• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.767-780
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• 2008

인구감소와 고령화가 진행되고 있는 농산촌 지역의 '내발적 발전'에 의한 지역 활성화를 알아보기 위해서, 지역 활성화를 추진하고 있는 학산면 모리를 사례로 이러한 활동을 내발적 측면에서 검토하고, 이후의 과제를 지적하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 모리마을은 특산물인 포도의 유통 구조 복잡성과 수입 포도의 증가로 농외소득을 증대시키기 위해서 도농교류를 도입하였으며, 이로 인해 농외소득이 증가하고 있다. 도농교류 도입에 의한 운영 위원회가 조직되고 이장을 포함한 지역 리더가 여러 업무를 겸임하면서 마을업무가 일부 리더에게 집중되어 있다. 일부 리더 중심의 업무형태와 주민의 역할이 없는 마을 활성화사업은 지속성의 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 모리마을의 주민과 리더간의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 마을지도자, 참가 주민, 미참가 주민, 민박 등에 대한 세부적인 교육을 통해 최대한 많은 주민에게 적합한 역할분담이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2002

To evaluate composting process of piggery slurry, we made $1m^3$ bench scale composting reactor, and investigated the input and output of mass, moisture evaporation, volatile solid degradation, and running cost. For 15 days experimentation the results was as followed, The quantity of sawdust used was 0.47ton(18,000won) per 1ton slurry. The amount of moisture evaporated was 16.8kg/kg VS degradated. Total evaporation and VS degradation were 24.8%, 5.7% respectably. To analysis the running cost of that, we included only two factors, sawdust cost and compost income. The compost price to sell was 63won/kg(50% of market price) it made 8,694won income to 756 won loss, but 25won/kg, it was $13,650{\sim}23,100won$ loss per 1 ton slurry in the current pig farmer's condition. This cost was $8.5{\sim}14.4%$ of pig production cost and damage strongly to pig farmers to treat it.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

At the interface of reducing agricultural income and increasing unemployment in agrarian economy of rural India, this article summarizes and evaluates the state of mulberry sericulture in northwest India, which includes Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. In $11^{th}$ plan period (2007-2012), there was an addition of 6 196 ha (217.09 %) of mulberry acreage at annual linier growth rate of 33.44%. However, total silk production could increase only by 54.64 MT (78.57%) at annual linier growth rate of 15.59 %, due to 43.93% (10.82 kg/ha) reduction in silk productivity at negative growth rate of -13.46%, annually. And now, average raw silk productivity in north-western states of India remains at 13.81 kg/ha, which is lower by 452.93 % (76.36 kg) in comparison to the national average of 100.90 kg/ha. Paper summaries the reasons for increasing cocoon yield gap at farmer's level and discuss the ways and means to increase raw silk productivity to improve the livelihood delivery of mulberry sericulture in northwest India.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2013

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.203-218
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• 1985

In Korea, the developmental gap is deep between rural and urban areas in spacial aspect and, or between agricultural and industrial side. So there are much room for improvement in agri. development in national standpoint as well as in individual farmer's level. In this respect, agricultural financing is requisitive to speed up the pace of agricultural development and in result, to contribute to improvement of farm income. By the way, farmers' credit demands are always in excess-demand status and they rely on private money-lenders in the burden of high interest rate. In agricultural financing market, there are two kinds of credit ; institutional credit and non-institutional credit market, that is private money-lending. In institutional credit, there are mutual credit system operating by the primary coops and policy credit system by NACF financed by Government in part. Here, in this paper, I venture to study on the improvements of the policy credit system to increase and activate the supply function of agri. policy credit into farmers to enhance their socio-economic status.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-71
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• 2001

The duck-rice forming system is increasingly spread up throughout Korea since 1992. It is discussed the rice field, rice quality, weed and pest management in the duck-rice weeding system compared to conventional farming system. Moreover the optimizing duck population, system management and fertilizer application rate were reported. Energy input and output by duck-rice farming system were carefully compared with those of low input sustainable paddy field and conventional farming paddy field. To find out the environmentally sound function of duck-rice system, the total nitrogen in paddy soil and paddy water, and nitrogen cycle in paddy rice cultivation system were analysed. finally the input and output were calculated, and ecological characteristic were determined in terms of nitrogen balance, labor input, animal input, renewable energy input, turnover of soil organic matter, energy loss, non-renewable indirect and direct energy input. It was concluded duck-rice weeding system could be recommended in terms of net only environmentally sound, but also farmer's income. But there are still some research needs for successful adaption of duck-rice farming to investigate to determine the optimal population of duck in rice paddy field unit, release time of duckling, duck management after release, and strategy for duck marketing and duck processing.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.10-16
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• 2003

Natural resource plants have been useful and helpful materials for human to against diseases and Prevention since ancient Egyptian and Roman times. However, according to recent survey, its habitat and indigenous are continuously decreased and almost extinct some valuable species, as Adonis vernalis, Digitalis lanata etc., especially in Eastern Europe and east Asian countries due to radical political and social reforms. ESCOP and FAO have already initiated to protect the endangered species for conservation, protection and propagation technology but it is not easy tasks without global concerning. Most natural resource plants have volatile components in essential oils and its consumption and demanding is increased every year, which contained certain compounds have no side effects and good properties for biological activities. Essential oils of natural resource plants are also well known for medical purposes, such as Central Nervous System (CNS, linalool), anticancer (d-limonene, perillyl alcohol, etc.), microbial and fungicidal activities (menthol, borneol, etc). Essential oil also used for natural therapy to prevent and increase immune systems instead of chemical synthesis drugs. With this, researchers of natural resource plants are ultimately faced to develop and optimal technology for increasing the Korean farmer's income by high added-value herbal products in present and future.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.221-236
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• 1993

Economic conditions of Korean agriculture have been aggravated since farmers experienced the shortage of labor, instability of farm product price, lack of capital and pressure of opening domestic market. Nevertheless, agriculture must be maintained because structure of national economy can not be progressed without balanced growth of food industry. So the problem that we must solve is to keep agriculture competitive. In that case technology is important in terms of improving productivity, overcoming labor shortage and stabilizing price. This paper is to study the technology adoption on the farm level, focusing on the theories of technology adoption, their empirical test and effect of technology adoption on the farm household income. In this study five theories-independent model, linear model, middle class conservation model, modified middle class conservation model, basic needs and wealfare model- were introduced concerning differentiated technology adoption rate by farmers' class. Based on the survey of controlled strawberry farming in Nonsan County, Chungnam Province, who adopted six kinds of technology, modified middle class conservation model was found to explain five kinds of technology adoption pattern and linear model was useful to explain one kind of technology, that is, irrigation method, These results may mean that controlled strawbary cultivators of middle class were reluctant to accept new technology. There are many variables to effect on the technology accepting rate, that is, farmer's age, labor capacity, education level, cultivation career, size of total cultivated land, and size of strawberry farming land. LOGIT model was used to find which variable influence the technology adoption rate. Results of estimation showed that variables of cultivation career and total land size, of which coefficients were statistically significant at the 5 percent level, might be main influential factors in accepting more than three farming techniques. There was a significant income difference between farm households accepting new methods and those rejecting them. Especially in case of low class of farming group, income of farmers who was adopting new technology was examined to be much higher than that of farmers who did not adopt. This result suggests that new technology play an important role in increasing farm household income. Finally this study emphasized that there is a need to develop proper measure of technology transfer considering various socioeconomic conditions of farm households.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.454-465
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the recognition level of food contamination with residual pesticides and hazardous heavy metals from 365 male and female adults in Taejon area using questionnaires. Among the recognizing level of residual pesticides in overall foods, 69.1% were 'serious', 25.6% were 'average' and 5.3% were 'not serious'. Over 94.7% of the subjects recognized residual pesticides pollution infoods. for hazardous heavy metals in food, 47.8% responsed as 'serious', 40.5% as 'average' and 11.8 as ' not serious' . Over 88.3% of the subjects recognized contaminated pesticides seriously in fruits, 72.1% in vegetables and 51.7% in cereals, whereas 55.7% of the subjects recognized hazardous heavy metal contamination seriously in fruits, 53.4% in vegetables, 40.8% in fishes and shellfishes and 35.0% in seaweeds. The subjects recognized residual pesticides contamination more seriously in overall foods, cereal, potatoes and starches, bean, vegetables and fruits, whereas hazardous heavy metal contamination was recognized more seriously in fishes and shellfishes, and seaweeds food groups. Comparisons were shown based on individuial's occupation. Farmer, forester, iner and fisher showed the lowest recognizing level of food contamination in most food groups. The mean score of the dietary effect by mass media's information on food contamination from residual pesticides and hazardous heavy metals were 3.51±0.96 out of 5 points. By Duncan's multiple range test, sex, age, marriage, food cost per month, concerns about health and nutrition knowledge showed significant differences in the mean effect score at p<0.05. According to a pesticides contamination in several food groups were affected by food cost per month, mass media's information on food contamination, health status, and concerns about health, But a recognition level of hazardous heavy metals in food were affected by income and, food cost per month mass media's information on food contamination, health status, concern about health and nutrition knowledge. People who need to take extreme precautions of food contamination were in order of producers, government officials, homemakers, the consumer's association and consumers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.867-878
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of understanding about school foodservice management and environmentally friendly agricultural products between urban and rural elementary school children's mothers. The subjects were 280 elementary school children's mothers who lived in Gunsan city and the nearby countryside. The results are summarized as follows. The mothers in urban schools were higher on the degree of participation (p < 0.01) and interest (p < 0.01), but were lower on the degree of satisfaction (p < 0.001) for school foodservice than rural ones. The best improvement of school foodservice management was improving food tastes and qualities of the foodstuffs in urban schools and sanitation at the service area in the rural schools (p < 0.001). The school foodservice program contributed to cure the unbalanced diets and developing of bodies and minds; there was no difference of urban and rural schools. But eating habits in rural schools were more improved than urban schools (p < 0.001). The primary reason for using environmentally friendly agricultural products was to improve their health and in securing safe foods, there was no difference of urban and rural schools, but generating the farmer's income from the products in rural schools was higher than urban schools (p < 0.001). There are conflicting views between urban and rural schools for the additional costs brought by using the environmentally friendly agricultural products (p < 0.001). The order of preference on using environmentally friendly agricultural products was rice and various grains, vegetables, fruits, livestock, seasoning, etc. In conclusion, our central and local governments should change their roles in financially positive ways and reflect the issues in making the policy effective. Responsible administrators of school food suppliers run the system more faithfully with the above government support.