• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.249-263
• /
• 2023

대표적인 추천 시스템 방법론인 협업 필터링(Collaborative Filtering)에는 이웃기반 방법(Neighbor Methods)과 잠재 요인 모델(Latent Factor model)이라는 두 가지 접근법이 있다. 이중 행렬 분해(Matrix Factorization)를 이용하는 잠재 요인 모델은 사용자-아이템 상호작용 행렬을 두 개의 보다 낮은 차원의 직사각형 행렬로 분해하고 이들의 행렬 곱으로 아이템의 평점(Rating)을 예측한다. 평점 패턴으로부터 추출된 요인 벡터들을 통해 사용자와 아이템 속성을 포착할 수 있기 때문에 확장성, 정확도, 유연성 측면에서 이웃기반 방법보다 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 평점이 지정되지 않은 아이템에 대해서는 선호도가 다른 개개인의 다양성을 반영하지 못하는 근본적인 한계가 있고 이는 반복적이고 부정확한 추천을 초래하게 된다. 이러한 잠재요인 모델의 한계를 개선하고자 각각의 아이템 별로 사용자의 선호도를 적응적으로 학습하는 적응 심층 잠재요인 모형(Adaptive Deep Latent Factor Model; ADLFM)이 등장하였다. ADLFM은 아이템의 특징을 설명하는 텍스트인 아이템 설명(Item Description)을 입력으로 받아 사용자와 아이템의 잠재 벡터를 구하고 어텐션 스코어(Attention Score)를 활용하여 개인의 다양성을 반영할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 하지만 아이템 설명을 포함하는 데이터 셋을 요구하기 때문에 이 방법을 적용할 수 있는 대상이 많지 않은 즉 일반화에 있어 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 아이템 설명 대신 추천시스템에서 보편적으로 사용하는 아이템 ID를 입력으로 하고 Self-Attention, Multi-head attention, Multi-Conv1d 등 보다 개선된 딥러닝 모델 구조를 적용함으로써 ADLFM의 한계를 개선할 수 있는 일반화된 적응 심층 잠재요인 추천모형 G-ADLFRM을 제안한다. 다양한 도메인의 데이터셋을 가지고 입력과 모델 구조 변경에 대한 실험을 진행한 결과, 입력만 변경했을 경우 동반되는 정보손실로 인해 ADLFM 대비 MAE(Mean Absolute Error)가 소폭 높아지며 추천성능이 하락했지만, 처리할 정보량이 적어지면서 epoch 당 평균 학습속도는 대폭 향상되었다. 입력 뿐만 아니라 모델 구조까지 바꿨을 경우에는 가장 성능이 우수한 Multi-Conv1d 구조가 ADLFM과 유사한 성능을 나타내며 입력변경으로 인한 정보손실을 충분히 상쇄시킬 수 있음을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 논문에서 제시한 모형은 기존 ADLFM의 성능은 최대한 유지하면서 빠른 학습과 추론이 가능하고(경량화) 다양한 도메인에 적용할 수 있는(일반화) 새로운 모형임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2009

CMOS 카메라는 저가격, 저전력, 소형화의 장점을 이용해 휴대폰카메라, 자동차 산업, 의학 및 센서 네트워크, 로봇제어, 보안 분야의 연구에서 이용되고 있다. 특히 다중카메라(Multi-Camera)기반의 $360^{\circ}$ 전방향 카메라(Omni-directional Camera)의 소프트웨어, 통신간섭 및 지연과 복잡한 영상제어 문제가 있으며, 하드웨어 분야에서는 다중카메라의 효율적인 관리 및 소형화의 문제를 지닌다. 기존 시스템은 다수 카메라를 제어하고 카메라 영상을 송수신하기 위해 카메라별 고성능 MCU로 구성된 임베디드 시스템(embedded system)과 별도의 제어 시스템(control system) 같이 다계층 시스템(Multi-layer system)으로 구성된다. 하지만 본 시스템은 단일구조로 저성능 MCU 기반에 고속 동기화기법으로 카메라 제어 및 영상 수집이 가능하도록 SLAVS(Small size/Low power Around View System)을 제안하였다. 화각 $110^{\circ}$ CMOS 카메라 여러 대를 이용하여 $360^{\circ}$전방향을 촬영하는 저성능 MCU로 카메라의 제어 및 영상 수집이 가능한 전방향 카메라 초기모형이다. 결과적으로 저전력 CMOS 카메라 4대를 하나의 MCU에 연결하여 개별 카메라에 대한 동기 유지, 제어 및 송수신을 구현하고 이를 기존의 시스템과 비교하였다. MCU를 통한 개별 인터럽트 처리로 카메라별 동기를 제어, 기억하여 Target과 CMOS 카메라와 MCU간의 재동기를 최소화하여 데이터 전송의 효율성을 높였다. 또한, 사용자 선택에 따라 4개의 영역으로 구분된 영상을 각기 또는 하나로 Target에 제공할 수 있도록 하였다. 마지막으로 개발된 카메라 시스템의 동기 및 데이터 전송 시간, 이미지 데이터 유실 등의 성능 비교, 분석을 하였다.

• 공연문화연구
• /
• 제22호
• /
• pp.253-285
• /
• 2011

90년대 중반 이후 빠른 속도로 증가하였던 축제는, 비록 적절한 속도의 조정을 받기는 하겠지만, 앞으로도 계속 그 수가 늘어날 것으로 보인다. 특히 직접적인 체험과 참여 속에서 자신들의 문화예술적 욕구를 실현하고자 하는 사람들의 수가 많아지면서 축제에 대한 수요의 정도와 구체성은 더욱 높아질 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 축제문화는 아직도 직접적인 참여보다는 관객의 입장에서 수동적으로 즐기는 경향이 강하고 이러한 경향은 축제문화가 삶 속에 뿌리 내리기 전까지는 당분간 지속되리라고 볼 때, 늘어나는 축제의 상당부분은 축제 참여자가 여전히 관객으로 남아 있는 공연예술축제가 되리라는 점에 대해서 의심의 여지가 없다. 따라서 현재 일반시민들의 참여적 문화예술적 욕구를 공연예술축제로 충족시키기 위한 다양한 방법이 모색되고 있는 것도 사실이다. 이로 인해 공연예술축제의 예술성과 축제성이 각각의 특성을 어떻게 잘 표현해 내는가는 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 공연예술축제에서는 축제적 특성과 예술적 특성 간에 상호 충돌과 갈등이 일어날 수밖에 없어서 이 두 요소에 대한 면밀한 분석의 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 특히 최근 공연예술축제는, 여타 종류의 축제들과 비교해 보았을 때, 상대적으로 많은 예산을 필요로 하기 때문에 자생력의 문제로부터 자유롭기가 어렵다는 점, 단기간에 빠른 속도로 공연예술축제가 증가하면서 프로그램이나 재원의 구성에서 차별성이나 독립성을 충분히 확보할 수 있는 여유를 갖지 못하고 있다는 점 등의 문제점들이 지적되고 있다. 이러한 문제들로 인해 공연예술축제가 예술성과 축제성보다는 상업적 대중성에 영합할 수밖에 없는 상황이 자주 발생하여 축제가 지녀야 할 가장 기본적인 요소인 자율성에 침해를 당하는 경우도 발생한다. 따라서 공연예술축제가 현대사회에서 가지는 중요성이 점차 커져가고 있는 것이 사실이라면, 공연예술축제가 가진 기본적인 속성에 대한 보다 면밀한 분석은 반드시 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 아비뇽페스티벌의 사례를 중심으로 공연예술축제에서 예술성과 축제성의 특성이 발현되는 양상을 살펴보면서, 우리나라의 공연예술축제의 미래 발전방향을 예측하는데 참조 가능한 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 이러한 연구는 공연예술축제의 본질적 성격과 의미 그리고 미래의 방향성을 이해할 수 있는 기회를 제공하여 향후 보다 구체화된 문제 중심적 축제연구의 진전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.82-108
• /
• 2024

고고 자료의 기록방식이 아날로그 기록에서 디지털로 전환되면서 3D 스캐닝 기술의 도입은 본격화되었다. 현재 3D스캔과 사진측량을 이용한 고고 자료의 디지털 기록에 대한 연구와 도입은 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 비용, 인력 문제 등으로 인해 대부분의 매장문화재 기관에서는 적극적인 디지털 기술의 도입을 주저하고 있다. 본고는 3D 스캔 방식 중 효율성이 가장 높다고 평가되는 사진측량 기술을 이용하여 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 활용한 유물의 디지털 실측 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 유물의 디지털 실측 절차는 크게 3D 모델 획득, 3D 모델 편집 및 입단면도 제작, 전자도면 작성의 세 단계로 이루어진다. 디지털 기술 적용의 접근성을 살펴보기 위해 전 과정은 오픈소스 소프트웨어만을 이용하였다. 연구 결과 정량적 평가에서 실제 유물과 3D 모델의 수치 데이터 간 계측의 편차가 크지 않았다. 또한, 오픈소스 소프트웨어와 상용 소프트웨어 간 정량적 품질 비교분석 결과 유사도가 높았다. 다만 데이터 처리시간은 상용 소프트웨어의 성능이 우위에 있었다. 이는 지속적인 알고리즘 개선으로 인한 연산속도 향상의 결과로 판단된다. 정성적 평가에서는 메시 및 텍스처 품질의 차이가 일부 발생하였다. 오픈소스 소프트웨어로 생성된 3D 모델은 메시표면에 노이즈가 다수 발생하거나 메시의 표면이 부드럽지 않고 유물의 제작흔, 문양의 표현을 확인하기 어려웠다. 하지만 일부 프로그램에서 정량적·정성적 평가에서 상용 소프트웨어에 견줄 만한 품질을 획득할 수 있었다. 3D 모델 편집을 위한 오픈소스 소프트웨어에서는 사진실측 결과물의 후처리, 정합, 병합뿐만 아니라 유물 실측에 필요한 스케일 조정, 입단면도 제작 및 이미지 렌더링까지 가능하였다. 이후 오픈소스 캐드 프로그램에서 트레이싱하여 최종 도면을 완성하였다. 고고학 연구에서 사진실측의 적용은 발굴과정부터 보고서 작성 그리고 3D 모델 데이터의 수치정보를 이용한 연구 등 활용 가능성이 매우 높다. 컴퓨터 비전의 획기적인 발전으로 오픈소스 소프트웨어의 종류도 다양해졌고 성능도 상당부분 개선된 것으로 확인되었다. 누구나 쉽게 디지털 기술의 적용이 가능한 현재 고고 자료의 3D 모델 데이터의 획득은 문화유산의 보존과 연구 활성화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2009

HSDPA（高速下行分组接入）是在第三代的W－CDMA技术基础上的3.5代移动通信异步服务. 在韩国, 它主要是通过提供可视电话服务. 由于更强大和多元化的服务扩散, 随着移动通信技术迅速的进步, 消费者需要更多的选择. 然而, 由于各种技术, 不论消费者偏好往往会溢出市场, 消费者感到越来越迷惑. 因此, 我们不应该采取只注重发展假设是下一代新技术项目的战略相反, 我们应该了解消费者接受新的形式和技术的过程, 通过制定战略, 使开发人员能够理解并提供消费者真正想要的, 从而降低进入市场的障碍. 在技术接受模型（TAM）中, 感知到的有用性和使用的简单性被认为是影响人们接受新技术的态度的最重要因素(Davis, 1989; Taylor and Todd, 1995; Venkatesh, 2000; Lee et al., 2004). 感知到的有用性是一个人相信某种特定的技术能提高他或她工作绩效的程度. 感知易用性是主观认为使用某种特定技术不需要太多体力和精力的付出的程度(Davis, 1989; Morris and Dillon, 1997; Venkatesh, 2000). 感知的愉悦性和感知的有用性已经被清楚的证明对接受技术的态度有影响(Davis et al., 1992). 比如, 网上购物的愉悦性已经表现出对消费者对网上商家的态度有积极的影响(Eighmey and McCord, 1998; Mathwick, 2002; Jarvenpaa and Todd, 1997). 消费者的感知风险是一种主观风险. 这种风险和客观可能的风险是有显著区别的. 感知风险包括心理上的风险, 这是当消费者为某一特定物品而选择品牌, 商店和购买方式时所感知到的. 企业革新产品的能力取决于有效的获得有关新产品的知识(Bierly and Chakrabarti, 1996; Rothwell and Dodgson, 1991). 知识获取是公司感知外界新事物和技术的价值的能力(Cohen and Levinthal, 1990); 是公司评估外界最新的技术的能力(Arora and Gambaradella, 1994); 是公司正确预测这项科技对未来革新的能力(Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). 消费者创新是一种在社会体系中比其他人更早接受创新的程度(Lee, Ahn, and Ha, 2001; Gatignon and Robertson, 1985). 也就是说, 它显示了消费者如何快速、方便地接受新的思路. 创新被认为是重要的, 因为它对消费者是否接受新产品和他们多快接受新产品有显著的影响(Midgley and Dowling, 1978; Foxall, 1988; Hirschman, 1980). 我们用技术接受模型来进行跨国家的研究比较, 此模型实证验证了影响态度的因素-感知有用性, 易用性, 感知愉悦, 感知风险, 创新和感知的知识管理水平-和对ＨＳＤＰＡ服务的态度之间的关系. 我们为HSDPA服务提供商开发更有效的管理方法还验证了态度和使用意图之间的关系. 在本研究中, 我们在韩国350名学生中分发了346份问卷调查. 由于其中26份收回的问卷时不完整的或者有缺失数据, 所以在假设检验时320份问卷被使用. 在英国, 200份问卷收回了192份, 舍弃了两份不完整的之后, 总共有190份问卷用于统计分析中. 整体模型的分析结果如下: 韩国, x2=333.27(p=0.0), NFI=0.88, NNFI=0.88, CFI=0.91, IFI=0.91, RMR=0.054, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.84; 英国, x2=176.57(p=0.0), NFI=0.88, NNFI=0.90, CFI=0.93, IFI=0.93, RMR=0.062, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.84. 在韩国消费者中, 从有关影响HSDPA服务的使用意图和态度之间的关系的假设检验的结果中, 感知的有用性, 易用性, 乐趣, 知识管理的高水平和促进创新对HSDPA移动手机的态度有积极的影响. 然后, 易用性和感知的乐趣对HSDPA服务的使用意图没有直接的影响. 这可能是因为在日常生活中使用视频电话还不是必需的这一现实. 而且消费者对ＨＳＤＰＡ视频电话的态度和使用意图有直接的关系, 这些态度包括感知的有用性, 易用性, 乐趣, 知识管理的高水平和创新. 这些关系构成了购买意图的基础, 并造成消费者决定谨慎购买的情况. 对欧洲消费者的假设检验结果揭示了感知的有用性, 乐趣, 风险和知识管理水平是影响态度形成的因素, 而易用性和创新则对态度没有影响. 特别是效果价值和感知有用性, 在快乐和知识管理之后对态度有最大的影响. 相反, 认为感知风险对态度影响较小. 在亚洲模型中易用性和感知的乐趣没有发现对使用意图有直接影响. 然而, 因为态度广泛的影响使用意图, 感知有用性, 乐趣, 风险和知识管理可被视为从使用意图中的态度发展的关键因素. 总之, 感知的有用性, 愉悦和知识管理水平在亚洲和欧洲消费者中对态度形成都有影响, 这些梯度形成了消费者的使用意图. 而且, 易用性和感知的乐趣对使用意图的假设被拒绝. 然而, 易用性, 感知风险和创新有不同的结果. 在亚洲消费者中, 感知风险对态度形成没有影响, 而在欧洲消费者中, 易用性和创新对态度都没有影响.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.330-341
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 NAFLD 유무에 따른 식습관, 식품 및 영양소 섭취량, 식사의 질을 분석하여 영양상담을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고 질병예방에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 남성은 40~50대 비율이 높았고, 여성은 50~60대 비율이 높았다. NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 키, 체중, BMI, 허리둘레, 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압이 유의적으로 높았다. 2) 식습관은 남녀 연구 대상 전체를 분석한 결과, 식사속도가 '빠르다'는 응답이 NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 과식빈도, 외식빈도가 NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 잦았다. 아침식사를 거르는 빈도가 NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 또한, 카페인 섭취가 '하루 3잔이상'인 경우가 NAFLD군이 유의적으로 높았다. 3) 식품군별 섭취량은 남성의 경우, NAFLD군에서 곡류, 고기류, 생선류, 단당류, 단음식 (빵 과자), 커피 및 차류, 유지류의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았고, 이에 반해 전분류와 채소류, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취량은 유의적으로 적었다. 여성의 경우, NAFLD군에서 곡류, 생선류, 콩류, 김치류의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았고, 알류, 해조류, 우유 및 유제품류, 단음식 (빵 과자), 커피 및 차류의 섭취량이 유의적으로 적었다. 연구 대상 전체 NAFLD군에서는 정상군에 비해 곡류, 고기류, 생선류, 해조류, 김치류, 단당류, 커피 및 차류, 유지류의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았고, 반면 전분류, 과일류, 우유 및 유제품류의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았다. 4) 총 에너지 섭취량은 남성, 여성, 연구 대상 전체에서 NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 영양소섭취량은 남성의 경우 NAFLD군은 정상군에 비해 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방, 티아민, 비타민 E, 니아신, 인, 나트륨, 아연, 콜레스테롤 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 여성의 경우 NAFLD군은 정상군에 비해 탄수화물, 단백질, 비타민 $B_6$, 니아신, 인, 철분, 나트륨, 칼륨, 아연, 식이섬유소 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 5) 1,000 kcal당 영양소 섭취량 분석 결과, 남성의 경우 NAFLD군은 정상군에 비해 지방의 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았고, 탄수화물, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 엽산, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 칼륨, 식이섬유소의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았다. 여성의 경우 NAFLD군은 정상군에 비해 탄수화물의 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았고, 지방, 리보플라빈, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았다. 6) 식사의 질 평가에서는 다섯 가지 주요식품군이 모두 포함된 식사 (KDDS = 5)를 하는 경우가 여성, 연구 전체 대상에서 정상군이 NAFLD군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 리보플라빈, 칼슘, 식이섬유소의 NAR은 정상군에 비해 NAFLD군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, NAFLD군에서 빠른 식사속도, 과식, 잦은 외식 등 불량한 식습관을 보였다. 또한, NAFLD군에서 전분류, 우유 및 유제품, 과일류의 섭취가 유의적으로 낮았고 총 에너지 섭취량은 NAFLD군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 과다한 에너지 섭취, 불균형적인 영양소 섭취, 불규칙적인 식습관 등은 NAFLD에 좋지 않은 영향을 주므로, 영양상담을 통해 식습관을 올바르게 개선하고, 골고루 균형있게 적당한 양을 섭취하는 것이 중요할 것이다. 또한 앞으로 국내 NAFLD 환자를 대상으로 한 식이섭취요인에 관한 연구가 보다 체계적이고 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 최근에는 비만하지 않은 여성에서도 NAFLD가 보고되고 있다. 앞으로 국내 비만하지 않은 NAFLD 여성과 비만한 NAFLD 여성의 식습관 및 영양 섭취 상태에 대한 연구도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.59-87
• /
• 2014

결제서비스에 대한 기존의 연구는 결제서비스의 채택요인 또는 지속적인 사용에 영향을 미치는 요인 등 행동이론을 중심으로 진행되어 왔다. 이러한 요인들이 미치는 영향에 대한 결과는 결제서비스의 종류에 따라 또는 연구 지역에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 결제 서비스의 종류나 문화등의 변수에 관계없이 새로운 결제 서비스가 성공할 수 있는 일반적인 요인이 무엇인지에 대한 의문에서 시작하게 되었다. 기존 연구에서 중요한 영향을 미친다고 제시한 채택요인들은 실제 결제사례의 결과에 비추어 보면 기존 연구에서 주장한 바와 일치하지 않는 경우를 볼 수 있다. 이러한 이론과 현실사이의 괴리를 발견하고 새로운 결제서비스가 성공하기 위한 근본적이고 결정적인 요인이 무엇인지에 대해 제시하고 사례연구를 통해 가설을 입증하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 새로운 결제서비스가 성공하기 위해서는 기존 결제서비스의 비고객에게 이들이 결제할 수 있는 수단을 제공함으로써 새로운 결제 시장을 창출해야 함을 주장한다. 이를 위해 성공한 결제사례인 신용카드, 휴대폰 소액결제, PayPal, Square을 채택하였으며, 기존 결제서비스의 비고객을 3개의 계층으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 그리고 새로운 결제서비스가 어떠한 계층을 타겟으로 하였으며 이들에게 어떠한 결제수단을 제공하여 새로운 시장을 창출하였는지 제시한다. 사례 분석 결과, 성공 사례 모두 본 연구의 가설을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 새로운 결제서비스는 결국 기존의 결제수단으로 거래를 할 수 없었던 이들이 결제를 할 수 있도록 함으로써 성공할 수 있다는 가설을 입증하였다. 모바일 결제서비스가 아직 대중화되지 못한 원인을 본 가설에 비추어 분석해 보면 보면, 기존의 결제 인프라를 이용할 수 있는 바코드, QR코드 기반의 모바일 결제 서비스뿐만 아니라 NFC, BLE, 음파 등의 새로운 기술이 적용된 모바일 결제 서비스가 출시되는 등 새로운 시도가 계속되고 있다. 또한 모바일 월렛은 사용자들이 소지하고 있는 카드정보를 스마트폰에 저장하여 지갑 없이도 결제가 가능하며, 쿠폰 제공, 적립카드 관리, 신분증을 저장하는 등의 다양한 부가적인 기능을 제공하고 있어 성공할 것이라는 전망이 대두되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 서비스들은 본 연구 관점에서 보자면 기존 결제서비스의 비고객이(기존 결제수단을 이용할 수 없었던 사용자) 거래할 수 있는 새로운 결제 수단을 제공해 주지 못하고 있기 때문에 결국 초기사용자에게만 채택될 뿐 대중화되는데 한계가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 반면, 새로운 모바일 결제서비스의 성공사례 중 하나인 PaybyPhone은 기존 코인주차 결제서비스의 비고객인 현금 미소지 고객에게 스마트폰을 이용한 새로운 결제수단을 제공함으로써 새로운 주차 결제 시장을 창출하였으며 현재 미국뿐만 아니라 유럽시장까지 진출하는 등 급성장하고 있다. 결론적으로, 많은 이해관계자들이 모바일 결제시장을 선점하기 위해 다양한 형태의 모바일 결제 서비스를 출시하고 있지만 캐즘을 뛰어넘어 주류 시장에 성공적으로 정착할 수 있느냐는 결국 기존 결제서비스의 비고객군에게 그들이 필요로 하는 새로운 결제수단을 제공하는지의 여부에 달려있다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 모바일 결제 서비스의 기획자나 매니저들은 서비스 기획 시 기존 결제서비스의 비고객군은 누구인가? 그들은 어떠한 결제수단을 원하는가?를 먼저 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 새로운 결제서비스가 성공하는데 미치는 요인에 대한 가설을 검증하기 위해 4개의 성공사례를 선택하였으며 각 사례에 동일한 가설을 검증하는 '반복연구논리'를 적용하였다. 본 가설을 더욱 공고히 하기 위해 사례연구방법론에서 제시하고 있는 경쟁가설을 포함한 후속 사례연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.