• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.267-270
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• 1996

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of a dark (06:00-12:00), light (12:00-18:00), dark (18:00-24:00), and light (00:00-06:00) cycle on the ruminating behavior of five fasting female goats. Rumination time and number of boli were not different in the dark and light periods of the fed state or in the second and third days of fasting. Ruminating time and number of boli increased in the dark (06:00-12:00) period compared to the light (12:00-18:00) period during the first day of fasting. Ruminating time was higher after the first day of fasting than the fed state, and decreased substantially after the first day of fasting than the fed state, and decreased substantially after the second and third days of fasting compared to the fed state or the first day of fasting. Number of boli/day was not different among the fed state, the second and third days of fasting but was higher after the first day fasting compared to the fed state.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive capability of fasting-state measurements of glucose and insulin levels alone for abnormal glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In total, 153 Korean women with PCOS were included in this study. The correlations between the 2-hour postload glucose (2-hr PG) level during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and other parameters were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. The predictive accuracy of fasting glucose and insulin levels and other fasting-state indices for assessing insulin sensitivity derived from glucose and insulin levels for abnormal glucose tolerance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Significant correlations were observed between the 2-hr PG level and most fasting-state parameters in women with PCOS. However, the area under the ROC curve values for each fasting-state parameter for predicting abnormal glucose tolerance were all between 0.5 and 0.7 in the study participants, which falls into the "less accurate" category for prediction. Conclusion: Fasting-state measurements of glucose and insulin alone are not enough to predict abnormal glucose tolerance in women with PCOS. A standard OGTT is needed to screen for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

IGFs and IGFBPs have an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis. This study was conducted to investigate the changes of insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I. IGF-II and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) on fasting and postprandial state in Korean diabetes, Twenty eight healthy subjects and fifty seven diabetic patients participated in this study. The healthy subjects were not knowingly suffered from any disease and were not receiving any medical treatment, and diabetic subjects were undergo medical treatment, continuously. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). Blood pressure was measured. Plasma lipid profiles were analyzed by enzymatic methods, plasma Insulin and glucose levels were measured in fasting and postprandial state, respectively. The levels of serum IGFs and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The levels of glucose and insulin were significantly higher in diabetes than normal subjects on fasting as well as postprandial state (p<0.0l). The levels of IGF-I was significantly lower in diabetes than normal subjects, however in postprandial state, there was no significant difference between diabetes and control subjects, The levels of IGF-II were significantly lower in diabetes than control subjects both fasting and postpradial state, The level of IGFBP-3 were not significantly different between diabetes and normal subjects. Fasting IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated with those levels on postprandial state, fasting IGe levels of IGF-I levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin levels, and postprandial IGF-I levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, postprandial insulin and postprandial insulin levels, plasma triglyceride levels were correlated with plasma triglyceride levels. The IGFBP-3 levels were not correlated with IGF components, glucose, insulin and plasma lipids, These results demonstrate that in diabetes, the components IGF-I/IGFBPs system were significantly correlated with plsma glucose and insulin levels both fasting and postprandial state.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine on the changes of body compositions. Methods : This study was carried out on 11 patients who carried out modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine. They went through reducing food intakes period(7 days), fasting period(10~14 days) and refeeding period(10~14 days). Body compositions(weight, BMI(body mass index), skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were measured at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results : 1. The weight and BMI decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and increased during the refeeding period. But the weight and BMI decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. 2. The skeletal muscle mass decreased during the fasting period and increased during the refeeding period. As the final outcome, for the whole fasting therapy period, decrease of skeletal muscle mass didn't show significance. The body fat mass and percent body fat decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. 3. The basal metabolic rate decreased during the fasting period and increased during the refeeding period. As the final outcome, for the whole fasting therapy period, decrease of basal metabolic rate didn't show significance. 4. The waist-hip ratio decreased during the fasting period and the refeeding period. The visceral fat area decreased during the fasting period and refeeding period. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions. This results are expected to compensate the defects of existing fasting therapy.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified fasting therapy on the changes of body compositions. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 33 patients, who carried out modified fasting therapy at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1st, 2011 to December 30th, 2015. They went through reducing food intakes period (7 days), fasting period (14 days) and refeeding period (14 days). Body compositions (weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were reviewed at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results: The body composition values (weight, body mass index [BMI], skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. The weight, BMI, percent body fat and visceral fat area decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. The skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate significantly decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and insignificantly increased during the refeeding period. Conclusions: Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social support on type 2 diabetes by classifying it into diabetes and impaired fasting blood sugar, a pre-diabetic state. Subjects of this study were 22,846 adults aged 30 years or above who agreed and registered to participate in the "Korean Health Examine Cohort (KOEX)" study that simultaneously collects questionnaires and biological samples at 8 university hospitals around the nation. Normal fasting blood sugar was defined as below 100 mg/dL, and impaired fasting blood sugar was defined as 100~125 mg/dL. Diagnosis of diabetes was defined as fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or above, diagnosis by a doctor, or medication of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent. Social support groups were divided into 4 groups, and Group 1 (G1) had high positive support and low negative support. This is the reference group with the highest social support. During multivariate analysis, female group (G3) that had high positive support and high negative support showed prevalence of impaired fasting blood sugar 1.19 times higher (95% CI = 1.02~1.41) than G1. As this study confirmed that social support increases fasting blood sugar of women after correction for socioeconomic status, health behavior, and biological and medical variables, it implies the importance of social relations such as social support in addition to management of personal risk factors for prevention of type 2 diabetes.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.223-224
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• 2002

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of a new reversible proton pump inhibitor (YH1885, Yuhan Pharmaceutical Co.) was done as a phase 1 clinical trial in Seoul national University Hospital Clinical trialcenter. Single dose of 60, 100, 150, 200, and 300mg were administered to total 20 healthy subjects under fasting state. Six subjects were given 100 mg after food and 12 subjects were given multiple doses of 150 and 300 mg every day for 7 days under fasting state. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 1985

Effect of food on the absorption characteristics of oral rifampicin was studied in the fasted rats. Rifampicin dissolved in a new cosolvent was also injected to the rats intravenously, and the pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to explain the effect of food on the gastrointestinal absorption of rifampicin. Rifampicin was absorbed rapidly and completely in the fasting state. Food had a profound effect on the gastrointestinal absorption of rifampicin, i. e., bioavailability and the extent of absorption were decreased to less than one-third of the fasting state in the postprandial state. Food seemed to imhibit the absorption and reabsorption of rifampicin in the gastrointestinal tract, but not the absorption rate constant. Hepatobiliary excretion seemed to be the major route of elimination, since the renal clearance accounted for only 8 % of the systemic clearance. Nevertheless, first-pass effect was negligibly small and most of rifampicin absorbed could reach systemic circulation. Serum concentration change of oral rifampicin on multiple dosing differed markedly in the fasting and postprandial state, which suggested the need of careful adjustment of dosage regimen in both states.