• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 2014

Sarijang, a soy sauce made from fermented black soybean (Rhynchosia nulubilis), sulfur fed duck, dried bark of Ulmus davidiana, Allium sativum, and bamboo salt, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the antioxidant properties of Sarijang have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the antioxidant effects of Sarijang were investigated by determining total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC). The inhibitory effects of Sarijang on oxidative stress-induced DNA damage (200 ${\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$, 250 ${\mu}M$ Fe-NTA, and 200 ${\mu}M$ HNE) in human leukocytes were evaluated by comet assay. The TPC of Sarijang was $1.04{\pm}0.01$ mg GAE/mL. DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC values of Sarijang increased in a dose-dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ for DPPH RSA of Sarijang was $11.2{\pm}0.3$ mg/mL, whereas $IC_{50}$ of TRAP was $209.5{\pm}2.0$ mg/mL. 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells were effectively abrogated by all tested concentrations of Sarijang (1~100 ${\mu}g/mL$). These results suggest that Sarijang has antioxidative activity and protective effects against oxidative DNA damage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1049-1058
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• 2004

PM10 concentration of total 48 samples collected from 4 sites (the root of Miryang University, Sangnam township Office in Miryang. the root of Changwon elementary school, and Junam reservoir in Changwon) turned out to range from 42.29 to 69.49{\mu}g/m^{3}$, and the average concentration was the root of Changwon elementary school $(69.49{\mu}g/m^{3})$>the root of Miryang university $(58.59{\mu}g/m^{3})$>Junam reservoir $(43.56{\mu}g/m^{3})$>Sangnam township Office $(42.29{\mu}g/m^{3}).> In particular, Junam reservoir, the Clean Area, had a slightly higher value than Sangnam township Office. It was thought although the site was plane and windy without pollutants around. it had a higher concentration value influenced by external factors including bigger population and a northeasterly wind due to a newly-established industrial complex nearby. As for water-soluble ions among PM10 particle collected in Miryang and Changwon area, SO42- accounted for $50{/%}$ and NO3-, was $35{\%}$, and the concentration order was S042->N03->Cl->F-. As for the average concentration of metallic components among PM10 particle collected in Miryang and Changwon area. the root of Changwon elementary school had the AI concentration, Fe concentration and Zn concentration 4 times, 3 times and 1.5 times that of Junam reservoir, respectively. The root of Miryang University had the AI concentration 2 times that of Sangnam township Office, and had Fe concentration and Zn concentration $1.2\~1.5$ times those of Sangnam township Office. When it comes to the relation between metallic elements and meteorological factors in Changwon area, the highest coefficient of correlation was between temperature and humidity with 0.92, and temperature and wind speed turned out in the reverse correlation. The coefficient of correlation between Al and Cr was as high as 0.78. Among metallic elements, the coefficient of correlation between Cu and Pb, Cd, Al were 0.84, 0.85, 0.79, respectively. It is thought that the high coefficient of correlation between Cu and Pb is ascribed to busy traffic and wind in the urban areas, Sammun-dong and Gagok-dong in Miryang. Meanwhile, the coefficients of correlation between Fe and Cu, Al, Zn, Cd, Pb were in the reverse correlation. These coefficients of correlation are attributed to the difference in pollutant sources, rather than difference in pollutant and non-pollutant.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to develop an embedded antenna structure with NFC and WPC composite functions. By selecting stable materials, the optimal component ratio of the polymer sheet was determined. The low cost embedded winding method compared to the existing FPCB was devised. During the winding process, characterization and process technology were developed. We also fabricated a ferrite mold to process the WPC grooves and developed the process technology for optimizing the WPC antenna. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Optimum composition ratio was derived as Fe 87.5%, Si 7%, Al 5.5% and selected as the final material. (2) Optimal sheet conditions were derived from the experimental evaluation method and the experimental design method through the combination test of the optimized sheet and the conventional mass production FPCB. (3) According to coil diameter and inner diameter, Q value fluctuation, resistance value and efficiency fluctuation are obtained. Therefore, the most suitable coil condition is selected and Rx matching is performed. (4) The EMV load modulation test and the cognitive distance test of the polymer sheet and the ferrite sheet showed that the recognition distance of the polymer sheet at 1k and 4K was 32-33 mm and the recognition distance of the ferrite sheet at the same condition was 30-31 mm.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.160-172
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary characteristics and related factors of the elderly female living alone. The subjects were 70 single living elderly female residing in Bucheon city and receiving benefits from the government based social welfare programs. Seventy nine percent of the subjects had self reported monthly income less than 200,000 (won) and forty one percent of the subjects were paying more than 100,000 (won) for food expense. The number of side dishes for a meal was two or three (35.71 ％) or one or two (31.40％)； fifty seven percent of the subjects ate reheated left-over for lunch and 70.0％ for dinner. The proportion of the single living elderly at high nutrition risk ($\geq$ 6 as evaluated with Nutrition Risk Index Score) was 77.1 ％. Cereals and their products contributed most to the macronutrients like energy, protein and carbohydrates and vitamin B. In contrast vegetables and their products contributed most to the fiber, minerals (Ca and Fe) and vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C). The mean total score of depression was 8.59${\pm}$2.69 (full score: 12) meaning that the extent of depression was serious.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.445-451
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• 2000

To estimate dry deposition flux of 12 elements in aerosols, aerosol particles were sampled by a low-pressure impactor(LPI) and a dust jar. The concentrations of 12 elements in aerosol particle and dry deposition were analyzed by a PIXE analysis using as a 2.0 MeV-proton beam. The mean dry deposition velocities of 12 elements were estimated by ranges of 0.74∼2.62 cm/sec. The results showed that the highest value was 3.26 cm/sec for Ca and the lowest value 0.74 cm/sec for Fe. The dry deposition flux for elements was calculated as a function of particle size by 1-step method and 12-step method. In this work, dry deposition velocities were computed with the two existing models; the coarse-particle fraction(4∼30 mm diameter) using the dry deposition velocity model of the Noll and Fang(1998) and the fine-particle fraction (0.05∼4mm diameter) using the Shemel and Hodgson(1980) model. The ratios of the mean calculated/measured fluxes were 3.59 for 1-step method and 0.60 for 12-step method respectively.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2013

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with sludge retention time (SRT) of 300 days was maintained for over 2 years. Polypropylene microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.2 ${\mu}m$ was used in the MBR system. The fouling behaviors of various sludge fractions from the MBR were studied and sub-divided resistances were analyzed. It was observed that $R_{cp}$ was a dominant resistance during the filtration of activated sludge, contributing 63.0% and 59.6% to the total resistance for MBR and sequential batch reactor (SBR) respectively. On the other hand, $R_c$ played the significant role during the filtration of supernatant and solutes, varying between 54.54% and 67.18%. Compared with $R_{cp}$ and $R_c$, $R_{if}$ was negligible, and $R_m$ values remained constant at $0.20{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$. Furthermore, resistances of all sludge fractions increased linearly with rising mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and growing trans-membrane pressure (TMP), while the relationship was inversed between fraction resistances and cross flow velocity (CFV). Among all fractions of activated sludge, suspended solid was the main contributor to the total resistance. A compact cake layer was clearly observed according to the field emission scanning electro microscopy (FE-SEM) images.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.281-299
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• 2017

Single (0.005 M DTPA), sequential (six-step) and kinetic (0.05 M EDTA) extractions were performed to assess Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn mobilization and their potential ecological risks in Abuja (Nigeria) water (WTS) and wastewater (WWTS) treatment sludges. Total metal levels (mg/kg) in WTS and WWTS, respectively were: Cd(3.67 and 5.03), Cr(5.70 and 9.03), Cu(183.59 and 231.53), Ni(1.33 and 3.23), Pb(13.43 and 17.87), Zn(243.45 and 421.29). DTPA furnished metal extraction yields (%) in WTS and WWTS, respectively as: Cd(11 and 6), Cr (15 and 7), Cu(17 and 13), Ni(23 and 3), Pb(11 and 12), and Zn(37 and 33). The metals were associated with the soluble/exchangeable, carbonate, Mn/Fe-oxide, organic matter and residual forms to varying degrees. Kinetic extractions cumulatively leached metal concentrations akin to the mobilizable fractions extracted sequentially and the leaching data fitted well into the Elovich model. Metal mobilities were concordant for the three leaching procedures and varied in the order:WTS>WWTS. Calculated ecological risk indices suggested moderate and considerable metal toxicity in WTS and WWTS, respectively with Cd as the worst culprit. The findings may be useful in predicting heavy metals bioavailability and risks in the sludges to guide their disposal and use in land applications.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

Basil is known to contain six types of polyphenols that engage in physiological activation; protocateuic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, courmaric acid, rosmarinic acid and quercetin. In this study, the antioxidants in eight types of basil were evaluated. Specifically, the antioxidative activation of basil was evaluated based on the relationship between active oxygen scavenging (DPPH radical-scavenging), which was used as an index showing the content and functionality of the polyphenol compounds in basil, and $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate (FTC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). The total polyphenol content of the different types basil occurred in the following order: Dark-opal> Lettuce> Bush> Greek> Lemon> Sweet> Geno> Holy. The highest content Dark-opal was 173.3 mg, which was about three times greater than the lowest content Holy, which was 49.85 mg. In addition, DPPH radical-scavenging by Dark-opal 51%, which was the highest scavenging activity occurred in the folling order: Dark-opal> Lettuce> Bush> Greek> Lemon> Sweet> Geno> Holy. The antioxidative activation values measured using the FTC and TBA were the same as the value obtained using the DPPH method. Finally, the level of antioxidative activation measured using FTC, TBA and DPPH methods showed that the higher the content of polyphenol substance was, the stronger the antioxidative activation became.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 1998

The chemical copositions in rice hulls of twenty six varieties which are one of the largest agricultural by-products in Korea were analyzed. The chemical compositions were 8.56~9.70% moisture, 10.01~17.16% ash, 44.02~55.50% crude fiber, 0.26~2.90% crude protein, 9.20~14.50% starch, and 0.28~0.69% lipid. There were no significantly difference in chemical compositions among twenty six varities. The mineral contents(mg/100g) were 14.3~392.4mg K, 59.4~389.1mg Ca, 31.78~377.8mg Zn, 19.4~104.4mg Na, 12.9~47.6mg Mg, 12.8~37.0mg Si, 8.3~30.5mg Fe, 7.9~26.1mg Al, 7.6~23.5mg Mn, and 6.3~40.3mg P. The contents of IDF (insoluble detergent fiber), SDF(soluble detergent were 70%, 1~2%, 67~73%, 51~60%, 11~17% and 0.3~2%, respectively. The lignin content was higher in Hwa-Young and Mankum than in others. The amounts of ethanol extracts of rice hulls were 1.01~1.52%. In conclusion, the chemical compositions were not significantly difference among twenty six rice hulls varieties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.57-59
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• 2002

Because of the growing demand for protect and maintain one's health, population search for good water increase very rapid in recent. This study was performed to investigate the at 432 sites natural spring water quality in Seoul. Samples for analysis were collected form January to December in 2001. The quality of water was evaluated by analyzing fourty items of Korea drinking water criteria. The main results of this study were as follows 1. The rate of natural spring water was 26.6％ and the Total colony, E.Coli and Yersinia of the total incongruence cause was 67.9％ 2. The distribution of phisical-chemical item on the incongruence cause was Residues on evaporation 8.6％, Turbidity 4.3％, Nitrate nitrogen 2.5％, pH 2.5％ and F-1,2％ 3. The most population area of mean drinking population per one day was that man of Gangnam was 312.92 person. Next to Yangcheon Seocho Seodaemun and Dongjak was 229.6, 195.31, 190.50, 190,00 person. 4. The more person and the number of natural spring water, the more non passed drinking criteria natural spring water except for Gangnam and Gangbuk. 5. The corelationship of drinking population and results of the tests do not exist and the corelationship of results and Total colony, E.Coli, Color, Turbidity, KMNO4 consumption, Residues on evaporation, Fe, Mn, Zn and A1 are existed positive relationship.