• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2009

To elucidate the effect of a 4 week dietary supplementation with pumpkin water extract on serum lipid and fasting glucose levels, 41 female collegians residing in the Gyeonggi area were recruited. The subjects were divided into three groups: placebo-control (PC, n=11), treatment A (TA, 100 ml/day, n=13), and treatment B (TB, 300 ml/day, n=17). Total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and fasting glucose were analyzed. The average age, height, weight, and body mass index of the subjects were 21.3 years, 161.1 cm, 53.0 kg, and 20.4 $kg/m^2$, respectively. The average total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG, and fasting glucose level (mg/dl) were 171.4${\pm}$26.1, 63.5${\pm}$11.4, 92.6${\pm}$22.9, 76.8${\pm}$32.0, and 89.1${\pm}$8.2, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in any measured parameters, and between the pre- and post-study values of the all parameters. The results indicated that the 4 week pumpkin water extract supplementation (100 ml, 300 ml) did not influence the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG and fasting glucose level in female collegians.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2017

A highly obese female patient (body mass index=$30.8kg/m^2$) participated in a 10-day Gamrosu modified fasting therapy with soluble dietary fiber supplementation to enhance lipid metabolism. Gamrosu is a modified fasting therapy beverage which is made from medical herbs and carbohydrates (431 kcal/d). Before and after fasting, we evaluated the efficacy of therapy by measuring the changes of body composition and blood chemistry. After the modified fasting therapy, -6.1% of body weight and -5.6% of body fat mass were decreased. With regard to blood chemistry, all the plasma lipid levels were lowered. -37.4% of total cholesterol, -39.7% of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, -39.0% of triglyceride and -27% of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were reduced. Further studies are needed to alleviate the reduction of HDL-cholesterol to apply the Gamrosu modified fasting to hyperlipidemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.310-317
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of coated liposome from Discorea rhizoma extract (DRE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced, we evaluated changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose, blood insulin and blood lipid concentrations in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: (DC), diabetic DRE at 10 mg/kg (DRE-1), diabetic DRE at 50 mg/kg (DRE-2), and diabetic DRE at 250 mg/kg (DRE-3). Mice had free access to water and diet (10 weeks). The DC group showed higher blood cholesterol than the DRE-1, DRE-2, DRE-3 groups. In glucose tolerance test, the DRE-1, DRE-2, and DRE-3 groups increased after 30 minutes in decremental glycemic response area under the curve. Fasting blood glucose levels in the DRE groups significantly decreased through 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were also lower in the DRE groups. On the other hand, the DRE-1, DRE-2 and DRE-3 groups showed higher HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels than the DC group. Moreover, blood glucose and lipid levels significantly decreased in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice treated with DRE. These results indicate that DRE may reduce elevated blood glucose levels and serum lipid concentrations in hypoglycemic and diabetic mice, suggesting its usefulness as a functional food.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.261-274
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• 2015

Although fasting programs have recently attracted close attention because of benefits of detoxification, few studies have examined these programs. This study investigates the effects of a modified juice-based fasting program on lipid metabolism. A total of 33 volunteers fasted for 10 days and participated in program lectures, exercise programs, water bath regimens, and enemas. Pre- and post-program blood samples were obtained to evaluate lipoprotein levels. A paired t-test was conducted using SPSS 18.0. Changes in the lipid profile were observed during the juice-based fasting program and attending 3 degrees. All lipid profiles decreased significantly, including total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). Program participation was documented by assessing attendance levels as high, moderate, and low. TC decreased significantly in all programs and levels (p<0.05), TG decreased proportionally only in enemas according to the attending degree: high (48 %), moderate (20 %), and low (10 %). HDL-C decreased at all low levels, but moderate exercise ($53.8{\pm}12.5mg/dL$ to $55.6{\pm}10.2mg/dL$) and a high enema ($54.9{\pm}14.1mg/dL$ to $55.0{\pm}9.4mg/dL$) showed small increases. The antioxidant property of the juice-based fasting program in terms of the blood vessel, enemas, and exercise played an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease from increased levels of HDL-C. These results suggest that juice-based fasting and combined lifestyle programs may help improve lipid metabolism and protect against dyslipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

The study was designed to observe the effect of complete listing for 10 days on body fatness, serum leptin level and lipid profile in thirty women who were admitted to fasting Clinical Program in Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center. Most of the subjects had food habits of over-eating and preferred oily foods which was correlated to the increase of body weight and BMI during realimentation. Average loss of body weight was 7.98kg and waist-hip ratio was significantly decreased during fasting. Body weight showed significant positive correlation with body fat(r=0.8182), lean body mass(r=0.7797) and total body water(r=0.7563). Body fat was gradually reduced after 9 days fasting, but lean body mass was not diminished any more after 7 days luring. Serum leptin level was significantly decreased after luring and re-feeding. The leptin showed significant positive correlation with body weight(r=0.9324), body mass index(r=0.8279) and body fat(r=0.8376). The levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly increased but HDL-C level was significantly decreased after fasting which increased could be harmful for persons with hypercholesterolemia. VLDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly decreased after fasting. Serum total free fatty acid level was significantly increased after fasting. These data suggest that the best way of maintaining the reduced body weight was to carry out the modification of food habits and behavior in daily lift. It could not be recommended to repeat often complete luting for reduction of body weight. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 42-48, 2000)

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

IGFs and IGFBPs have an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis. This study was conducted to investigate the changes of insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I. IGF-II and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) on fasting and postprandial state in Korean diabetes, Twenty eight healthy subjects and fifty seven diabetic patients participated in this study. The healthy subjects were not knowingly suffered from any disease and were not receiving any medical treatment, and diabetic subjects were undergo medical treatment, continuously. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). Blood pressure was measured. Plasma lipid profiles were analyzed by enzymatic methods, plasma Insulin and glucose levels were measured in fasting and postprandial state, respectively. The levels of serum IGFs and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The levels of glucose and insulin were significantly higher in diabetes than normal subjects on fasting as well as postprandial state (p<0.0l). The levels of IGF-I was significantly lower in diabetes than normal subjects, however in postprandial state, there was no significant difference between diabetes and control subjects, The levels of IGF-II were significantly lower in diabetes than control subjects both fasting and postpradial state, The level of IGFBP-3 were not significantly different between diabetes and normal subjects. Fasting IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated with those levels on postprandial state, fasting IGe levels of IGF-I levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin levels, and postprandial IGF-I levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, postprandial insulin and postprandial insulin levels, plasma triglyceride levels were correlated with plasma triglyceride levels. The IGFBP-3 levels were not correlated with IGF components, glucose, insulin and plasma lipids, These results demonstrate that in diabetes, the components IGF-I/IGFBPs system were significantly correlated with plsma glucose and insulin levels both fasting and postprandial state.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2008

Objective: This pilot study was performed to investigate the effect of metformin on insulin resistance, hormone levels, and lipid profiles in non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This study included 16 non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed at our hospital from June 2006 to September 2007. Blood samples were collected before and 6 months after metformin treatment for analysis of fasting serum glucose levels, fasting serum insulin levels, a glycemic response to 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and hormonal blood profile including FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, serum lipid profiles. Insulin resistance was estimated by calculating fasting glucose/insulin ratio (FGIR), 2 hr glucose/insulin ratio after 75 g glucose load. And we investigated insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function by calculating HOMA beta cell function and HOMA IR. Results: After the treatment of metformin, there was significant increase in 2 hr glucose/insulin ratio after 75 g glucose load (p=0.04) and decrease in HOMA IR (p=0.000). But serum lipid profiles did not change significantly. Also the metformin treatment induced a significant reduction in serum free testosterone and LH levels, and LH/FSH ratio (p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.034). Conclusion: This pilot study showed that metformin might be effective in improving insulin sensitivity, ameliorating hyperandrogenemia in non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Further investigations with larger number of patients and long-term observations are necessary to determine the role of metformin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the fasting blood sugar and serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and obesity indices (BMI, body fat rates, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio). The study sample consists of 1,473 manufacturing workers aged from 30 to 59 years, who underwent a health check-up at a university hospital during the period from Jan. to Dec. 2015. A data analysis was conducted to classify the subjects into the normal and abnormal groups according to their fasting blood sugar levels depending on the average values of the serum lipids and obesity indices. Multiple regression analyzes adjusted for sex and age were conducted for the factors affecting the fasting blood sugar level. As a result, the Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, BMI and waist circumference were found to be significantly higher in the abnormal fasting blood sugar level group than in the normal one, but the HDL-C was significantly lower in the abnormal group than in the normal one The fasting blood sugar level had a significant positive correlation with the TC, TG, LDL-C, BMI and waist circumference. The TC, TG, BMI and body fat were the significant factors affecting the fasting blood sugar. The above results suggest that the fasting blood sugar and serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), obesity indices (BMI, body fat rates, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio) of manufacturing workers are significantly associated with each other.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among the levels of fasting serum insulin, free fatty acid, lipids and anthropometry in normal-weight female college students. Serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were negatively correlated. However, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were not correlated with fat mass or BMI(body mass index). The ability of anthropometric and biochemical indicators to predict fatness could be important for epidemiologic and clinical research. In the subjects, waist cirumference was correlated with BMI, fat mass and percent body fat, and HDLC/CHOL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol/cholesterol)was correlated with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. Our data suggests than waist circumference and HDLC/CHOL are predictors of fatness, whereas WHR apears to be a less important contributor to fatness in female college students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.2 s.57
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• pp.327-341
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• 1997

It is a well known fact that obesity is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, emphasized by many studies. Recently, cardiovascular diseaase has been found to correlate not only to the extent of obesity, but also the fat distribution of the individual; especially, focusing on obesity of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the proposed indices for abdominal obesity are numerous, and the results vary according to the index chosen. Three-hundred and twelve bus drivers in November, 1995, were chosen as subjects of this study. The author chose to measure serum lipid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure, that are thought to be important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity indices were calculated using anthropometric measurements. We were able to evaluate the significance of obesity indices by examining correlations between these indices and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The abdominal obesity indices and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the levels of total cholesterol in the serum, fasting blood sugar levels, and diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly according to age. 2. There was a significant difference in the abdominal obesity indices according to drinking and smoking habits controlled for age. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, triglyceride and diastolic pressures had significant differences according to the presence or absence of a drinking history controlled for age. 3. Although all obesity indices showed significant correlations, the weakest correlation was between BMI and abdominal diameter index and the strongest correlation was between sagittal diameter and sagittal diameter matched for height. 4. There was a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and obesity indices. The weakest correlation was between fasting blood sugar levels and both SD and SDH showed correlations with the risk factors. 5. There was a significant correlation between SD and total cholesterol in the serum and fasting blood sugars controlled for age, drinking, and BMI. 6. After categorizing the subjects into 2 separate age groups at the 40 year mark, in the less than 40 you old age group, controlled for drinking and BMI, the results of comparitive studies have shown correlations between total cholesterol serum levels and waist-hip ratio, conicity-index, and SD. There were correlations between fasting blood sugar levels and SD, ADI, and SDH. There were no correlations between obesity indices and both total cholesterol serum levels and fasting blood sugar levels in the greater than 40 year old age group. There were significant correlations between abdominal obesity indices and total serum cholesterol or fasting blood sugar levels in the less than 40 year old age group, but no correlations in the age group over 40. These correlated factors between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease are assumed to exist in Korea as well. Furthermore, in this study a high correlation was found between SD, SDH and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Even when controlled for age, drinking, smoking, and BMI, the correlations between risk factors of cardiovascular disease and these indices exist. Therefore, the obesity indices, SD and SDH may prove to be important prognostic indicators or risk factors of cardiovascular disease.