• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2012

Fat malabsorption is an important cause of poor growth in infancy and childhood. Steatorrhea tests have been developed using various methods. Traditional measurements of stool fat, however, require large samples and it often takes as a week to complete the analysis. In this paper, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantitative analysis of triacylglycerols, triolein, diolein and monoolein, in mouse feces. Moreover, the procedure was rapid, simple as well as compatible with LC-ESI/MS. Chloroform-isopropyl alcohol solution was used for fat-soluble sample extraction. After centrifugation and filtration, an analytical solution was prepared. Triolein, diolein and monoolein were separated using non-aqueous reversed-phase column with the mobile phase consisting of A (methanol) and B (acetone-isopropyl alcohol). The precision (% CV) and accuracy (% bias) of the assay were 3.8-14.7% and 85.2-114.9%, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of triolein, diolein and monoolein in feces from 30 mice. This method can therefore be applied to measure triacylglycerols in mouse feces accurately and precisely by LC-ESI/MS, thereby helping to predictive biomarker in fat malabsorption and diagnostic research.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2011

The family of bile acids belongs to a group of molecular species of acidic steroids with very peculiar biological characteristics. They are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol through several complementary pathways and secreted into small intestine for the participation in the digestion and absorption of fat. The bile acids are mostly confined to the territories of the so-called enterohepatic circulation, which includes the liver, the biliary tree, the intestine and the portal blood with which bile acids are returned to the liver. In patients with bile acid malabsorption, the amount of primary bile acids in the colon is increased compared to healthy controls. Although the increase in the secondary bile acids including deoxycholic acid, is reported to have the potency to affect tumorigenesis in gastrointestinal tracts, there is no firm evidence that clinically relevant concentrations of the bile acids induce cancer. The list of their physiological roles, as well as that of the pathological processes is long and still not complete. There is no doubt that many new concepts, pharmaceutical tools and pharmacological uses of bile acids and their derivatives will emerge in the near future.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1969

The conventional triolen absorption test has its defect in that the stool collection was cumbersome, time and energy-wasting. In the present study, the triolen absorption test was carried out using double tracer technique with $^{125}I-triolen\;and\;^{51}Cr_2O_3$ to determine if it can overcome the defect of the conventional method also with satisfactory results. Following were the results: 1. The clinical significance of this double tracer method was essentially the same with that previously done by radioactive. triolen alone. With the fractional fecal samples, the equation, y=0.626x+2.010 was substantiated, hence, this method appears to be clinically valuable if the appropriate correction is applied. With the mixed fecal samples, the equation y=0.642x+1.468 was substantiated (p<0.005) which appears to be also clinically valuable. When these two data were compared, the equation y=0.975x+0.090 (P<0.05) was substantiated, hence, $x{\fallingdotseq}y$. 2. The normal ranges of the fecal triolen excretion rate in this double tracer method were $3.46{\pm}1.69%$, namely, less than 6.9%. 3. The samplings were done from the first to third defecation in cases of clinically normal, and from the first to second defecation in cases of diarrhea or malabsorption. 4. The intestinal malabsorption of triolen was not observed in whom the triolen absorption was supposed to be clinically normal, however. a good number of suspicious malabsorptive cases showed the normal values.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.282-295
• /
• 2005

The processing of dietary lipids can be distinguished in several sequential steps, including their emulsification, hydrolysis and micellization, before they are absorbed by the enterocytes. Emulsification of lipids starts in the stomach and is mediated by physical forces and favoured by the partial lipolysis of the dietary lipids due to the activity of gastric lipase. The process of lipid digestion continues in the duodenum where pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) releases 50 to 70% of dietary fatty acids. Bile salts at low concentrations stimulate PTL activity, but higher concentrations inhibit PTL activity. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase activity is regulated by colipase, that interacts with bile salts and PTL and can release bile salt mediated PTL inhibition. Without colipase, PTL is unable to hydrolyse fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols, resulting in fat malabsorption with severe consequences on bioavailability of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic enzyme that is bile salt-stimulated and displays wide substrate reactivities, is involved in lipid digestion. The products of lipolysis are removed from the water-oil interface by incorporation into mixed micelles that are formed spontaneously by the interaction of bile salts. Monoacylglycerols and phospholipids enhance the ability of bile salts to form mixed micelles. Formation of mixed micelles is necessary to move the non-polar lipids across the unstirred water layer adjacent to the mucosal cells, thereby facilitating absorption.

• 대한심미치과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2004

The Schwachman-Diamond syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome(1/20,000 births), consisting of pancreatic insufficiency, neutopenia, which may be intermittent, neutrophil chemotaxis defects, metaphyseal dysostosis, failure to thrive and short stature. Patients present in infancy with poor growth and grease, foul-smelling stools that are characteristic of malabsorption. These children can be readily differentiated from those with cystic fibrosis by their normal sweat chloride levels, lack of the cystic fibrosis gene, and characteristic metaphyseal lesions. Pathologically, the pancreatic acini are replaced by fat with little fibrosis. The neutropenia may be cyclic. Recurrent pyogenic infections otitis media, pneumonia, dermatitis(fig 1), sepsis are common and a frequent cause of death. In dental examination, these patients had a poor oral hygine and moderate generalized marginal gingivitis, also show delayed primary tooth exfoliation and oral development. This report illustrates a case that pancreatic agenesis 6 yeas-old boy with various esthetic dental problems has been served the esthetic dental restoration of 6 years.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제46권12호
• /
• pp.1212-1216
• /
• 2003

목 적 : 로타바이러스 장염은 소아 위장관염의 주요 원인 중 하나로 수양성변을 특징으로 한다. 대변은 수양성일뿐 아니라 지방이 포함될 것으로 짐작되고 있으나 정량적 방법을 사용하여 대변 내 지방의 양을 측정한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구에서는 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 대변에서 지방량을 알아보고자 acid steatocrit 법을 사용하여 정량적으로 측정하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 6월부터 2002년 5월까지 건국대학교병원에 입원하였던 1개월에서 5세까지의 로타바이러스 장염 환아 72명 및 위장관 증상이 없는 대조군 환아 75명을 대상으로 하였다. 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 평균 연령은 $17{\pm}11$개월이었고 대조군 환아의 평균 연령은 $14{\pm}15$개월이었다(P>0.05). Acid steatocrit 법을 사용하여 대변 내 지방량을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 로타바이러스 장염 환아 및 대조군 환아의 acid steatocrit 치는 각각 $84.9{\pm}5.8%$와 $72.6{\pm}13.1%$로 두 군간의 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 연령별로 구분하여 보면, 1-6개월의 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 acid steatocrit 치는 $83.9{\pm}4.8%$로 대조군 환아의 $82.7{\pm}9.2%$와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 7-12개월의 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 acid steatocrit 치는 $85.9{\pm}5.9%$로 대조군 환아의 $70.0{\pm}11.6%$와 비교하여 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 13-18개월 및 19개월-5세의 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 acid steatocrit 치는 각각 $83.4{\pm}7.2%$와 $86.1{\pm}3.9%$로 대조군 환아의 acid steatocrit 치 $65.0{\pm}12.8%$, $65.3{\pm}9.3%$에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다(P<0.05). 로타바이러스 장염 환아에서 연령 군별 acid steatocrit 치는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 로타바이러스 장염 환아의 대변은 정상변과 비교하여 높은 acid steatocrit 치를 보여 로타바이러스 장염 환아에서 지방 흡수 장애가 동반됨을 확인하였고 그 원인은 소장 상피 세포의 기능 장애로 인한 흡수 장애에서 기인한다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2016

In many countries, goat milk is an excellent nutrient source and is less allergenic for children and the elderly. The casein composition of goat milk consists largely of ${\beta}$-casein and lower amounts of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein, which may interfere with digestion by forming solid curds in the human stomach. Goat milk contains small fat globules and large amounts of medium chain fatty acids for, better digestibility, as well as abundant minerals and vitamins with high absorption rates. Recently, the medical benefits of goat milk in different human disorders have been recognized, leading to an increased interest in developing functional foods with goat milk, particularly for individuals with malabsorption syndrome. However, the physiological and biochemical properties of goat milk are largely unknown. We review the importance of goat milk as a potential functional food by providing scientific evidence confirming its health benefits.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2005

비타민 K 결핍은 드물지만, 소량의 출혈이 지속적일 때 의심할 수 있으며, 담즙정체증과 성장 부진이 있을 때 동반될 수 있다. 저자들은 신생아기와 영아기의 비정상적인 출혈을 주소로 내원하여 담즙 정체증에 의한 비타민 K 결핍으로 진단되었던 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.41-77
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this research is that infant artificial feeding products is used in clonic with the study on characteristic, ingredients and indication of geneal and special modified milks. The result is as follows. 1. The main ingredients of four company products-Maeil , Namyang, Pasteur, Aebout is similar but the functional is different 2. General infant formula is divided into 100days, 5-6months, 12months, 24months and 36months out of consideration for growth and development of infant. 3. The indication and sorts of the special infant formula used at a hospital is as follows. PKU-1, PKU-2 formula is available for phenylketonuria. MPA formula is available for propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidomia. UCD is available for urea cycle disorder Leucine-free formula is available for isovaleric acidemia. Maeil LP is available for hypocalcemia. MCT formula is available for indigestion and malabsorption of fat. BCAA-free formula is available for Maple syrup urine disease. Protein-free formula is available for limit of protein uptake or mixture of peculiar amino acid or higher uptake of mineral, vitamin, calory. Methionine-free formula is available for homocystinuria and hypermethioninemia. Premature infant is available for premature and low birth weight. 4. The special infant formula published in nation is as follows. Maeil soy A, Maeil MF1, Namyang hope doctor and Maeil HA is available for diarrhea. Maeil HA, Maeil HA-21 and Namyang hope allergy is available for hypoallergy. Maeil soy A is available for diarrhea of milk allergy. Maeil MF1 or Namyang hope doctor is available for acute bacterial or viral temporal diarrhea. Maeil HA is available for allergic chronic diarrhea. Maeil HA and Namyang hope allergy as eHP-formula is available for chronic diarrhea for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. Maeil-21 as pHP-formula for neonates with allergy family, allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, asthma except digestive system.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Children with celiac disease (CD) are at an increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) owing to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, inflammation, and malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low BMD in Iranian children with CD. Methods: This prospective cohort study examined 149 Iranian children with CD between 2011 and 2018 at Zabol University of Medical Sciences. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from patients' medical records. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with low areal BMD (BMD-Z <-2) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Descriptive data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: Of the 149 children with CD, 27.5% had osteoporosis. The mean body mass index (BMI) Z score was -1.28±1.2. Lower BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of BMD-Z (odds ratio 2.17; p≤0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study showed that there was no correlation among Marsh classification, presence of specific human leukocyte antigens, and low BMD in Iranian children with CD. BMI can be a predictor of bone density in children with CD and may be applied clinically in early screenings to evaluate the bone health status in these children.