• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

Objectives: Adulterated food education in adolescence period is very important because dietary management related to food safety is not made in a short period. This study aimed to identify dietary lifestyle factors which drive adulterated food management among middle and high school students. Methods: Data was collected from 270 middle and high school students in Daegu using a self-administered questionnaire in March and April of 2015. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, ${\chi}^2$-test, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis. Results: The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management awareness was classified into necessity, difficulty, and food purchasing anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into environmental grasp, food identification, cooking hygiene, and situation management. The adulterated food management efficacy composed of management confidence, action intention, and knowledge. Dietary lifestyle comprised of gustation, family, and health factors after factor analysis, and it consisted of all seeking group, gustation seeking group, family seeking group, health seeking group, and family and health seeking group after cluster analysis. The gustation, family and health factors were significantly affected the factors of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management (p < 0.05). The frequency of health conditions, helping with meal preparation, and the times of eating out were significantly different according to seeking groups of dietary lifestyle (p < 0.01). The scores of awareness, capability and efficacy of adulterated food management of family and health seeking group were significantly higher than the other seeking groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that adulterated food management education programs should account for gustation, family and health factors of dietary lifestyle to be effective for adolescents.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

Korea has achieved a rapid economic development and with the increase in population and national income and the expansion of social and economic activities, energy consumption has rapidly increased too. Energy consumption per head has constantly increased and currently, power consumption per head is 7.5 times bigger than in 1985. Buildings occupy 25% of total energy consumption and especially, 50% of total energy is consumed for heating and cooling. In this situation, multi-family housing, which has constantly been increased, has an energy saving rate of 1.9%, which is the lowest level and this makes the government's energy policy for sustainable energy system development useless. Besides, energy consumption leads to secondary problems, such as air, water and marine pollution and heat pollution and wastewater/drainage and the increased use of fossil fuel is a fundamental reason for ozone layer destruction and global warming. Therefore, efficient energy consumption plans are required. This study aims to analyze energy performance in each block type of high-rise and diversified multi-family housing that accounts for 60% of all the housing forms, depending on the variations in stories through BIM-based energy simulation. For this study, four representative block types were selected, based on the multi-family floor plan, which is certified for energy performance evaluation and they were applied to the floor plan of a multi-family house that is scheduled to be built. Then BIM modeling was conducted from the fifth story to the 40th story at an intervals of 5 stories and based on the finding, energy characteristics of each block type and energy performance depending on the variations in stories were analyzed. It is considered that this would serve as objective data for block type and block story decision of energy performance-based multi-family housing.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

본 연구는 저소득 가구의 가족갈등과 가족관계만족도의 변화와 사회경제적 박탈 경험이 이에 미치는 종단적 영향에 대해 살펴봄으로써 사회경제적인 위기 상황에서 저소득 가구 대한 지원방향 설정의 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 한국복지패널의 10차에서 14차에 걸친 5개년 자료를 활용하여 총 803명의 저소득가구의 가구주가 응답한 가족갈등과 가족관계만족도의 종단적 변화를 살펴보았고, 사회경제적 박탈경험이 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 먼저 저소득가구의 가족갈등은 시간의 변화에 따라 미약한 수준으로 감소하였으며, 가족관계만족도의 변화율은 유의하지 않았다. 사회경제적 박탈을 경험한 가족의 경우, 미경험 가구보다 가족갈등의 초기치가 높았고 변화율은 유의하지 않았으며, 가족관계만족도는 미경험 가구보다 유경험 가구의 초기치가 낮았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 저소득 가구가 사회경제적 박탈을 경험하게 되면 심리적 압박을 느끼게 되고 가족의 불안이 높아지면서 가족갈등이 높고 가족관계만족도가 낮다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 지금과 같은 사회경제적 위기 상황에서 저소득 가구에 대하여 경제적 지원과 사회보장적 지원을 확대하고 이와 더불어 가족이 갈등을 스스로 조절하고 원활하게 문제를 해결하도록 돕는 지원이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.768-781
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• 1996

The problem of care of patients and families with Alzheimer's disease has become a conscious raising social policy issue in Korea. The government of the Republic of Korea has become cognizant of the situation and has begun searching for ways to remedy it. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive under-standing of the situation in which patients and their families are struggling and the enormous problems of care. With a realization of the urgent need, this study was done to investigate the situation and the care needs of families with patients with Alzheimer's Disease, and to compare the effectiveness of services utilized by the families in terms of cost and effects on patient's conditions and on family live. The Subjects for the study were 29 families with hospitalized patients, 25 families utilizing hospital outpatient clinics, 14 families utilizing day care facilities, and 16 families with homebound patients. A total of 84 families were interviewed by four trained interviewers using structured and semistructured questionnaires. The data produced from these interviews included : the patient's stage of Alzheimer's disease, patient's bizarre behavior, hours spent on patient care per day, family burden and quality of life, direct and indirect costs encountered in the care of patients, and the families' evaluation of the effectiveness of the services received. The data were analyzed to determine the relationships between family charactersistics, patient's conditions and services utilization. The effectiveness of each of the service entities was assessed through families evaluation and hoped for service and comparisons were made between services in terms of the cost-effectiveness ratios. After initial comparison of cost-effectiveness ratios, further analysis was done to compare between groups for incremental effectiveness for each incremental unit of cost to determine the most cost-effective service entities. The findings of the study are as fellows : 1. The choice of living arrangement and the types of services are a function of the stage of Alzheimer's condition and the economic status of the family. 2. Comparision of the cost of care showed that most expenses were encountered in by families with hospitalization, families using outpatient services, and families using day care services in that order. The least expense was involved in the care of homebound patients. The economic burden felt by families was in the same order as expenses. 3. The average number of hours spent on daily patient care was 9.9 hours for the outpatient clinic users, 9.7 hours for homebound patients, and 5.4 hours for day care users. 4. There were significant differences in the patient's conditions (CDRL), bizarre behaviors and the families's burden by living arrangement and /or types of service. However, no significant difference was found between groups in the family's quality of life. 5. The families rated the services of day care center as most effective for the care of the patients and families, except for a few families who had experienced some improvement in the patient's conditions. The outpatient clinic users expressed psychological comforts mainly in that the patient was being taken care of. For those hospitalized patients, families expressed the comfort of being relieved of the burden of care and that the patient is being professionally cared for. Form the analysis of the costs, hours of patient care, patient's bizarre behaviors, family's quality of life and burdens, and family's evaluation of services, it is concluded that up to the mid stage of Alzheimer's condition, the utilization of day care center services is found to be the most cost-effective, and toward the end stage of the Alzheimer's disease, it is hoped that there will be a establishment of long term or short term in-patient facilities for the protection of patients and preservation of the integrity of families for less cost. Thus. it was concluded that the family centered system of care is the most effective for Korea with systematic support systems developed for the care of patients and their families according to the needs of families as the patient's condition deteriorates.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2000

North Korean fugitives is one of various nominations referring to the North Koreans who have secretly crossed the territorial border of their country. It is a new terminology that huts gained wider usage in our society as we entered the 1990s. North Koreans list various motives for escaping their county, such as food shortage and disillusionment of belief in the system. Most of the forced repatriation of North Korean escapees takes place in China. The purpose of this study examines the family knife of female fugitives from North Korea in order to provide pertinent alterntives which are needed to secure basic human right of the female fugitives and enable them to keep stability of their family lives and to adapt themselves into new socio-cultural circumstances in China. For this, the preliminary survey performed to examine the demographic characteristics on the female fugitives; to find out the incentives and channels of their escape out of North Korea; to investigate what types of family life and family relationship they manage in China; to grasp their problems and need of family life in adaptation into Chinese society. The specific questions for grasping the general characteristics of the female fugitives are composed of age, education level residential district in North Korea. In order to find out main causes and influential factors of their escape from North Korea, the following questions are included: what the most important incentives and motives are; the frequency of escape; and whether they discuss their escape with their family or not. The questions to find out their present actual life situations in China are about difficult things to adjust in China, family life, relationship with husband, and their conversational diction, the degree of their mastering the chinese language, the degree of their adaptation to chinese way of living, and so forth, which reveal to what extent they are adapted themselves to new cultural situation in China. This study collected the data through face-to-face personal interview from July to October, 1999 Yenben province along the China-North Korea border. Data from 202 female fugitives were used in final analysis. This study uses the SAS PC program for windows, Ver, 6.12 to analyze the data such as the distribution of frequency, percentage, mean and so on. The results from this analysis are follows; the most principal motive of North Korean women's escape to china is to eat to live because of famine. Concerning the year when the fugitives escape from North Korea, all of the interviewees haute escaped since 1990. After escape their continual contact with their family in North Korea, 81.7% of the respondent have not been in touch with their family. The main reasons for their not contacting with their family in North Korea are that it is not helpful although they contacts with their family. Female fugitives from North Korea have difficulties in life. They have rather stable relationship to their husband, but they have experienced difficulties in other aspects of family life. Their main difficulties are largely from their relationships to husbands'family members, and from the problems relate to their family in North Korea, and their children. Based on this study, further research has to present supportive policies that help North Korean female escapees live without being deprived and protect their human rights. And the development of practical program to help their efficient social adaptation has to be continued without stop together.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2005

For the life quality improvement of rural elderly family placed in risk of frail, this study was investigated. Health habit, food habit, and dietary management were analyzed between elderly and middle aged family The subjects 1870 collected in 9 provinces 88 cities or guns by sampling with probability proportional to size(PPS). Questionnaire method was used. Survey was conducted by trained interviewers. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS(version 8.1). Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. The elderly families' characters were odd pair$(42.0\%)$, with patients$(17.6\%)$ and health examination per 1 or 2 years$(44.0\%)$. The elderly families' health habit: high of no-drink$(55.2\%)$ and low of smoke$(31.3\%)$ situation was better than those of middle aged families'. The states of diets of elderly family: having breakfast$(94.1\%)$ but 1-2 kinds$(17.7\%)$ or 3-4 kinds$(59.4\%)$ of side dishes allowed to guess lower status of food intake balance. Nutritional supplements$(27.5\%)$with tablets of vitamins$(63.5\%)$ were the most frequent states in elderly family. The aspects of dietary habit of elderly family: no instant foods$(72.6\%)$, no snack$(3.08\%)$ and no dine-out$(67.7\%)$ were significantly different with those of middle aged family. Dietary habit score(8.28/12 points) of elderly family was not significantly different with 8.22/12 points of middle aged family. Food purchase place of elderly family was mainly at traditional market$(43.6\%)$, but it was significantly different with super-market$(47.6\%)$ of middle aged family. In elderly family, traditional dish preparation was seldom$(49.8\%)$ except winter kimchi$(91.5\%)$, but significantly higher rate of in middle aged families' traditional dish preparation and winter kimchi$(94.5\%)$. From these results, more of snack, traditional dishes and dine-out were needed to improve quality of life for rural elderly.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

Since modern times, lack of housing had become more serious in the cities when going through urbanization process. As a countermeasure against the situation, multi-family houses raised its head at the end of 1980s. Regarding multi-family houses, which is mainly targeting low-income group, however, only quantitative supply has been focused with no enough research about space planning. For now that the supply of housing in the cities reached certain level, there is a need of planning multi-family house considering the demands of residents. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the demands of owners and tenants of multi-family house in an improvement district of housing environment for housing improvement, and to extract house planning components. As a research methodology, small-group workshop panel using drawings and mock-up has been practiced to reach residents' concertized opinion. After dividing the residents group into 2 groups which include owners group(3 participants) and tenants group(3 participants), 3 times of workshops covering 2 days are conducted for each group. Actual-condition investigation of the participants' houses was ran side by side with workshop. As a result, difference in their point of view about the reasons and the direction of housing improvement was identified, on the other hand that there is similarity in their demands such as guaranteeing independency and privacy among households.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2016

Background: Socio-economical status, represented by poverty, is a potent factor in predicting health status, because preventable illness and death occurs due to poverty and socio-economical situation. This study aims to provide information towards on the correlation between poverty and self-rated health in consideration of elements of health behaviors and family and friend support in Philippines. Methods: Data was collected on 15th to 28th of February 2011 by using structured questionnaire through interview method. Study area is Antipolo and Tondo in Manila, Philippines. Sample size was 1,100 but only 658 cases was analyzed due to incomplete questionnaire. Results: Results show that the poverty has direct negative influence on self-rated health, while the presence of family and friend support decreased negative influence. And through the analysis of mediated moderation model, similarly poverty has also indirect negative effect on self-rated health by health behaviors and family and friend support. Especially, regular exercise was found to be a major variable that mediates poverty and self-rated health. Conclusion: In conclusion, to improve the self-rated health state of respondents need to provide emotional support especially from family and friends. Also regular exercise should be encouraged by raising health awareness through continuous health education and promotion for the residents in order to develop health behaviors.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine the leading causes of choosing to be single through in-depth interview. In the study I applied Hermeneutic Phenology to clarify the relationship between the past experiences and values of the subjects. I analyzed the leading causes that have drawn them to stay single, and the gender differences on the two subjects. The causes of being single were divided into two categories; personal factors and socio-environmental factors. The personal factors were standard value by birth order, expectation from parents, overcoming economic difficulty, and lack of interest toward the opposite sex. The socio-environmental factors were achievement at work, and ease of living. Staving single is not a special way of life. As found in the study, the cause of being single is not determined at birth, but rather results from being raised to be single in a way. The main cause of being single was basically based on the environment in which they were raised including parents' attitudes, economic situation, and sibling order We are living in a society of diversity. Being and staying single is a personal choice, that is one aspect of diversity. Therefore we need to widen our vision to accept the single life as one of the normal life styles and one for special treatment. We have to approve of other people's life styles as long as of causes no harm for the development of society. On the other hand, we need to be more serious about the family itself and having family. Finally I think we need to develop various family programs targeted at a diverse range of families rather than only at the normal family.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to focus on the phenomenon of spouses experienced by offenders after completing the offender intervention program. Method: For this purpose, among the offenders who received the decision of counsel (counseling order) accused by domestic violence, who the other spouse selected case without counseling. After the in - depth interviews with the 9 participants, the collected data were analyzed by Colazzi 's phenomenological study method. Results: Major research findings can be summarized as follows. Category 1 was "Experiences about causes of violence", category 2 was "Experiences with forms of violence", category 3 was "What I wanted about my spouse when I called the police", category 4 was "What I wanted for myself when I reported to the police", category 5 was "the situation of the offender after completing the offender intervention program", category 6 was "what I experienced after completing the offender intervention program" and category 7 was "Experiences for Follow-up consultation needs". Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, counseling for perpetrators who are violent actors needed a therapeutic approach not only to strengthen the temporary punishment but also to help the family recovery on a continuous and sustainable level. Therefore, the implications of policy intervention for domestic violence were suggested.