigated the variables evoking frustration and the process in which sense of frustration would be overcome, and explored the principle of aesthetics the consumers under the frustration might prefer in choosing goods. The results of this study are as follows. First, consumers usually felt frustration rather than anger when it became obvious that their objectives could not be met and that they failed to achieve their objectives due to uncontrollable cause. Second, consumers who felt frustration wanted to receive emotional support and comfort from close acquaintances rather than to cope actively with the unsuccessful situation by renewed challenges. Third, consumers, once frustrated, preferred harmony principle rather than emphasis principle in terms of esthetics in choosing design of goods. Therefore, marketing managers are advised to approach to the consumers who felt frustration on the basis of harmony principle in design of goods.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.299-311
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• 2003

Purpose: This is a phenomenological study to describe the experiences of nursing students on home visiting nursing service as a community nursing practice. Method: Individual interviews were conducted on subjective experiences of 17 nursing students. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi's method in which meaningful statements were extracted and these were clustered into 6 themes. Result: The nursing students started practice with anxiety and expectation at the same time. They were frightened at the clients' inferior environment and their level of loneliness. They also felt pity and experienced complicated feelings for the clients. However, the home visiting practice was a chance for them to discard prejudice on the clients. Positive experiences on visiting nursing practice reported by the nursing students included lively interactions between nurses and the clients, and variable provision of primary nursing care. However, facts such as much limited visiting time, non-professional and limited scope of practice were reported as negative experiences. They felt both worthiness of the home visit service and restricted self-capability at the same time through the practice. They also felt sorry for the clients because the home visit services were carried out during limited time period. Regardless of this, the home visit experience provided them an opportunity of self-growth. This self-growth includes increased awareness of issues for elderly, building of self-identity as a nursing student, self-reflection, and realization of the value of family. Conclusion: This study may provide data for better understanding of nursing students experiences of home visiting nursing services. However, more study on the barriers of their community health practice is needed in the future. Moreover, it is needed to establish desirable practice environment through the collaborative relationships between the university and staffs in the public health center.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.323-343
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to analyze difficulty analyzed through a quantitative method examining rate of correct answerers to each questions in the side of difficulty that students solving questions felt by finding variables to predict difficulty of questions in an objective way, not in an intuitive way, and examining what variables difficulty that each student solving questions felt depended on. The study divided 6 students in the 3rd grade of a high school into a two-person group or a three-person group and observed their question-solving process the total 11times for three months from March, to May. The study an alyzed what variables difficulty that each student felt depended on through semi-structuralized interview. As a result, the study could see that difficulty of questions depended on contents, strangeness of material, behavioral range, type of questions and complexity of questions.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the effects of ambient anger versus sadness on motive type and coping strategy type when consumers make decision. It focused on whether the negative affects of the anger and the sadness differentially induce approach versus avoidance motive at the place of making decision, and also explored the coping strategy differences between the consumers under the anger and those under the sadness, that is, which strategy is more used between problem-focused strategy and affect-focused strategy when they are under each negative affect. Research design, data and methodology: The experimental groups were divided into two types of group such as the anger-felt group and the sadness-felt group. The experiment was performed with the between-subjects design based on the anger and the sadness. Questionnaire data were collected from undergraduate students assigned to each of the anger group and the sadness group operated by the scenario method, and the data were used to verify research hypotheses by t-test. Results: - First, the anger induced the approach motive more rather than the avoidance motive in making decision. Second, to cope the negative affects, consumers under the anger used problem-focused strategy more than affect-focused strategy, while those under the sadness used affect-focused strategy more than problem-focused strategy. Therefore, this article contributes to the theory related to motive and making decision taken place to consumers under ambient negative emotions. Conclusions: Focusing on the results of this study, there could be managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. Checking which affect consumers previously felt between anger and sadness when they are under negative affects is at issue to the brand or product marketers when they appeal their brand or product to the consumers. The marketers should build and communicate the messages about their product or brand in the respect of the points of showing problem solution or the best way to handle things to appeal the consumers under the anger. And they should develop and communicate the messages about their product or brand emphasizing the aspects of letting consumers' sad feelings out somehow or controlling their emotions to the consumers under sadness.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2009

Traditional nutrition education has not been shown to consistently produce behavior change. While it has been suggested that using emotion-based messages may be a better way to influence nutrition behavior change, this has not been well tested. Producing emotion-based messages is a multi-step process that begins with exploring subconscious barriers to behavior change rather than the more obvious and typically reported barriers. The purpose of this research was to uncover the emotional reasons, sometimes referred to as emotional pulse points, for mothers' choosing or not choosing to have more family meals. This would then serve as the first step to developing emotion-based messages promoting the benefits of family meals. Five focus group interviews were conducted with 51 low-income Black (n=28) and white (n=23) mothers. Metaphorical techniques were used to determine underlying feelings toward family and family meals. Discussions were video-taped, transcribed, and manually analyzed using a content-driven, immersion/crystallization approach to qualitative data analysis. Four themes emerged around the definition of family: acceptance, sharing, chaos, and protective/loyal. Some mothers felt mealtime was merely obligatory, and described it as stressful. Some reported a preference for attending to their own needs instead of sitting down with their children, while others felt that mealtime should be used to interact with and educate children and felt guilty when they were not able to provide family meals. Three themes emerged around feelings towards having or not having family meals: unimportant, important, and guilty. When explored further, mothers indicated that using the feeling of guilt to encourage family meals might be effective. Data obtained are being used to develop innovative, emotion-based messages that will be tested for effectiveness in promoting family meals.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

In this study, boron - doped carbon was prepared by reducing carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) at high temperature by using sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$). The boron - doped carbon was coated on carbon felt and applied as an electrode for a vanadium redox battery cell. As a result of electrochemical performance evaluation, reversibility of carbon felt coated with boron doped carbon compared to pure carbon felt was improved by about 20% and charge transfer resistance was reduced by 60%. In the charge / discharge results, energy density and energy efficiency were improved by 21% and 12.4%, respectively. These results show that carbon produced by reduction of $CO_2$ can be used as electrode material for redox flow battery.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2002

As a result of analyzing problems in field practice and its effects, the following conclusions can be obtained. Man students were more satisfied with their choice of this department than woman students and woman students recognized the importance of hospital practice although they felt the need of fire fighting station practice and man students felt the necessity of hospital practice, but they answered the fire fighting station practice was important. Departments of field practice are emergency and nurse departments in hospitals and emergency aid section in fire fighting stations. And it is found that field practice was performed well in relation to major subject. Areas of practice included emergency room, operation room and extensive cure unit and the experience of ambulance was more in fire fighting station than in hospital. Clinical guidance of professor was preferred to once a week and the students answered they felt satisfaction with practice through conference. Answer that field practice was helpful in understanding class was very high as 96.8% and its connection with employment was low as 12.8%. It is found that a proper timing of field practice was winter vacation for hospital practice after completing the second semester of the first year and summer vacation for fire fighting station practice after the first semester of the second year. The most difficult department in field practice was nurse department in hospital because 'respondents were practice students' and administrative department in fire fighting stations because 'they lacked recognition of paramedic'. In making practice diary, 'describing measure results' was difficult most and the respondents wanted to keep the diary in their custody.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.365-381
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• 2016

This study compared and analyzed current sleeve head products for men and women to develop sleeve head products for aesthetically-designed sleeves. Men and women's sleeve head products, suitable for sleeve caps, were designed and developed based on the results. The study results are as follows. First, men and women's sleeve heads for aesthetic jacket sleeves were designed with sleeve patterns in the background. Sleeve heads and upper sleeves were additionally designed to make 7-layers for men and 4-layers for women. Second, sleeve head patterns were designed so that men's would have a whole length of 48cm, an angle of $30^{\circ}$ and a width of 4.5-7.5cm; in addition, women's would be 40cm, $30^{\circ}$ and 4-5cm. Third, the same materials were used for men's and women's sleeve head products, and the background was made from 1-layer of soft non-woven fabric. As for the sleeve heads, 2-layers and 1-layer of non-fusible interlinings were used for men's and women's, respectively. In order to provide flexibility, the materials were designed in a bias direction. For upper sleeves, 1-layer of non-woven fabric and felt were used for men's, and 1-layer of felt for women's so that an empty space caused by easing contraction can be supplemented.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was $173.46{\pm}16.09$. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.833-839
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate sodium consumption and related psychosocial factors among hypertensive patients and normal adults through questionnaire development. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided the basis for the study. The mean blood pressure of subjects was 117. 1 mmHg/78.55mgHg in normal adults(N-218), 159.65mmHg/102.05mmHg(systolic/diastolic) in hypertensive group(N=219) and the sodium consumption was 5219.4${\pm}$1821.3mg in normal adults and 4631.4${\pm}$1749.1mg in hypertensive group. The results of Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of being hypetensive group were increasd as subjects felt that dalty food (OR=1.5) (OR=0.8). The odds of beign hypertensive group increased as subject received more support. With respect to perceived control, the odds of being hypertensive group were increased as subjects felt more confident in contolling salty intake when spouse likes to take salty food(OR=1.4). In contrast, subjects felt less confident in contolling sodium consumption when they took medicine(OR=0.8). Study findings revealed that all three factors, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control contributed to the model for explaining intentions, with subjective norms being most important. This findings provided the empirical evidence for the TPB in explaining salt intake. This study suggest that educational interventions for hypertension patients focus on changing sodium consumption through changing attitude toward high sodium consumption, subjective norms, perceived control over reducing sodium consumption of specific situations, specially subjective norms and perceived control. In addition, interventions may include strategies to change attitudes toward sodium consumption by helping hypertensive patients realize negative beliefs and modifying positive beliefs and to elicit and maintain subjective norm from doctors, family and neighbors, and to increase control beliefs for reducing sodium consumption.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 833-839, 2000)