• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and related factors of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents. Method: Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2015, 404 adolescents aged 12-18 years were enrolled. We used the adolescent Ford method as the diagnostic criteria for adolescent metabolic syndrome. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and logistic regression with SPSS WINDOW 23.0 program. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents was 6.5% (6.5% for boys and 6.4% for girls). Among metabolic syndrome components, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (28.8%) was the highest, followed by elevated triglycerides (21.3%), increased waist circumference (14.1%), decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (11.5%), and elevated fasting blood sugar (7.8%). The only factor associated with metabolic syndrome in both boys and girls was the Body Mass Index (BMI), and the likelihood of a metabolic syndrome increased by 1.6 to 2.3 times (Adjusted OR=1.552 to 2.313, p=0.001) as the BMI increased. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an intervention program should be developed and provided to maintain the BMI in the normal range for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.268-275
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• 2010

Coronary artery calcium scores(CACS) has been used as surrogate marker for coronary atherosclerosis. We evaluated 1042 patients who visited the Department of Health Promotion Center in Chonnam National University Hospital and had a test of the CACS from January 2006, to December 2008. This study was performed to evaluate the relation of the CACS with Cadiovascular disease(CVD) risk factors and FRS. CACS and FRS was a significant difference between the group whose calcium score was 0 and the group whose calcium scores were 1 in case of men 2.38(95% CI, 1.83-3.11), women 2.12(95% CI, 1.03-4.35). The age-and sex-adjusted odds ratios for predictor of CVD risk factors to women with age was 1.10(95% CI, 1.06-1.15), HDL-cholesterol was 2.38(95% CI, 1.04-5.44), Fasting plasma glucose was 2.89(95% CI, 1.16-7.21), to men with age was 1.11(95% CI, 1.08-1.14), LDL-cholesterol was 2.12(95% CI, 1.28-3.50), gamma-GTP was 1.73(95% CI, 1.17-2.55), Diabetes mellitus medication was 3.92(95% CI, 1.73-8.89). The CACS seems to be a siginificant factor to evaluate the CVD risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1986

The Calorimetric experiment was made firstly to measure the difference in energy metabolisms of laying hens among their three different laying periods, secondly to estimate the energy requirements of the layers on their respective laying periods. The laying period was divided into three chronological periods of 25-40, 41-55, and 56-69 weeks old of laying hens, which are refered to as period I, II, and III respectively. 1) The fasting heat production (FHP) of laying hen on the three laying periods were 81.5 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for period I, 72.3 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for perod II, and 97.5 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for perod III. The marked increase in FHP was found in period m, while there was a small difference in FHP between period I and II. The present study have observed among the birds in period in the high degree of plumage defectiveness, and this condition of bird might have accounted for the increase in FHP. 2) The regression equation between ME intake and energy retention (ER) were calculated, and the equations indicated that, for the period I, II, and III, the ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) were 123, 111, and 131 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ respectively, and that the Net Availabilities of Metabolizable energy (NAME) were 76, 79, and 74 percent respectively. For the whole laying period measured, MEm was 119 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ and NAME was 79 percent. There was a tendancy of higher MEm, and lower NAME during Period III, comparing with period I and II.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.728-739
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• 1998

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.360-368
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• 2005

Background & Object: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Traditional Korean medical therapy on gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods: 29 patients(male 10, female 19) were divided into two groups; Inpatient group(N=10, male 1, female 9) and outpatient group(N=19, male 9, female 10). 10 healthy people participated in this study as normal controls. Gastric motility was recorded and analyzed by electrogastrography(EGG) during fasting and postprandial periods. Hospital treatment included electroacupuncture on ST36, acupuncture, and herbal medicine. Outpatients were treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture. Inpatients underwent hospital treatment for two weeks, and after discharge they were treated as outpatients for six weeks. In inpatient group, EGG was recorded before and after hospital treatment and it was recorded at six weeks after discharge. In outpatient group, EGG was recorded before starting treatment and it was recorded once a every six weeks for twelve weeks. Results: There was no significant difference in EGG parameters between before and after therapy in outpatient group. In inpatient group, postprandial normal slow wave increased after hospital treatment(from $33.94{\pm}14.13$ to $62.63{\pm}20.18$, p<0.05) and postprandial tachygastria decreased(from $43.53{\pm}13.99$ to $28.30{\pm}16.63$, p<0.05) and arrhythmia decreased(from $20.35{\pm}15.91$ to $5.67{\pm}6.80$, p<0.05). Conclusions: Results suggest that hospital treatment through electroacupuncture on ST36, acupuncture, and herbal medicine is useful to improve gastric myoelectrical activity in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.772-779
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• 2009

Object : In the present study, we investigated the obesity and blood parameters between Qi-deficiency and Fire/Heat pattern identification/syndrome differentiation (PI/SD) in acute stroke patients. Materials and Methods : A total of 391 stroke patients within 7 days after onset were consecutively recruited from 12 hospitals across South Korea from Nov. 1st, 2006 to Jun. 31st, 2009. They were diagnosed as Fire/Heat or Qi-deficiency among five PI/SD subtypes by two independent stroke experts. We investigated the differences of obesity and blood characteristics between Fire/Heat and Qi-deficiency by statistical analyses. Results : In male subjects, obesity was significantly associated with Fire/Heat PI/SD. The averaged mean BMI ($24.13kg/m^2$) and waist circumference(89.34cm) of the Fire/Heat group were higher than those of the Qi-deficiency group ($22.60kg/m^2$ and 83.43 cm, respectively). The number of obese patients was larger in the Fire/Heat group than in the Qi-deficiency group (p = 0.001). Hyperlipidemia was also related with Fire/Heat. However, obesity was not associated with PI/SD in female subjects where the number of hyperlipidemic patients was higher in the Qi-deficiency group. Among blood parameters, the levels of triglycerides and fasting blood sugar were higher in the Fire/Heat group compared with the Qi-deficiency group in male subjects. However, total cholesterol of the Qi-deficiency group was higher than in the Fire/Heat group among female subjects. Conclusion : This study shows that obesity and hyperlipidemia are significantly difference between Qi-deficiency and Fire/Heat. We suggests that PI/SD may be associated with clinical characteristics and large population study between PI/SD and clinical characteristics including blood parameters are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.761-771
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and erythrocyte deform ability in acute stroke patients. Methods : Among 88 of the recruited patients, 52 were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. We assessed their general characteristics, risk factors. We compared the assessed variables between metabolic syndrome and control group. We analyzed the relationship between metabolic syndrome and erythrocyte deform ability. We analyzed relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and erythrocyte deformability. Results : The general characteristics waist and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio were higher in metabolic syndrome group. The metabolic syndrome group was also diagnosed with hypertension, DM, and hyperlipidemia more often than the control group. The blood test metabolic syndrome group showed higher triglycerides, total lipids, fasting blood sugar, and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose level and lower HDL-cholesterol than the control group. There were more patients diagnosed with Dampness-Phlegm in the metabolic syndrome group. There were more patients showing lower erythrocyte deform ability in the metabolic syndrome group. The plasma homocysteine level was negatively correlated with erythrocyte deform ability. Conclusion : The results reconfirmed that the risk factors are more in metabolic syndrome group. The results indicated that metabolic syndrome lead to a lower erythrocyte deform ability in small vessel disease stroke patients. The Plasma homocysteine level was negatively correlated with erythrocyte deform ability.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2015

Polycan originating from Aureobasidium pullulans is mostly composed of β-1, 3/1, 6 glucans and possesses an anti-osteoporotic effect. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of the polycan on bone biochemical markers in healthy perimenopausal women. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups-group 1 received 400 mg of polycan and group 2 received placebo-these were administered once daily for 28 days. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in osteocalcin (OSC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Changes in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx), N-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (NTx), and deoxypyridinoline (DPYR) were the secondary outcomes. A safety assessment was performed using adverse event (AE) and laboratory data. After 4 weeks of polycan treatment, OSC, DPYR, and BALP levels changed (P < 0.05) significantly from baseline in both groups. However, no significant differences were observed in any markers between the 2 groups, except for P (P < 0.05). Interestingly, group 2 showed a significant increase in CTx (65.2%, P < 0.05), while CTx in group 1 slightly increased (17.2%). Both groups showed no significant differences in AE. Although 4 weeks of polycan treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on bone metabolism biomarkers, increases in CTx were modestly inhibited by polycan. Further studies in a large population and longer treatment periods are needed to confirm the effect of polycan on bone turnover.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to observe clinically the effects of red onion prescription on type 2 diabetes. The subject of this study were middle-aged people. We measured clinically physiological index, body composition, radial arterial pulse wave before taking medicine and after taking medicine for 4 month (the prescription of red onion). The study results were as follows. In physiological Index, diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)(p<0.001), Fasting blood glucose(mg/dL)(p=0.001), and HbA1c(%)(p<0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine. In body Composition, waist-hip ratio(p=0.031), body fat percentage(p=0.006), fat mass(kg)(p=0.005), and muscle mass(kg)(p=0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine. Blood Circulation Index, ECO(L/min)(p=0.038) and ECI($L/min/m^2$)(p=0.007) were increased significantly after taking medicine, ECR($dyne^*sec^*cm^{-5}$)(p=0.002), and ECRI($dyne^*sec/cm$)(p=0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine for 4 month. The prescription of red onion was showed significant change in physiological index, character of body composition, blood circulation index. Based on this result, it is considered that red onion prescription has the positive effects on type 2 diabetes and blood circulation clinically. In the future, diversified studies on the effects of red onion prescription are needed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soymilk and exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in underweight college women of 19-22 years of age, who had lower bone mass. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured for 52 underweight college women. Among them, 33 subjects, whose t-score value was below -1, were selected. Questionnaire survey, anthropometrical measurements, dietary recall, analysis of BMD, fasting serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were conducted before and after the 10 week study. The 33 subjects were divided into 2 groups： soymilk group (n=19), and soymilk ＋ exercise group (n=14). The soymilk group was given 400$m\ell$ soymilk containing 60mg of isoflavones on a daily basis and the soymilk ＋ exercise group exercised three times a week with a daily intake of 400$m\ell$ soymilk for 10 weeks. The average ages of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group were 21.1 years and 20.4 years, respectively and, there were no significant differences between the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group in the areas of height, weight or Body Mass Index (BMI). At the baseline, the mean daily energy intake of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group was 1,597.9kcal (79.43％ of RDA) and 1,704.2kcal (85.2％ of RDA), respectively. The mean calcium intake of the soymilk group (408.3mg) was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group (389.4mg). Despite the 400$m\ell$ soymilk supplementation, there were no significant changes of nutrient intake in either group after treatment. However, there were significant increases in BMD's of lumbar spine and femoral neck in both groups. There were some increases in the serum osteocalcin level and decreases in the urinary deoxypyridinoline level as well. BMD change of the soymilk group was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group. In conclusion, supplementary intake of soymilk (containing 60mg of isoflavones) resulted in a significant increase in the BMD's of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in underweight college women with low bone mass. However, exercise did not result in any significant changes in the BMD's, implying the necessity for more intensive and specific long-term physical training for any substantial changes. Further investigation is necessary to determine the exercise that most strongly affects BMD.