• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1979

인삼 nectar, 인삼추출물이 함유된 orange juice, 인삼 drink 제등을 정상식이에 첨가 (555 mg Ginseng extract/kg of diet, 1,110 mg Ginseng extract/kg diet)하여 이유 직후의 Sprgue-Dawley strain 백쥐 40마리를 8마리씩 5군으로 나누어 12주간 사육하였다 12주후에 체중증가율, 사료효율, 장기의 무게, hematocrit value, serum cholesterol content, serum GOT and GPT 활성등을 측정하여 정상식이군과 비교한 결과 체중증가율, 사료효율, 장기의 무게, hematocrit value, SGOT 활성등을 모두 정상식이군에 비해서 실험군이 통계적으로 유의차를 보이지 않았으나, s-GOT 활성은 대조군에 비해 실험군이 다소 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었고, s-cholesterol 농도는 대조군에 비해 다소 높은 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 백쥐 각군의 간, 신장, 비장등의 조직세포를 검사한 바 하등의 이상 조직을 발견하지 못하였다. 12주 실험이 끝난 후 체중을 측정하고 swimming test를 실시한 결과 대조군에 비해 실험군의 수영시간이 연장되었으며 V군에서는 유의성있게 연장되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2003

본 실험은 stevioside를 추출하고 폐기되는 스테비아 부산물의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 육계와 산란계에 급여하여 생산성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 실험 1은 1일령 육계 수컷 로스를 평사로 배치하여 스테비아 부산물 0, 2, 4, 8% 수준으로 급여하였으며, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 16수로 총 256수를 공시하였다. 모든 처리구의 사료내 영양소 함량은 스테비아 수준에 관계없이 사육 전기와 후기에 따라 각각 CP 21.5%, ME 3,100kcal/kg와 CP 19%, ME 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 동일하게 급여하였다. 본 실험의 결과, 1-3주 동안의 증체량에 있어서는 스테비아 부산물 4%와 8% 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나 4-5주 동안에서는 차이가 없었다. 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 시테비아 부산물 급여구와 대조구 사이에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다 스테비아 부산물의 급여가 장내 미생물의 변화에 미치는 영향은 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 맹장의 Salmonella, E. coli는 감소하고 Lactobacillus 및 Yeast는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 스테비아 부산물을 급여하여 생산된 가슴육의 지방산 함량에서도 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2는 스테비아 부산물의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 산란계 사료에 혼합하여 산란율, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 난 품질, 계란의 지방산에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 공시계는 78주령 하이라인 360수로 강제환우 후 5% 산란시기에 도달하였을 때 20주간 사양 실험을 시행하였다. 스테비아 부산물을 산란계 사료에 0, 2, 4 그리고 8% 수준으로 첨가하여 4개 처리구를 두었고, 처리구당 5반복, 반복당 18수씩 총 360수를 공시하였다. 모든 처리구의 사료영양소 함량은 CP 16%, ME 2,800 kcal/kg으로 동일하게 하였다. 전 실험기간에 산란율은 스테비아 부산물 급여구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 난중과 산란량에 있어서도 차이가 없었으며, 사료섭취량과 사료요구율도 스테비아 부산물 급여구와 대조구 사이에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 스테비아 부산물의 급여가 계란의 난 품질에 미치는 영향에서 난각 강도, 난각 두께, 난백고 및 호유닛은 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 하지만 난황의 색도는 스테비아 부산물의 급여수준이 증가할수록 높은 수치를 보여 스테비아 4%와 8% 급여구는 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 계란의 당 전이도 실험에서는 스테비아 부산물을 급여하여 생산된 계란과 대조구 사이에 차이가 없었으며 토코페롤의 함량은 스테비아 부산물 2%, 4% 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다. 계란의 지방산 함량은 스테비아 부산물 2%와 4% 급여구가 포화지방산은 감소하였고, 단가 불포화 지방산은 유의적으로 증가하였다. (p>0.05)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.642-650
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• 1999

Options available for utilization of animal wastes include sources of plant nutrients, feed ingredients for farm animals, substrate for methane generation, and substrate for microbial and insect protein synthesis. The wastes have the most economic value for use as animal feed. Performance of animals fed diets containing animal wastes is similar to that of animals fed conventional diets. Processing of animal wastes to be used as animal feed is necessary for destruction of pathogens, improvement of handling and storage characteristics, and maintenance or enhancement of palatability. Feeding of animal waste has not adversely affected the quality and taste of animal products. In the USA copper toxicity has been reported in sheep fed high-copper poultry litter, but this is not a serious problem with cattle. Potential pathogenic microorganisms in animal wastes are destroyed by processing such as heat treatment, ensiling and deep stacking. Incidents of botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum, have been reported in cattle in some countries, and this problem was caused by the presence of poultry carcasses in litter. This problem has not occurred in the USA. With appropriate withdrawal, heavy metal, pesticide or medicinal drug accumulation in edible tissues of animals fed animal wastes is not a problem. Feeding of animal wastes is regulated by individual states in the USA. The practice is regulated in Canada, also. With good management, animal wastes can be used safely as animal feed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.392-402
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• 1998

By using Q-methodology, this study examines the attitudes of pregnant womens' husbands toward breastfeeding. Also, the research provides basic data necessary to develop a strategy for recommending breastfeeding. A total of 112 items for the Q-population were collected from related literature and interviews with the general public, specialists, pregnant women and their husbands. Finally, 38 statements were selected. Twenty one husbands of pregnant women classified these statements on each card on a 1 to 9 point scale(forced normal distribution) and wrote the reasons for both the most supported and the most resisted statements. The materials collected were analyzed by using pc QUANL program. The analysis drew down following fact that even though the attitudes of the husbands of pregnant were very similar, they could be classified to three types according to the motivation and recognition the degree of choosing breastfeeding. Type 1 is the mother's duty supporter, who insists that breastfeeding is completely natural and the proper duty of the mother. Type 2 is the emotional value supporter, who thinks that breastfeeding emotionally affects both the baby and the mother in a positive way. Type 3 is the conditional choice supporter, who chooses the most proper suckling way of feeding according to given conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1111-1115
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• 1999

In order to determine the appropriate sampling time for blood metabolites of periparturient cows, the changes of the blood composition in relation to time of day were evaluated in sixteen multiparous Holstein cows at 1 wk prepartum, 1 and 6 d postpartum. Blood samples were collected at 08:30, 10:00, 15:30 and 17:00 h in each sampling day, and the sampling times at 08:30 and 15:30 h were prior to feeding. The rectal temperature of cows increased gradually from 08:30, to 17:00 h, but blood Hct and Hb decreased constantly. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration at 08:30 h was two-fold higher than those at 10:00, 15:30 and 17:00 h from 1 wk prepartum to 6 d postpartum, and the value was maximum at 1 d postpartum. The highest plasma urea-N was observed at 10:00 h from 1 wk prepartum to 6 d postpartum. Plasma glucose and total protein were not affected by sampling time. The data indicated that blood samples of periparturient cows should be collected before morning feeding for the diagnosis of energy status, because plasma NEFA was the highest before morning feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.720-728
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• 2000

The different products of neem (Azadirachta indica) are utilized for variety of purposes in industry, health and animal agriculture in the Indian subcontinent. The cake from seeds after oil extraction is a good source of nutrients (CP: 35-38%; EE: 4.5-5.5%; CF: 12-15%; Ca: 0.75%; P: 0.45% on DM), and in particular, the one out of its kernel is proteinaceous and is relatively balanced in its amino acid and mineral profile. But the cake is toxic and bitter to taste owing to triterpenoids (nimbin, salannin, azadirachtin), which restricts its safe inclusion in livestock diet. Several feeding trials with raw cake have revealed poor palatability and adverse performance among different categories of livestock and poultry. Internal organ changes included histological alteration in intestine, liver, kidney and distruption of spermatogenesis and ovarian activity. Ruminants appears to tolerate reasonably higher levels of the cake and to a limited low levels of dietary inclusion also proved to be tolerable in monogastric farm animals. Debitterization through solvent (hexane, ether) extraction, water washing, alkali (NaOH, 1.5, 2.5 or 3%, wt/wt) soaking and urea (1.5 or 3%, wt/wt) - ammoniation have been tried with appreciable success in improving the palatability and nutritive value of the cake. For enhanced utilization, decortication of neem seeds is to be done effectively at industrial level with maximum oil recovery. The resultant proteinaceous kernel by-product could be a cheaper unconventional protein supplement after suitable processing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.483-486
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• 2000

The influence of feed allowance on intake and nutrient utilization by Barbari goats given green maize (Zea mays) and potential feeding value of left-overs were studied. The goats were offered food at 3 levels to give left-overs of about 20% (T-1), 35% (T-2) and 50% (T-3) DM of offered amount. A marked effect of refusal rate on intake and digestibility of nutrients was found. The DMI, g/kg $W^{0.75}$ increased from 39.86 in T-1 to 50.91 and 66.55 g in groups T-2 and T-3, respectively. Allowing selective consumption at higher levels (T-2 and T-3), the intake of TDN and DCP from green maize was found not only to meet the maintenance requirement but provided surplus energy and protein for substantial production. The variability in diet selectivity between goats under different treatments was pronounced. As the level of food excess increased to T-3, the left overs had a higher IVDMD and crude protein and decreased cell wall constituents (p<0.05). Considering the substantial increase in intake and digestibility from feeding green maize at high allowances to goats, further studies are needed to develop practical feeding strategies.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1030-1036
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• 2010

본 논문은 다이폴 타입 안테나의 광대역화를 위한 원통형 자성 매질 구조를 가지는 급전 프로브의 시뮬레이션 설계를 제안한다. 저주파수 대역의 확보를 위해 고투자율의 자성체를 설계 계산에서 고려하였다. 광대역 특성은 투자율에 의존하지 않고, 자성체와 급전 프로브 사이의 거리($r_m$)와 자성체의 두께($t_m$)의 조정에 의해 구할 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 원통형 자성 매질의 구조를 가지지 않는 설계 안테나의 크기와 비교하여 약 18 % 정도 소형화시킬 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2009

Acartia hongi is the most dominant and widespread planktonic copepod in Gyeonggi Bay, Yellow sea. Ingestion rates and selectivity of A. hongi on phytoplankton and planktonic ciliates were determined in the laboratory. Ingestion rates of A. hongi on planktonic ciliates and phytoplankton increased in proportion to prey concentration increase. When A. hongi was fed with various mixture combinations of planktonic ciliates and phytoplankton, their ingestion rate on ciliates tended to increase as the percentage of ciliates in prey biomass increased. Clearance rate of A. hongi on planktonic ciliates was higher than for phytoplankton in all experiments without regard to relative percent of ciliate biomass. This trend suggests that A. hongi was preferentially preying on planktonic ciliates. Under mixed prey availability, it is likely that selective feeding and higher clearance rate of planktonic ciliates by A. hongi is related to the higher nutritional value of ciliates compared to phytoplankton. Therefore, our results suggest that selective ciliate feeding by A. hongi will positively benefit its growth and abundance, and as a result negatively impact the population dynamics of planktonic ciliates in Gyeonggi Bay.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1998

It has been known that $\gamma$-irradiation usually induces cell death in regenerating stem cell in normal tissues like skin, intestine and hematopoietic organ. The experiment were carried out to evaluate the early response of radiation injury in radiosensitive and intermediate radiosensitive tissues in feeding and starving rats with the doses of 3.5 and 7.0 Gy. The results of the study showed that the histological phenomenon was apoptosis in the doses of the radiation as the early response of tissue injury. Apoptosis were showed organ-specific and cellular specific responses suggesting that the selection of apoptosis be exactly focused on highly renewal organs and cells. It was interesting that the rats starved for 72 hours prior to irradiation induced less apoptosis in liver than fed rats. As for cellular responses it appeared that apoptotic cells were mostly distributed in ductal or periportal cells in liver of feeding rats unlikely in liver of Starving rots which showed no difference in zonal distribution. In salivary gland apoptotic cells in fed rats were highly induced in intercalating and ductal cell population than in acinar cell population although unlikely in starved rats. This study showed the value of apoptosis using the detection system of TUNEL for evaluating cellular damage after radiation injury and the diminished effect of starvation on cell damage after ionizing irradiation.