• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2001

To understand molecular mechanisms that regulate deposition and release of intramuscular fat, a fasting-induced clone was identified by differential screening from cDNA library of adipose tissues of Korean cattle. The clone had a total length of 1,319 nucleotides coding for 334 amino acids. It was identified as one encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase H chain (LDH-B). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine LDH-B with those of pig, human, rat, and mouse showed 98%, 98%, 97%, and 96% identity, respectively. Food deprivation for 48 h increased mRNA levels of LDH-B gene in adipose tissues of Korean cattle compared to fed- and 6 h refed- tissues. The expression of obese mRNA was examined for individual adipose tissue from several fat depots. Fasting induced expression of LDH-B gene in subcutaneous adipose tissues, but it did not affect expression levels in abdominal, perirenal and intramuscular tissues. Results demonstrate that induction of LDH-B gene during fasting may represent a metabolic shift from anaerobic state to aerobic predominance in fasted adipose tissues and that its responses to fasting are different among several adipose tissues.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2009

Food deprivation decreases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, which is ascribed to alterations in availability of hepatic cysteine, a rate limiting factor for the GSH synthesis. The present study examines the effects of food deprivation on hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acid in male rats. In rats fasted for 24 or 48 hours, hepatic GSH levels were decreased from $6.70{\pm}0.16{\mu}mol/g$ liver to $4.02{\pm}0.20$ or $4.06{\pm}0.07{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine levels were also decreased in fasted rats, but S-adenosylhomocysteine levels were increased. Hepatic methionine levels were not changed by food deprivation for 48 hours. On the other hand, hepatic cysteine or taurine levels were increased from $106.2{\pm}4.1$ to $130.0{\pm}2.7$ nmol/g liver or from $2.45{\pm}0.43$ to $5.07{\pm}0.78{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively, in 48-hour fasted rats. Activity of cystathionine beta-synthase catalyzed homocysteine to cystathionine, was markedly decreased, but activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase was increased in fasted rats, indicating that methylation of homocysteine to methionine is activated. Also activity of cysteine dioxygenase, involved in taurine synthesis, was increased. These results suggested that hepatic methionine levels were maintained in rats fasted for 48 hours through increase in homocysteine methylation, and hepatic GSH may serve as a cysteine supplier reservoir in fasting state.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between headache and gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Methods : 127 patients(male 40, female 87) with functional dyspepsia were enrolled. By using inquiry and the questionnaire, we examined whether each patient had headache and abdominal pain. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the above symptoms. Gastric motility was measured during the fasting-postprandial state by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Results : 33 patients complained of headache. There was a significant difference between headache patients and non-headache patients in gastric arrhythmia of the fasting state. Moreover, in headache patients without abdominal pain, postprandial improvement of gastric arrhythmia was poorer than the other groups. So, headache patients without abnormal pain had more severe gastric myoelectrical rhythm disorder than headache patients with abdominal pain. Conclusion : Headache could be one of symptoms induced by gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia. Especially, headache in functional dyspepsia was related to gastric arrhythmia.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2021

Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) has emerged as a regulator of hepatic glucose, bile acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. However, the functional mechanism underlying the effect of LRH-1 on lipid mobilization has not been addressed. This study investigated the regulatory function of LRH-1 in lipid metabolism in maintaining a normal liver physiological state during fasting. The Lrh-1^f/f and LRH-1 liver-specific knockout (Lrh-1^LKO) mice were either fed or fasted for 24 h, and the liver and serum were isolated. The livers were used for qPCR, western blot, and histological analysis. Primary hepatocytes were isolated for immunocytochemistry assessments of lipids. During fasting, the Lrh-1^LKO mice showed increased accumulation of triglycerides in the liver compared to that in Lrh-1^f/f mice. Interestingly, in the Lrh-1^LKO liver, decreases in perilipin 5 (PLIN5) expression and genes involved in β-oxidation were observed. In addition, the LRH-1 agonist dialauroylphosphatidylcholine also enhanced PLIN5 expression in human cultured HepG2 cells. To identify new target genes of LRH-1, these findings directed us to analyze the Plin5 promoter sequence, which revealed -1620/-1614 to be a putative binding site for LRH-1. This was confirmed by promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, fasted Lrh-1^f/f primary hepatocytes showed increased co-localization of PLIN5 in lipid droplets (LDs) compared to that in fasted Lrh-1^LKO primary hepatocytes. Overall, these findings suggest that PLIN5 might be a novel target of LRH-1 to mobilize LDs, protect the liver from lipid overload, and manage the cellular needs during fasting.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2008

This study demonstrated the effects of extracts from the mushroom Keumsa sangwhang(Phellinus linteus) (KPLE) on fasting glucose and cholesterol levels in human blood. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled human intervention study, healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 3.3 g of KPLE (n=31) or placebo (n=31) per day by oral administration for 8 weeks. The cholesterol and fasting serum glucose levels were evaluated before and after treatment. The fasting serum glucose level was significantly decreased by KPLE administration (p<0.01), but the total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLcholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations did not change. This study suggests a possibility that KPLE may be useful as a functional food for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2023

'Fasting of the Mind (心齋, ch. xīn zhāi)' is arguably the most important concept within the practical approach to the spiritual cultivation formulated by the Daoist philosopher, Zhuangzi (莊子). Most scholars have interpreted 'Fasting of the Mind' as an apophatic practice centered around the aim of the 'Dissolution of the Self (喪我, ch. sàng wŎ).' The Korean new religious movement, Daesoon Jinrihoe (大巡眞理會), can be shown to instead consistently utilize cataphatic descriptions of spiritual cultivation based on the 'quieting of the mind (安心, kr. anshim)' and 'quieting of the body (安身, kr. anshin)' with the highest attainable state referred to as the 'Perfected State of Unification with the Dao (道通眞境, kr. Dotong-jingyeong).' While the language used by Zhuangzi and Daesoon Jinrihoe appears quite different on a superficial level, a deeper examination shows that these rhetorical framings are likely negativistic and positivistic descriptions of the same, or at least reasonably similar, phenomena. Zhuangzi, who focused primarily on the body, mind, and internal energy, cautioned practitioners that 'mere listening stops with the ears (聽止於耳, ch. tīng zhǐ yú ěr)' and 'mere recognition stops with the mind (心止於符, ch. xīn zhǐ yú fú).' He therefore encouraged cultivators of the Dao to 'listen with the spirit (聽之以氣 ch. tīng zhī yǐ qì).' The main scripture of Daesoon Jinrihoe states that "The mind is a pivot, gate, and gateway for gods; They, who turn the pivot, open, and close the gate, and go back and forth through the gateway, can be either good or evil (心也者, 鬼神之樞機也, 門戶也,道路也)," and the Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven (九天上帝, kr. Gucheon Sangje) even promises to visit anyone who possesses a 'singularly-focused mind (一心, kr. il-shim).' In both these approaches, there is a sense of what must be kept out of the mind (e.g., external disturbances, strong emotions, malevolent entities) and what the mind should connect with to attain spiritual progress (e.g., spirit, singular focus, the Supreme God). The observations above serve as the main basis for a comparison between the apophatic descriptions of cultivation found in Zhuangzi and their cataphatic counterparts in Daesoon Thought. However, the culmination of this nuanced comparative exploration reveals that while the leanings of Zhuangzi and Daesoon Thought generally hold true, ultimately, both systems of cultivation transcend the categories of apophatic and cataphatic.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1995

세포막의 결합장치들은 형태학적으로나 기능적으로 분화된 특이한 구조이며 각기 인접한 세포막 사이의 특징적인 부위에 위치한다. 그러나 이들 결합장치가 간세포의 기능상태에 연관하여 미세구조적으로 어떠한 변화를 보이는지에 관해서는 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 간세포의 기능적 변동에 따르는 간세포막 사이 결합장치의 형태학적 변화를 알아보기 위하여 정상군과 8일간 기아 시킨 기아군으로 구분한 휜쥐 ($Wister,\;{\uparrow},\;250{\sim}280g$)에서 절취된 간조직을 박절편과 급속동결할 단복제법에 의거 표본을 제작하여 이들 결합장치의 미세구조상을 비교 고찰하였다. 그 결과 담세관주위의 폐쇄띠는 기아상태에서 현저히 감축되거나 소실되어 있었는데 이러한 소견은 박절편과 급속동결할단복제에서 다 같이 관찰되었으며 기아상태하에서 결합반과 교통반의 현저한 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 정상상태하에서 이들 결합장치가 비교적 일정한 구조를 유지하고 있을 것이라는 일반적인 견해와는 달리 본 연구에서는 박절편이나 급속동결할단복제에서 다 같이 폐쇄띠가 부위에 따라 현저한 구조적 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 이러한 결과로 미루어 폐쇄띠의 감축이나 소실은 기아로 인한 간세포의 기능저하가 담즙물질의 생성을 저해하게 됨으로서 담세관의 내압이 저하된 데 기인된 현상으로 생각된다. 또한 결합반의 증가는 기아로 인하여 감축된 간세포를 지지하므로서 간조직의 유지를 도우려는데 있었을 것이며 교통반의 증가는 기아로 인한 간세포의 기능적 저하가 간세포상호간의 물질교환을 필요로 하였기 때문이었을 것으로 추정된다. 특히 정상상태하에서도 부위에 따라 폐쇄띠의 미세구조적 변화가 있었던 것은 이 결합장치가 간세포의 기능이나 담세관의 상태에 민감하게 반응하기 때문일 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.269-278
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• 1986

본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 혈중유리지방산은 정상식이시 비운동선수군에서 운동부하시 증가하며 그증가의 정도는 운동부하량과 비례적인 관계를 보였으며 운동선수군에서도 같은 경향이었다. 18시간의 단기간 절식시에는 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 정상식이시에 비하여 2.5배의 증가를 보였으나 비운동선수군은 운동부하량에 따라 증가한데 비하여 운동선수군에서는 변화가 없었다. 혈당은 정상식이시 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가했으나 절식시에는 증가의 정도가 완만하였다. 혈중 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤은 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 운동부하에 의한 변화는 없었으며 절식시 중성지방은 정상식이에 비하여 양군에서 현저히 감소하였다. 분당 심박동수는 식이시에 비운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가하였으며 운동선수군은 비운동선수군보다 완만히 증가하였다. 절식시에는 비운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가했으나 운동선수군은 운동부하초기에 증가한 후 변화가 없었으며 양군 모두 절식시에 정상식이에 비하여 운동부하량에 따른 증가의 정도가 완만하였다. 운동선수군에서 비운동선수군에 비하여 분당 맥박수가 현저히 낮았으며 운동부하량에 따른 증가용도 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 단기간의 절식은 운동부하전 및 운동부하시에 정상식이에 비하여 유리지방산의 이용을 증대시켰으며 또한 운동선수군에서의 혈중 유리지빙산, 글루코스 및 심박동수의 변화 양상이 절식시의 그것과 유사한 것으로 보아 단기간의 절식이 체력단련과 비슷한 효과를 가져오는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1981

The fasting serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 32 normal healthy subjects without recognized gastrointestinal symptoms and 90 patients with various gastric diseases, who were visited or admitted to National Medical Center from February to June, 1981. The following results were obtained; 1) The fasting mean serum gastrin level in normal subjects was $55.9{\pm}26.3pg/ml$, and there was no difference between male and female. 2) The gastrin levels in gastric and duodenal ulcer were $85.0{\pm}28.4$ and $76.0{\pm}43.0pg/ml$ respectively, and it's values were elevated as compared with normal subjects. In gastric ulcer, the gastrin level was elevated than that of duodenal ulcer, but no significant difference in each other. 3) The gastrin level in stomach cancer was $89.5{\pm}42.2pg/ml$, and it's values were markedly elevated as compared with values in normal subjects. 4) The gastrin level in gastritis was $73.4{\pm}37.4pg/ml$, and it's values were elevated as compared with values in normal subjects. 5) The gastrin level in post-gastrectomy state was $50.3{\pm}16.3pg/ml$, and it's values were slightly decreased as compared with values in normal subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to estimate the NE values of corn, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat bran (WB) for laying hens based on an indirect calorimetry method and nitrogen balance measurements. A total of 576 twenty-eight-wk-old Dwarf Pink-shell laying hens were randomly assigned to four groups fed a basal diet (BD) or a combination of BD with 50% corn or 20% DDGS or 20% WB, with four replicates each. After a 7-d adaptation period, each replicate with 36 hens were kept in one of the two respiration chambers to measure the heat production (HP) for 6 days during the feeding period and subsequent 3-d fasting. The equilibrium fasting HP (FHP) provided an estimate of NE requirements for maintenance (NEm). The NE values of test feedstuffs was estimated using the difference method. Results showed that the heat increment that contributed 35.34 to 37.85% of ME intake was not influenced by experimental diets (p>0.05) when expressed as Mcal/kg of DM feed intake. Lighting increased the HP in hens in an fed-state. The FHP decreased over time (p<0.05) with the lowest value determined on the third day of starvation. No significant difference between treatments was found on FHP of d 3 (p>0.05). The estimated AME, AMEn, and NE values were 3.46, 3.44 and 2.25 Mcal/kg DM for corn, 3.11, 2.79, and 1.80 Mcal/kg DM for DDGS, 2.14, 2.10, and 1.14 Mcal/kg DM for WB, respectively. The net availability of AME of corn tended to be numerically higher than DDGS and WB (p = 0.096). In conclusion, compared with corn, the energy values of DDGS and WB were overestimated when expressed on an AME basis.