• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 1978

This study was undertaken establish the relationship between trypsin inhibitor in raw soybean and antinutritional effect of raw legumes. 1) Among legumes produced in Korea, Glycine max contains a relatively high amount of protein(higher than 40%) compared with kindey bean, sword bean and mung bean and, furthermore, soybean which contains a high amount of protein possesses high trypsin inhibitory activity. 2) Disc electrophoretic pattern exhibited pattern exhibited that the crude protein preparation from Glycine max produced about 9-12 protein bands, and the pattern of electrophoretic mobility was very similar to each other. However, only a few protein bands were observed from the crude protein preparation of yard long bean, sword bean, adzuki bean, mung bean and rice adzuki. From the eluate of the sliced gel, it was confirmed that among those bands, only the fastest moving band contains trypsin inhibitory activity. 3) In chicks fed the normal diet the body weight was increased steady from one week and reached to 40% increase for three weeks but in chick fed raw bean diet, there was no body weight gain until two weeks feeding and only 10-20% of body weight gain was observed at the end of three week feeding. On the other hand, in chicks fed raw bean diet the weight of pancreatic tissue per 100g body weight was increased to about two-fold for two or three weeks but there was no change in liver weight. 4) In the case of amylase secretion from the pancreatic fragment, very strong stimulation on amylase secretion from pancreatic tissue of chicks fed a normal diet was produced by one unit of cholecystokin-pancreozymin. However, no stimulation was observed from pancreatic fragment of chick fed raw bean diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.302-305
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• 2003

Effect of feeding far infrared-irradiated rice on survival ability of mice against drowning was investigated. Moisture absorption of far infrared-irradiated rice was about 1.3-fold higher than that of normal rice. L-Value was maintained high during cooking and storage. Weight of mice was not influenced by far infrared-irradiated rice content. No significant difference in survival abilities of mice between normal rice and far infrared-irradiated rice was shown until 1 breeding week. Significant differences in survival ability between two groups were found in 2 (9.5%) and 3 breeding weeks (7.2%).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2006

Susceptibility of American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii, to four insecticides (abamectin, ememectin benzoate, spinosad and milbemectin) was tested in the laboratory. All insecticides showed high mortality on the egg and larval stage, but on pupa and adult. Oviposition was 100% suppressed by abamectin, emamectin benzoate and spinosad, and 85% by milbemectin. The three insecticides except milbemectin inhibited greatly the feeding activity of adults. Adult longevity was reduced (0.8-1.4 days) by the tree insecticides except milbemectin, in comparison with 5.5 days in control. Abamectin, emamectin benzoate and spinosad were effective on oviposition until 7 days after treatment, but milbemetin was not.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2008

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with wood vinegar (WV) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets supplemented with 0(control), 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 2.0% WV/kg diet($WV_0,\;WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;WV_{0.05},\;WV_{0.1},\;WV_{0.25},\;WV_{0.5},\;and\;WV_{2.0}$, respectively) were prepared by mixing with basal diet. After the 6-week feeding trial, fish fed the $WV_{0.1}$ diet had significantly higher weight gain, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate than those of fish fed the other diets(P<0.05). No mortality was observed in the treatment groups fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The liver antioxidant activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;and\;WV_{0.05}$ diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. The lysozyme activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.25}$ diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. Fish fed diets supplemented with WV had significantly lower cumulative mortality than that of fish fed the control diet throughout the challenge test, and fish fed the $WV_{0.05}\;and\;WV_{0.1}$ diets had the highest resistance to disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda at day 7 of the challenge test. Therefore, feeding 0.05-0.1% WV/kg diet improves the growth and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2015

The effect of dietary carrot extract on skin pigmentation and non-specific immunity of red seabream was evaluated in a six-week feeding trial compared to that of astaxanthin. Fish were fed different experimental diets supplemented with three levels of carrot extract (30, 100, and 300 mg ${\beta}$-carotene/kg diet or CE30, CE100, and CE300), 100 mg astaxanthin/kg diet (AXT100), or a diet without supplement as control for 6 weeks. Our results revealed that the specific growth rate and feed conversion rate were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by carrot extract or astaxanthin supplementation for 6 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, the dietary carrot extract significantly (p<0.05) influenced the redness ($a^*$) and hue ($H^*{_{ab}}$) of fish skin. CE300 showed the highest $a^*$ and the lowest $H^*{_{ab}}$, suggesting that carrot extract increased the redness of skin color. However, after 6 weeks of feeding, dietary carrot extract significantly (p<0.05) increased the values of yellowness $b^*$ at all three levels. In contrast, AXT100 significantly (p<0.05) increased the values of $a^*$ but decreased the value of $H^*{_{ab}}$. Only CE300 significantly (p<0.05) increased the serum lysozyme activity. These findings suggest that dietary carrot extract can be utilized as a natural feed additive to improve skin pigmentation and health condition of fish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted on crossbred male calves to study the effect of arsenic (As) on immunity status and certain hematological parameters. Ten crossbred male calves of 3-4 months of age were distributed into two equal groups. Group I was kept as control, whereas, group II was supplemented daily with 50 ppm As (as $As_sO_3$) up to 90 days, in the diet. Calves of both groups were fed as per ICAR standards and their requirements were fulfilled by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats. All calves were kept under similar managemental conditions. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals to estimate various haematological parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Serum Ig and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also measured. Cell-mediated immune responses of the calves were monitored at 0, 45 and 90 of experimental feeding, through lymphocyte proliferation. No change in blood total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and SGPT was observed with As supplementation. A decrease in SOD activity was noticed in group II calves. Stimulation index (SI) for lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 1.14 to 0.79 in group II calves during 90 days experimental feeding, whereas, there was no change in SI values in group I indicating significant decrease in immune response of As supplemented calves. Blood As concentration increased in group II calves with the decrease in immune response. Short term supplementation of As to growing calves suggested suppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity. However, long term experiments are required to demonstrate clearly the efects of this toxic metal in calves.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2004

In recent years, many researches are actively undertaken for environmental-friendly animal production according to the increased understanding about food safety because of the outbreak of various diseases such as mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease and Poultry Influenza virus. However, high quality(higher safety)- animal production may not be successful without increasing of disease resistance of animal and the improvement of feeding environment. To increase the disease resistance is able to be accomplished by stimulating the immune function. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of enzyme mixture reinforced with ${\beta}$-glucanase activity which degrade polysaccharide to release ${\beta}$-glucan known as stimulator of immune function on the change of milk production and somatic cell count. After 12weeks of experimental feeding, milk production tended to be increased and somatic cell count was decreased from average $227{\times}10^4$ to $37.1{\times}10^4$. Milk protein and solid-fat content were tended to increase but milk fat showed decreasing tendency by the feeding of enzyme mixture. All together, it has been suggest6d that the improvement of high quality milk production may be possible through the dietary addition of immune modulating enzyme mixture in lactating dairy cows.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.704-709
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• 2015

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have long been clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. In addition, the safflower buds (SB) were found to have more useful functional ingredients than safflower seed. Thus, we investigated the preventive effects of SB diet in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were divided into five groups; sham operated group, OVX alone group, OVX plus 17β-estradiol (E₂ 10 μg/kg, i.p.) and OVX plus SB diet feeding group (0.3% or 1%). Feeding of SB diet (0.3% or 3%) to OVX rats markedly increased trabecular formation in femur compared to OVX rats. Feeding of SB diet (0.3% or 3%) to OVX rats also decreased TRAP activity compared to OVX rats. These results suggest that SB diets have bone sparing effects by the decrease of osteoclast activity. We also observed that OVX rats fed with SB diet (0.3% or 3%) exhibited the decrease of calcium and phosphorus in serum compared to OVX-induced rats. Therefore, SB may be beneficial for the patients of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2019

Background: Brennan's rodent paw incision model has been extensively used for understanding mechanisms underlying postoperative pain in humans. However, alterations of physiological parameters like blood pressure and heart rate, or even feeding and drinking patterns after the incision have not been documented as yet. Moreover, though eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to inflammation, tissue levels of these inflammatory mediators have never been studied. This work further investigates the antinociceptive effect of protein C after intra-wound administration. Methods: Separate groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were used for quantitation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and leukotriene B4 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as estimation of cardiovascular parameters and feeding and drinking behavior after paw incision. In the next part, rats were subjected to incision and $10{\mu}g$ of protein C was locally administered by a micropipette. Both evoked and non-evoked pain parameters were then estimated. Results: COX, particularly COX-2 activity and leukotriene B4 levels increased after incision. Hemodynamic parameters were normal. Feeding and drinking were affected on days 1 and 3, and on day 1, respectively. Protein C attenuated non-evoked pain behavior alone up to day 2. Conclusions: Based upon current observations, Brennan's rodent paw incision model appears to exhibit a prolonged period of nociception similar to that after surgery, with minimal interference of physiological parameters. Protein C, which is likely converted to activated protein C in the wound, attenuated the guarding score, which probably represents pain at rest after surgery in humans.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Background: Hibernating bats exhibit ubiquitous winter activity in temperate zones, but there is considerable between- and within-species variety in their intensity and purpose. Bats may fly during winter for sustenance or travel to other hibernacula. This study compared inter-regional variation in the winter activity of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). We predicted that weather and hibernacula-environmental conditions would influence winter activity patterns. Results: Winter activity patterns differed between regions. In the Anseong area, we confirmed movement inside the hibernaculum, but in Hampyeong, we observed movement both inside and between hibernacula. The two regions differ by $4^{\circ}C$ in average winter temperatures. Anseong experiences 22 days during which average daily temperatures exceeded $5^{\circ}C$, whereas Hampyeong experienced 50 such days. During the hibernating period, bat body weight decreased by approximately 17-20% in both regions. Conclusions: Ambient temperatures and winter-roost environments appear to be behind regional differences in hibernating bat activity. As winter temperatures in Korea do not favor insect activity, feeding probability is low for bats. However, bats may need to access water. At Anseong, underground water flows inside the hibernaculum when the reservoir outside is frozen. At Hampyeong, the hibernaculum does not contain a water source, but the reservoir outside does not freeze during winter. In conclusion, water-source location is the most likely explanation for regional variation in the winter activity of hibernating bats.