• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.60-72
• /
• 2000

Studies are needed to determine the standard norms for sleep/activity patterns in new born baby and there have been no established reports of discrepancy of sleep/activity patterns in new born baby among various races. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA(Nursing Child Assessment Sleep Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the new born baby, and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of new born baby. The subjects of this study were 38 normal new born baby who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in pusan from January 1 to April 28, 2000. They all agreed to participate in this study. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic data, birth hi story, and general informations concerning the infant, mother and family. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean. standard deviation, frequency, and percentage by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 10.23 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.53 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 15.77 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 4.49 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 49.69%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 66.98%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 55.81%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 3.09 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 6.12 hours. The mean amount of nighttime awake periods was 2.11 hours. The mean amount of daily total awake periods was 8.23 hours. The mean of the longest awake periods was 3.76 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.71 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.65 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 8.36 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 62.50%. 4. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.36 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.64 hours. In conclusion, The new born baby slept more during the daytime compare than nighttime and more active during the daytime. On the other hand. although nighttime sleeping the length of the mother was normal, but sleep was interrupted by the infant over 3 times on average. Therefore this research study will contribute to nursing practice and nursing research by its implication through postnatal educational nursing programs at hospital and nursing intervention programs that would help individual caring of early infant mothers at home.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2001

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male lambs to assess the effect of cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on blood constituents and immunity. Lambs were randomly assigned to a reference diet (30% deoiled peanut meal, DPNM) and four test diets containing 40% of either raw, 45 minutes cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron (1 free gossy-pol, FG : 0.3 Fe) treated CSM (replacing approximately 50%, reference concentrate mixture). These isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad lib maize hay for 180 days. Blood was collected at 60, 120 and 180 days post feeding. The lambs were sensitized with Brucella abortus S99 antigen after 140 days and were subjected to ELISA and delayed type hypersensitivity. Blood haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, urea, creatinine concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in lambs fed on raw or processed CSM were comparable to the values of reference lambs. The higher (p<0.01) blood glucose levels observed in CSM fed lambs at 60 days of feeding was latter reduced to the levels comparable with those on reference diet at 120 and 180 days of feeding. The alanine amino transferase activity was lower in lambs fed raw and cooked CSM containing diets at 120 and 180 days of feeding. A marginal increase in serum iron and alkaline posphatase activity was observed in iron treated group and raw CSM fed lambs, respectively. The humoral immune response and DTH reactivity was lower (p<0.05) in lambs fed raw CSM (consuming 302.83 mg FG/day). Cooking, $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron treatment of raw CSM showed a positive response in alleviating the suppression of immune response owing to the reduced consumption of FG by 40.19, 17.40% and 26.73%, respectively in these diets. The present study thus indicated that consumption of 40% raw CSM (302.83 mg FG/day) though did not affect majority of the haematological and blood biochemical parameters, but markedly suppressed the immune mechanism of lambs.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2020

현재 국내에서 활용되고 있는 자동화된 어류 급이 장치는 특정 시간과 일정량의 사료를 시간에 맞추어 수조에 공급하는 방식이다. 이는 고령화되고 고가인 양식장 관리의 인건비는 줄일 수 있으나 양식 생산성에 결정적 요인이 되는 고가의 사료량을 지능적으로 적절히 조절하기는 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 기존 자동급이 장치의 문제점을 해결하고, 양식장에서 어류의 성장률을 적절하게 유지하면서 사료 공급의 효율성을 극대화할 수 있는 퍼지추론 기반의 지능형 어류 자동 급이 모델인 FIIFF 추론 모델(Fuzzy Inference based Intelligent Fish Feeding Model)을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 FIIFF 지능형 급이 추론모델은 양식어류의 현재 생육 환경 정보 및 실시간 활동 상태를 기반으로 급이량을 산출하기 때문에 사료 급이량 적절성이 매우 높다. 본 연구에서 제안한 FIIFF 추론 모델의 급이량 산출 실험 결과에서는 8개월 동안 양식장에서 실제 투입한 급이량보다 14.8%를 절감하는 효과를 보여준다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2006

진동만 잘피밭에 서식하는 그물코쥐치의 먹이습성의 일별변화를 조사하였다. 출현한 그물코쥐치는 1.6~4.3 cm SL의 범위였으며, 주요 먹이생물은 단각류에 속하는 옆새우류, 잘피, 갯지렁이류, 그리고 미삭동물이었다. 그물코쥐치의 먹이습성의 일별변화는 뚜렷하였다. 낮에는 잘피와 옆새우류를 주로 먹은 잡식성을, 밤에는 옆새우류, 갯지렁이류, 그리고 미삭동물을 주로 먹는 육식성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 낮보다는 밤에 이들 먹이생물의 활동이 활발하여 그물코쥐치가 섭이하기가 용이하였던 것으로 판단된다. 또한 그물코쥐치의 섭이활동은 저조보다는 고조에 활발하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1262-1266
• /
• 2005

Twelve Korean native goats, spontaneously infected with mixed species of Eimeria were used to study the possible direct anticoccidial effect of feeding condensed tannin-containing plants on the production of Eimeria oocysts. The effects of feeding pine (Pinus densifora) needles, oak (Quercus acutissima) leaves and lucerne chaff on coccidia oocyst output were studied for a period of 10 days post-feeding. The results indicate that feeding fresh pine needles (40 g condensed tannins (CT) dry matter (DM)/day/goat) and oak leaves (40 g CT DM/day/goat) in combination with lucerne chaff had rapid anticoccidial activities in goats as demonstrated by a sharp decrease in oocyst production. Two days after feeding, the numbers of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) from the goats fed pine needles with lucerne chaff, and from goats fed oak leaves reduced by 40% and 44% compared to pre-feeding, respectively. On the sixth day after commencing feeding pine needles and oak leaves, the reduction was 81% and 72%, respectively. Ten days after feeding pine needles and oak leaves, the OPG was reduced by 93% and 85%, respectively compared to pre-feeding. Statistical analysis showed that feeding pine needles and oak leaves to goats naturally infected with coccidia significantly (p<0.001) reduced the numbers of oocysts compared to the control group fed lucerne chaff only. Four clinically important species of coccidia, Eimeria parva, Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, Eimeria christenseni and Eimeria arloingi were identified in Korean native goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1728-1736
• /
• 2006

The effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) waste silage and supplemental polyethylene glycol (PEG) on rumen fermentation and blood components were studied in cattle. Six Holstein steers were fed three diets in a 3${\times}$3 Latin square design, replicated twice. One diet was a control with no added silage, and the other two diets were supplemented (20% of the dry matter) with green tea waste silage either with (PEG) or without PEG (tea). Most of the fermentation parameters including major volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not affected by the diet treatments. The concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the PEG group and urea nitrogen in the tea and PEG groups were greater than those in the control before morning feeding. The plasma 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent concentration was not different before morning feeding, but 3 h after morning feeding, its concentrations in both the tea and PEG groups were higher than in the control. Although the concentration of plasma vitamin A in the animals was not affected by feeding green tea waste silage, the concentrations of plasma vitamin E were significantly higher in the tea and PEG groups than in the control, both before and 3 h after morning feeding. The results from the present study suggest that feeding diets containing 20% of the dietary dry matter as green tea waste silage to Holstein steers has no negative impact on their ruminal fermentation, and increases their plasma antioxidative activity and concentration of vitamin E.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.801-810
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 만성적인 에탄올 섭취시 엽산 결핍이 체내 콜레스테롤 함량과 항산화계에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 Sprague-Dawley종 흰쥐에게 총 열량의 36%에 해당하는 에탄올을 함유한 액체식이를 4주간 급여하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 일일 체중증가량과 사료효율은 알코올 급여군이 각각의 pair-fed군보다 낮았고 엽산 공급의 유무에 따른 영향은 없었다. 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 엽산 결핍과 함께 에탄올을 급여시킨 ED군과 Pair-fed군인 PD군 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 엽산과 함께 에탄올을 급여시킨 EF군이 pair-fed군인 PF군보다 유의적으로 높았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량과 HDL/총 콜레스테롤 함량은 전 군에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈장내 지질과산화물 함량은 엽산 결핍군인 PD와 ED군 모두 높았으며 엽산급여군에서는 에탄올을 급여한 EF군 pair-fed군인 PF군에 비해 유의적인 증가를 보여서 에탄올에 의한 지질과산화물 함량증가에 엽산 공급이 아무런 도움을 주지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 간 마이크로솜 내 지질과산화물 함량 역시 혈장내 지질과산화물 함량과 동일한 경향으로 에탄올 급여로 증가된 지질과산화물 함량에 대하여 엽산이 별다른 효과를 보이지 않았다. ADH 활성화는 전군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었고 catalase 활성도는 엽산을 결핍시킨 PD와 ED군과 에탄올 급여와 함께 엽산을 공급한 EF군이 pair-fed군인 PF군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 활성을 보였다. 간 세포질에서 SOD 활성은 전 군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었고 GSH-Px 활성은 에탄올 급여군이 각각의 pair-fed군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 활성을 보였으며 특히 에탄올과 함께 엽산을 공급한 EF군에서 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 GST 활성은 전 군에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈장내 retinol 함량은 엽산의 공급 유무와 상관없이 에탄올 급여군인 ED와 EF가 각각의 pair-fed군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 간조직 내 retinol 함량은 엽산 결핍군에서는 에탄을 급여군인 ED군이 pair-fed군인 PD군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 보였으나 엽산 공급군에서는 에탄올에 의한 retnol 함량 저하에 대하여 엽산이 보호효과를 보였다. 간조직 내 retinyl palmitate 함량 역시 엽산의 공급 유무와 상관없이 에탄올 급여군이 비급여군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 혈장내 비타민 E 함량은 엽산을 결핍시킨 군 중 에탄올 급여군인 ED군이 pair-fed군인 PD군에 비하여 유의적으로 비타민E 함량이 낮았으며 엽산을 공급시킨 군에서는 에탄올 급여군과 pair-fed군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해서 볼 때 에탄올 급여시 혈장 내 콜레스테롤 함량은 엽산 섭취에 의해 증가되었으나 지질과산화물과 항산화 효소 및 항산화 영양소의 변화에 대하여 엽산결핍이 에탄올 섭취에 의해 변화된 항산화계의 손상을 더욱 가중시키는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 1977

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglyceride have been determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, the animals received diets providing total fat as 15% or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5% or 11% of calories. The food intake of the MF rats was 75% of that consumed by the AD rats but MF rat utilized their food more efficiently, as evidenced by weight gain per 100 Kcal consumed. Meal feeding, as contrasted to ad libitum feeding, resulted in greater activities of both LPL and HSL. This suggested a higher turnover of fat in the adipose tissue of MF rats. In AD rats, body fat was significantly correlated with LPL and the ratio of LPL/HSL. Meal feeding significantly increased the ratio of LPL/HSL, indicating a greater capacity for energy storage and fat deposition in the MF rat. However, at the limited caloric intake, MF rats failed to realize this potential; there was no significant difference in percentage of body fat at the two feeding frequencies. Body fat deposition was greater in rats fed the 30% fat diet, as compared with the 15% diet, regardless of the rate of food ingestion. This was coupled with a higher ratio of LPL/HSL. The significant correlation of serum triglycerides with body fat and with the ratio of LPL/HSL in AD rats suggests that LPL activity and fat deposition may be controlled by the concentration of circulating triglycerides. Both serum triglycerides and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. The percentage of body fat was also lower in animals whose intake of PUFA was high.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2000

The sleep is the most important problem for new parents. However, there were very rare the study about sleep of normal neonates and early infants in Korea. So we attempted pilot survey study of neonates' sleep pattern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep pattern of normal neonates in Seoul and Kyungki area and to provide for basis for nursing intervention for parents of them. The subjects of this study were 37 normal full-term neonates of 2~3weeks of age who were visited by researcher or assistant at postpartum care unit, health care clinic, outpatient clinic located in Seoul and Kyungki area from April 20, 1999 to March 15, 2000. This study was descriptive survey study under the convenient sampling method. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by Korean Parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were coded as 1/4hour unit, and analyzed by MS Office Excel program. The result of this study were as followed: 1. The mean amount of total sleep was 15.1hours. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 9.5hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.7 hours. The mean amount of longest sleep was 2.9hours. The mean amount of shortest sleep was 0.6hour. 2. The mean amount of total activity was 8.9hours. The mean amount of daytime activity was 6.5 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 2.3hours. The frequency of feeding was 10.4 times a day. The frequency of daytime feeding was 7.3 times. The frequency of nighttime feeding was 3.1 times. It is suggested that various subjects and more data according to age, and comparative study among different cultures are needed for further study in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.643-649
• /
• 2002

This study was done to investigate effects of ${\gamma}$-irradiated pork feeding on the formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P$^{+}$) foci, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome P450 system and microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase activity in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weaning Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diet containing ${\gamma}$-irradiated ground pork at the dose of 0, 3, 10, 30 kGy as a 20％ of protein source for 8 weeks. One week after feeding, rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with a dose of DEN (50 mg/kg BW). As a promote.,0.05％phenobarbital was fed in drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. At the end of 8th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci, microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene contents were determined. In addition, cytochrome P450 content and the activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase were also measured. There was no significant effect by gamma irradiation on microsomal MDA content, conjugated diene, cytochrome P450 content and activities of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and glucose 6-phosphatase. However with DEN treatment, microsomal MDA content showed a increasing tendency. Cytochrome P450 content was also significantly increased while microsomal glucose 6-phophatase activity was significantly decreased with DEN treatment. However the activity of NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase was not affected. An interesting finding in this study was that the number and area of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci of rats fed gamma irradiated pork were tended to be decreased by high dose of irradiation, but were not significantly different. These results might imply that the consumption of low dose of gamma irradiated pork does not affect the formation of hepatic GST-P$^{+}$ foci and lipid peroxide and membrane stability.ability.