• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1999

Body mass index(BMI) is recognized as one of the most useful indexes for adiposity in children and adults. This study was conducted to provide information on BMI distribution by age and sex in Korean children, and to identify sociodemographic factors that affected BMI among children. The study was conducted on 2376 children(boys 1184, girls 1192) living in a middle-size city in Korea. Subjects were selected from the primary schoolchildren in grades 1-6 using the two-stage sampling method. Their mean age was 9.4 years. The percentile of BMI tended to increase as age increased in both sexes. The 85th percentile for boys, aged 6-12 years, was 19.8kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 22.5kg/㎡. The 85th percentile for girls, aged 6-12 years, was 18.9kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 21.5kg/㎡. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict BMI from percent ideal body weight (PIBW), age and sex. After adjusting PIBW and age, BMI for boys was 0.062kg/㎡ lower than that for girls. One year of age increased BIM by 0.55kg/㎡. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity based on PIBW was 15.8% and 15.0% for boys, and 14.0% and 11.0% for girls, respectively. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and parents' obesity influenced children's BMI. After adjusting for sex, age and parents' BMI, the presence of another children in family, and mother's employment status showed a strong effect on children's BMI. The results suggest an age-sex specific BMI distribution of Korean children. The present study also provides direct evidence of a correlation between early life environmental factors, such as presence of siblings or mother's employment, and BMI level in Korean children.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.1274-1279
• /
• 2005

The complex vegetation and plant species distributions within riparian corridors influence plant species diversity patterns at both local and regional scales and further reflect both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Because of these characteristics, riparian zones are often the ecosystem level component that are most sensitive to changes of the surrounding environment; they provide early indications of environmental change and can be viewed as the important source in the watershed. The objectives of this study were two concepts: first, document the composition and dominance of plant communities of riparian areas in the stream, second, compare species composition and temporal diversity between stations in riparian areas of the Ian Stream. The flora was composed to total 158 kinds of the vascular plants as 49 family, 54 genera, 145 species, 12 varieties, 1 forma When the naturalized plant were applied to the recent classification system 280 kinds, the naturalization rate was $10.8\% higher than that of mean value($10.3\%$) of the Korean mountain district. Furthermore, urbanization index (UI) was $6.1\%$. The dominant vegetation communities were distributed in the habitats of three compartments from upstream to downstream. The vegetations were included Phragmites japonica, Salix gracilistyla, S. hulteni and Robinia pseudo-acacia in the riparian area, and Persicaria sieboldii, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Draba nemorosa var. hebecarpa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens frondosa, Trigonotis peduncularis and Hemistepta lyrata in the sandbank or the riparian area, and Equisetum arvense, Humulus japonicus, Persicaria perfoliata, Trifolium repens, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Avena fatua, Agropyron yesoense, Oenothera odorata, Viola mandshurica, Rumex crispus in banksides, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of change distributions for nine major health behaviors among poor children in underserved area, and to provide basic information for developing specific objectives and strategies for health education program. Methods: The health behavior data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Stages of change classification were based on self-reported responses to five statements. The health behaviors included were balanced diet, safety behavior (helmet and protective device use while riding), regular exercise, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sleep pattern, weight management and stress management. Results: Poor children were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in action and maintenance stages for a safety behavior. 33.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 29.9% contemplators, and 6.5% in preparation stage. Only 4.3% and 9.6% were in action and maintenance stages, respectively. Gender differences were apparent. Boys were more likely to be precontemplators for nine health behaviors. Children from the lowest socioeconomic status and disrupted family were more likely to be in precontemplation for weight management and exercise behaviors. Children living with both parents were more likely to be in the action and maintenance stages for nine health behaviors. Stages of change for balanced diet and smoking were significantly related with those for other eight health behaviors. And the stage of exercise adoption was found to be significantly related with those for other seven health behaviors. Conclusion: Safety education must receive high priority in health education program for low income children. Balanced diet smoking cessation and regular exercise could be a possible gateway behavior toward healthier lifestyle practices.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2007

A comet that passes extremely close to the Sun at perihelion is called a sungrazing comet (of sungrazer). Around 1270 sungrazing comets have been discovered on coronagraph images from the SOHO (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft since 1996 up to April, 2007. The major groups orbiting around the Sun in similar orbits are named as Kreutz, Meyer, Marsden, and Kracht 1&2 families. About 85% of SOHO comets belong to the Kreutz family with perihelion on distances of less than about $2{\sim}3R_{\bigodot}$. The distributions of perihelia and the orbital elements of SOHO sungrazing comets are analyzed. We investigated closely spaced pairs and clusters in the orbital element space. Here, we suggest three prospective groups of the sungrazing cornets: [(C/2000 Y6, C/2000 Y7), (C/2000 V4, C/2001 T5), (C/2003 H6, C/2003 H7)].

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.198-210
• /
• 1999

Based on the reviewing the present specimens and published data, taxonomic revision about the Korean names and distributional ranges of the rajid fishes (Rajidae) in Korea was conducted. As a result, the family Rajidae from Korea was classified into 4 genera encompassing 11 species, Bathyraja bergi, B. isotrachys, Dipturus kwangtungensis, D. macrocauda, D. tengu, Okamejei acutispina, O. boesemani, O. kenojei, O. meerderooortii, Raja koreana and R. pulchra. Proposed new Korean names are "Salhongeo-sok" for the genus Dipturus and the "Hongeo-sok" for the genus Okamejei, because those are elevated from subgeneric to generic rank recently. In particular, the new korean names are needed to be given that, the genus Raja is "Chamhongeo-sok" and R. pulchra is "Chamhongeo". The occurrence of Bathyraja bergi is recognized as in the Korean waters according to this revision. The check list and the map of geographic distributions of 11 species of Rajidae from Korea are presented.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study sought to identify factors associated with dental hygienists' decisions to leave one dental office and commence practice in another. In addition to, the reasons dental hygienists stay in the profession were investigated. Demographic descriptors, including education level, marital status and age, and employment setting were also examined. Methods: Currently practicing dental hygienists in Korea were surveyed from March to May 2003. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The survey collected information concerning the 461 respondents' personal characteristics and reasons associated with changing positions and staying. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, independent t-tests and chi-square analyses. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists(SPSS v.10, Chicago, Illinois). Results: The primary reasons for taking up another employment were found to be better offer, inadequate salary and personal conflict with dentist. Secondary reasons stated for changing their job revealed additional factors including inadequate salary, better offer, and lack of benefits. The primary influence in deciding to remaining in the practice of dental hygiene was self-development. Family responsibility, safe environment and professional collaboration were also important factors in deciding to remain in workforce. Conclusion: The position changes of dental hygienists are primarily influenced by better offer. Inadequate salary and conflict with dentist were also important factors in deciding to change employment positions. The findings suggest that dental hygienists who remain in the workforce are positively influenced mainly by self-development. Employers of dental hygienists should be aware of these factors in employing process. If more hygienists could remain longer in their positions, the manpower situation would be affected positively.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2024

The phase-type, PH, distribution is defined as the time to absorption into a terminal state in a continuous-time Markov chain. As the PH distribution includes family of exponential distributions, it has been widely used in stochastic models. Since the PH distribution is represented and generated by an initial probability vector and a generator matrix which is called the Markovian representation, we need to find a vector and a matrix that are consistent with given set of moments if we want simulate a PH distribution. In this paper, we propose an approach to simulate a PH distribution based on distribution function which can be obtained directly from moments. For the simulation of PH distribution of order 2, closed-form formula and streamlined procedures are given based on the Jordan decomposition and the minimal Laplace transform which is computationally more efficient than the moment matching methods for the Markovian representation. Our approach can be used more effectively than the Markovian representation in generating higher order PH distribution in queueing network simulation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.2119-2125
• /
• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was $31.9{\pm}9.77$ (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2008

Background and Purpose : This study was to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to obesity and abdominal obesity. Methods : From1 Oct. 2005 to 31 Jul. 2007, 629 patients with a stroke were included. Patients were hospitalized within 30 days after the onset of stroke at Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Hospital, DongGuk University International Hospital and Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease (Stroke Center), or Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital. We investigated general characteristics preferences according to general obesity and abdominal obesity. Results : 629 acute stroke patients were included in the final analysis. Male, young age, hypertension, heart disease in the family history, hypertension in the past history, care of invalids or grandchildren and Taeumin in the Sasang constitution were higher among obese patients. Male, transient ischemic attack in the past history, smoker and Soyangin in the Sasangconstitution were higher among patients with abdominal obesity. The incidence of abdominal obesity corresponded to lower education level. Conclusions : In our study, we observed the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to obesity and abdominal obesity in acute stroke patients.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 2021

At the estuaries of Bonggang and Miryong streams in the Korean southern coast, the spatiotemporal distribution and habitat environment of a nerite snail, Clithon retropictum (Gastropoda: Neritidae), which has been assigned as a legally protected species of Korea, were explored. Physicochemical environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, tidal level distribution as well as biotic environments (chlorophyll-a concentration and epilithic microalgae composition) were monitored every month. The relationships between the environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail population were analyzed. Water temperature, salinity, and water level varied by season and lunar tidal rhythm. The spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail was mostly related to water salinity. Among epilithic algae which were the priority prey of snails, blue-green algae and green algae dominated in summer and autumn, while diatoms predominated during winter and spring. Chlorophyll-a concentration was highly and positively correlated with the population density of the nerite snail. The correlation coefficients were different depending on the taxon (Family) of epilithic algae. The mean population density was 302.2 inds m^-2 and 271.8 inds m^-2 in Bonggang Stream and Miryong Stream, respectively. The egg capsules of the nerite snail in the two habitats were observed from March (in Bonggang Stream) or April (in Miryong Stream) to August, and newly hatched juveniles recruited in the habitats from August were assessed with regard to frequency distributions of shell width. The occurrence of large-sized snails in upper stream reaches of both Bonggang and Miryong indicated the movement of spats from the mouth to the upper reaches during the whole life cycle.