• Title/Summary/Keyword: Farm manure

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The Possible Utilization of Animal Excrements (가축분뇨 자원화를 위한 이용실태 분석)

  • 유덕기
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.1-28
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    • 2002
  • Regarding the dangers to soil, water and air, which come from current agricultural application measures for nitrogen, a sectoral approach for a non-polluting liquid manure utilization cannot be used any longer. Slurry was not any longer considered as a tiresome waste produced of animal husbandry, but as a valuable fertilizer. The goal of the largest possible utilization of slurry on the farm was and still is in the foreground, An Integrated system approach has to be found. leading to a drastic improvement of nutrient utilization and hence to a considerably reduced nutrient use. This can only be expected, if the organic manure can be applicated at times, when losses through leaching and volatilization can be minimized. The necessary investments for such concepts can clearly be reduced through cooperation.

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A Review of the Odor Control From Inside of Swine Production Facilities (양돈시설 내부의 악취조졸에 관한 기술 및 연구동향)

  • 김두환;김인배
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.203-216
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    • 1999
  • Recent public concern about air pollution caused by swine production facilities has forced to develop the methods to reduce and control the swine odors. Swine odors were affected the life of pig farm neighborhoods, swine productivity, pig health, diseases, and human right, safety, sanity as negatively. The first approaches of control of swine odors are the change or improve of the classical management systems, which are manure treatment method, manure storage facility, phase feeding, sex-divided feeding, feeder type, liquid-slurry feeding, environment control of swine building and dust control of indoor swine facility. The methods to control odor emission from manure have to include the diet modification as nutritional basis. In recent, research emphasis has focused on manipulating the swine diet to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products and reduction of odors. There are lots of feed additives and pit additives introduced as practical basis for reducing odor emissions. The ozone treatment method is candidate as the good system for reducing swine odor. But this system is still too expensive to practice in present.

Rational budgeting approach as a nutrient management tool for mixed crop-swine farms in Korea

  • Reza, Arif;Shim, Soomin;Kim, Seungsoo;Ahn, Sungil;Won, Seunggun;Ra, Changsix
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.1520-1532
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    • 2020
  • Objective: Due to rapid economic return, mixed crop-swine farming systems in Korea have become more intensive. Intensive farming practices often cause nutrient surpluses and lead to environmental pollution. Nutrient budgets can be used to evaluate the environmental impact and as a regulatory policy instrument for nutrient management. This study was conducted to select a nutrient budgeting approach applicable to the mixed crop-swine farms in Korea and suggest an effective manure treatment method to reduce on-farm nutrient production. Methods: In this study, we compared current and ideal gross nutrient balance (GNB) approaches of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and soil system budget (SSB) approach with reference to on-farm manure treatment processes. Data obtained from farm census and published literature were used to develop the farm nutrient budgets. Results: The average nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses were approximately 11 times and over 7 times respectively higher in the GNB approaches than the SSB. After solid-liquid separation of manure, during liquid composting a change in aeration method from intermittent to continuous reduced the N and P loading about 50% and 47%, respectively. Although changing in solid composting method from turning only to turning+aeration improved the N removal efficiency by 30.5%, not much improvement in P removal efficiency was observed. Conclusion: Although the GNB approaches depict the impact of nutrients produced in the mixed crop-swine farms on the overall agricultural environment, the SSB approach shows the partitioning among different nutrient loss pathways and storage of nutrients within the soil system; thus, can help design sustainable nutrient management plans for the mixed cropswine farms. The study also suggests that continuous aeration for liquid composting and turning+aeration for solid composting can reduce nutrient loading to the soil.

A study on the Development of a Drying and Fermentation Process of Domestic Animal Manure;II. Demonstration of a Pig Manure Treatment System on a Farm (가축분(家畜糞) 건조(乾燥) , 발효(醱酵) 복합시설(複合施設) 개발(開發) 연구(硏究);II. 돈분(豚糞) 건조(乾燥), 발효(醱酵), 복합시설(複合施設) 실증시험(實證試驗))

  • Yun, Sun-Gang;Jung, Kwang-Yong;Park, Woo-Kun;Kwon, Sun-Ik;Park, Hong-Jae;Yoo, Sun-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 1994
  • A practical study on a drying and fermentation system equipped with a stirring machine operated mechanically, of pig manure was conducted to prove the efficiency of and practicability to an ordinary pig farm. The type of the drying bed was a round-shaped (r=3m) concrete structure and the stirring machine was adopted to stir and transfer dried pig manure to the fermentation tank. The dried pig manure was put into a fermentation tank ($V=18m^3$), which was aerated from pipe lines installed at the bottom. While water content of pig manure passing through a drying bed was remarkably reduced than before drying, the drying efficiency of this system decreased in winter. However, the temperature of pig manure piled up in the fermentation room in winter reached over $60^{\circ}C$ and excess water of pig manure was removed during the fermentation process. The reduction rate of water content of pig manure, to which dried pig manure was added as bulking material on the drying bed, was 52.1%, but when dried without bulking material it was only 19.7%. Although the content of $P_2O_5$ of dried pig manure was slightly higher than that of fresh pig manure, progressive changes in chemical composition between fresh and dried pig manure made no great difference. Among the contents of minerals of fresh and dried pig manure, CaO was the highest and the rest were in the decreasing order of $K_2O$, MgO, and $Na_2O$. Population density of E. coli and Streptococci of dried pig manure was reduced by 142 and 236 times that of fresh pig manure, respectively. The installation cost of this drying and fermentation system was 4,185,630 won (approximately 5,232 US $) and operating cost per year was 190,000 won (237.5US $) on the basis of self-labor condition.

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Evaluation of Cropping Model of Green Manure Crops with Main Crops for Upland-Specific

  • Chung, Doug Young;Park, Misuk;Cho, Jin-Woong;Lee, Sang-Eun;Han, Kwang-Hyun;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Hyun, Seong-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2013
  • For organic farming, green manure crops such as leguminous forages and barley have been broadly used to improve soil fertility and soil physical and chemical properties by repeatedly cutting and mulching them directly as winter crop in the field in the rotation. In this investigation we selected 78 agricultural farm corporations as well as individual organic farmhouses related to crop rotation from greenmanure crops to main crops in order to analyze the relationship of cropping system between main crops and green manure crops. The results showed that the green manure crops were divided into two groups as leguminous and nonleguminous crops, representing that those are limited to specific climate and farming systems of regions. Also the 10 or less green manure crops including sudangrass, hairyvetch, italian ryegrass, sorghun, buckwheat, oat, pea, rye, clover, and canola which belong to leguminous crops which are presently cultivated from the organic farmhouses within the rotational crop system. We also confirmed that the major main crops are sweet potato, soybean, corn, tobacco, spinach from usage frequency analyzed by NetMiner H 2.6 which was used to estimate the rotational cropping system among the green manure crops and main crops.

Development and Evaluation of a Simulation Model for Dairy Cattle Production Systems Integrated with Forage Crop Production

  • Kikuhara, K.;Kumagai, H.;Hirooka, H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.57-71
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    • 2009
  • Crop-livestock mixed farming systems depend on the efficiency with which nutrients are conserved and recycled. Home-grown forage is used as animal feed and animal excretions are applied to cultivated crop lands as manure. The objective of this study was to develop a mixed farming system model for dairy cattle in Japan. The model consisted of four sub-models: the nutrient requirement model, based on the Japanese Feeding Standards to determine requirements for energy, crude protein, dry matter intake, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin A; the optimum diet formulation model for determining the optimum diets that satisfy nutrient requirements at lowest cost, using linear programming; the herd dynamic model to calculate the numbers of cows in each reproductive cycle; and the whole farm optimization model to evaluate whole farm management from economic and environmental viewpoints and to optimize strategies for the target farm or system. To examine the model' validity, its predictions were compared against best practices for dairy farm management. Sensitivity analyses indicated that higher yielding cows lead to better economic results but higher emvironmental load in dairy cattle systems integrated with forage crop production.

Influence of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) Manure Compost Application in Soil on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) (한우퇴비 시용에 따른 옥수수(Zea mays L.)의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Byeon, Ji-Eun;Lee, Jun Kyung;Park, Min-Soo;Jo, Na Yeon;Kim, Soo-Ryang;Hong, Sung-ha;Lee, Byong-O;Lee, Myung-Gyu;Hwang, Sun-Goo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.67 no.3
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    • pp.164-171
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    • 2022
  • We studied the influence of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) manure compost soil application on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). We compared the soil application of chemical fertilizer (CF), commercial manure (CM), Hanwoo manure (HM), and the mixed Hanwoo manure and chemical fertilizer (HM + CF). CF application showed faster tasseling and silking dates compared to the other treatments. During the early plant growth stage of maize, CF application resulted in taller plant height, However, during later growth stages (55 days after transplanting). HM (226.0 cm) and HM + CF (230.0 cm) treatment resulted in taller plant height compared to CF (216.2 cm). Post-harvest measurement results showed that, the ear length was longer in HM (22.13 cm) and HM + CF (22.70 cm) compared to others, while ear diameter, ear weight, and 100-grains weight showed no significant difference among CF, HM, and HM + CF groups. The use of HM resulted in delayed growth during the early stages of plant development compared to CF. However, crop productivity markers of ear weight and ear diameter showed no significant difference compared to CF. Thus, HM treatment was comparable to CF treatment in maize cultivation.

Assessment of the Contribution of Poultry and Pig Production to Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Korea Over the Last 10 Years (2005 through 2014)

  • Boontiam, Waewaree;Shin, Yongjin;Choi, Hong Lim;Kumari, Priyanka
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.29 no.12
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    • pp.1805-1811
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    • 2016
  • The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 through 2014). The calculations of GHG emissions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Over the study period, the $CH_4$ emission from manure management decreased in layer chickens, nursery to finishing pigs and gestating to lactating sows, but there was a gradual increase in $CH_4$ emission from broiler chickens and male breeding pigs. Both sows and nursery to finishing pigs were associated with greater emissions from enteric fermentation than the boars, especially in 2009. Layer chickens produced lower direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from 2009 to 2014, whereas the average direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from manure management for broiler chickens were 12.48 and $4.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. Annual direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions for broiler chickens tended to decrease in 2014. Average $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy uses for broiler and layer chickens were 46.62 and $136.56Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. For pig sectors, the $N_2O$ emission from direct and indirect sources gradually increased, but they decreased for breeding pigs. Carbon dioxide emission from direct on-farm energy uses reached a maximum of $53.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$ in 2009, but this total gradually declined in 2010 and 2011. For boars, the greatest $CO_2$ emission occurred in 2012 and was $9.44Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$. Indirect $N_2O$ emission was the largest component of GHG emissions in broilers. In layer chickens, the largest contributing factor to GHG emissions was $CO_2$ from direct on-farm energy uses. For pig production, the largest component of GHG emissions was $CH_4$ from manure management, followed by $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy use and $CH_4$ enteric fermentation emission, which accounted for 8.47, 2.85, and $2.82Gg-CO_2/yr$, respectively. The greatest GHG emission intensity occurred in female breeding sows relative to boars. Overall, it is an important issue for the poultry and pig industry of South Korea to reduce GHG emissions with the effective approaches for the sustainability of agricultural practices.

Study on the Management Level of Pathogenic Bacteria in HACCP System Implemented Animal Farms (HACCP 적용 농장의 병원성 세균 관리수준에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Gi-Yun;Lee, Joo-Yeon;Back, Seung-Hee;Hwang, In-Jin;Lee, Kyung-Soon;Kim, Young-Su;Kim, Byoung-Hoon;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Kang, Soo-Cheol;Cho, Jea-Jin;Park, Min-Seo;Suk, Hee-Jin;Nam, In-Sik
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to understand the management level of pathogenic bacteria in HACCP system implemented animal farms. Microbial samples were collected from manure, floor, compost depot, manure on belt, low milk tank, dust in laying house and egg collector in HACCP system implemented Korean beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, and laying Hens farms. O157, O111 and O26 strains of E. coli were not detected in HACCP system implemented Korean beef cattle farm. The detection rate of E. coli from manure and floor in HACCP system implemented cattle farms (Korean beef cattle and dairy farm) was lower than those of non-HACCP system implemented cattle farm. Salmonella spp. was detected in HACCP system implemented cattle farms (Korean beef cattle and dairy farm). Compared with pervious studies, lower detection rate of Salmonella spp. at floor and compost depot in HACCP system implemented swine and commercial layer farms were indicated. In conclusion, implementation of HACCP system in animal farms would enhance the management level of biological hazard compare to normal animal farms.

Environmental Conditions and Resource Management in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Thailand. I. Production Systems and Management of Resources

  • Skunmun, P.;Boonsom, J.;Kaewsuwan, S.;Chantalakhana, C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.215-219
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    • 1999
  • This study aims to make detail examination of smallholder dairy farming systems in the Nongpho Dairy Cooperative. Forty-three dairy farms were selected from three geographical areas i.e. irrigated area, municipality area, and factory area. Within each area some number of sample farms were selected from each of the three levels of farm and animal crowdedness (very crowded, crowded, and not crowded farms). Detail data were collected during 1996 to 1997, they were socio-economic conditions of the sample farms and farmers, dairy production systems and management of resources (animals, bam, feeds, stocking rates, herd structure, animal body conditions, milk yield and milk quality, manure and farm wastes management, and other related items). Detail information useful for the improvement of farm production efficiency were discussed. It was very clear that much improvement of smallholder dairy production can be achieved if the recommendations given by this study were implemented.