• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2011

The purpose this study is to develop indicators that measure the healthy housing condition of multi-family housing. The major findings are as follow: first, healthy housing was defined by physical, mental, social, and management aspects and proposed the conceptual model of hierarchy structure of evaluation of healthy housing by literature reviews. Second, evaluating items were selected based on literature reviews of existing indicators and preceding studies about both domestic and overseas multi-family housing. The evaluating indicators were identified as a total of 87 evaluating items which were composed of four dimensions and 16 attributes on the basis of the conceptual model. They cover comprehensive scope of the multi-family housing such as unit, building, complex, and site. Third, as the measurement, the 5-point ordinal scale measure was suggested. The evaluating measurement including measure standards, measure methods, and measure contents were developed by each evaluating items. Lastly, the weighting of evaluating indicators was developed by AHP method conducted by survey of an expert group. Items were identified as high contributors or low contributors. The weighting of these items could suggest several evaluations according to the situation. The level of healthy housing condition may be evaluated by both total evaluation and a specific field of evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1468-1476
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• 2004

Purpose: A quasi-experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of a home visiting discharge education program on the maternal self-esteem, attachment, postpartum depression and family function in 35 mothers of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants. Methods: Twenty-three mothers in the intervention group received the home visiting discharge education while 12 mothers in the control group received the routine, hospital discharge education. Baseline data was collected in both groups one day after delivery. The intervention group received the home visiting discharge education while the control group did the routine hospital-based discharge education. The questionnaire including the data on maternal self-esteem, attachment, postpartum depression and family function were collected within 1 week after the discharge by mail. Results: The scores of maternal self-esteem, and attachment were significantly increased, and the postpartum depression and the family function score were decreased after the home visiting discharge education in intervention group. There were no changes in these variables before and after the routine hospital-based discharge education in control group. Conclusion: These results support the beneficial effects of home visiting discharge education on the maternal role adaptation and family function of the mothers of NICU infants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

As the price of traditional fossil fuels continue to increase, more people attach importance to the pollution of the environment caused by fossil fuel's burning, developing and using renewable energy resources has become a very important project all over the world. Also, the rural energy planning which is another method to improve energy utilization ratio and reduce environment pollution, is also regarded as a very effective way to reduce the energy consumption. There is a quantity of renewable energy resources and natural tribes in rural area, which is both feasible to develop the renewable energy and the regional energy planning. To carry out this, it is needs to know the area's quantity of renewable energy resources and the total energy consumption. This paper is to find out the relationship between rural energy consumption and rural conditions, and to found a energy consumption model which can conjecture the energy consumption in rural family. and the cost of rural family's energy consumption was founded to conjecture how much money dose it cost in rural family's energy consumption. The energy consumption model was concluded using the surveys of 76 families in 14 villages at the area of Chungcheongbuk-Do(province). The main factors to energy consumption was selected out which were number of family members, acreage of house, acreage of farmland and family's annual income.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

This study explored determinants of family support that young renter households received to afford their housing costs. Microdata set of the 2014 Korea Housing Survey was used as secondary data for the study. Total 1,752,899 households headed by persons between 20 and 34 years of age and whose rental type was either Jeon-se or monthly rental with deposit in private rental units were selected as study subjects. For the data analysis, a series of discriminant analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 21.0. Major findings were as follows. (1) Among the subjects, 28.2% were found to receive financial support from parents or other relatives. (2) To see the discriminant analysis results, a linear combination of seven household and housing characteristics (householder's gender, whether or not the householder worked in the previous week, whether or not the householders have a spouse, tenure type, structure type, location and deposit amount) could explain 44.6% of variance in young renter households' receipt of family support with a prediction accuracy of 77.2%. (3) To summarize the final discriminant model, Jeon-se renter households in location other than Incheon or Gyeonggi Province living in a unit in structure other than multifamily structure headed by younger householders that did not worked previous week or without spouse; with a greater deposit had the maximum tendency to receive family support to pay rental costs.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.2 s.86
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• pp.155-162
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with sanitation and cleanliness regarding the importance of family restaurant employees in the Ulsan and Busan areas. Accordingly, this study conducted a suey questionnaire consisting of 28 measures of food-service as well as major subject descriptors. From the results, the frequency, descriptive, factor, correspondence analysis, major findings and marketing implications could be summarized as follows: First, 6 factors were extracted: cooking and control factor, food and tableware handling factor, personal cleanliness condition factor, purchase and receiving factor, unit food material store factor and Kitchen utensil sanitation factor. KMO and Bartlett' stest statistics showed that the data fitted the factor analysis well. Results of factor analysis, average variance extracted estimates and shared variance showed that the convergent and discriminant validity of 6 factors are supported and Cronbach's alpha showed that the internal consistency of the 6 factors was supported. Second, correspondence analysis indicated that statistically significant relationships existed between some of the family restaurant employee sanitation and cleanliness factors and the family restaurant enterprise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an information protocol for anxiety and nursing satisfaction of family caregivers. The caregivers were caring for a family member who had a CVA (cerebrovascular accident) and who had been admitted to the ICU (intensive care unit). Method: The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from April 1 to October 31, 2005 at D hospital in Busan City The participants were 40 family caregivers of patients with a CVA admitted to the ICU. Caregivers in the experimental group participated in the information protocol for 30 min. Both groups were pre-tested before the intervention for two variables, anxiety and nursing needs. The post-test of both groups included anxiety and nursing satisfaction. The instruments used in this study were the Spielberger's state anxiety inventory (1976) and the nursing satisfaction scale developed by Molter (1979). Results: Anxiety scores were significantly lower and nursing satisfaction scores were significantly higher for caregivers in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The information protocol was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the level of nursing satisfaction of family caregivers caring for an ICU patients with a CVA.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the SMS(Short Message Service) informing patients' surgical operation status to his or her family members on their nursing satisfaction. Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The subjects were the family members of patients underwent spine surgery operation at a general hospital in B city. Twenty five subjects in the experimental group received SMS services whereas the other twenty five subjects in the control group received no intervention. Results: There was a significant difference in the level of nursing satisfaction in the experimental group compared to that of the control group(t=7.14, p=.001). Conclusion: The result above indicates that the level of nursing satisfaction of family members of the patients under surgical operation can be raised by providing SMS informing surgical operational status during the operation. This finding leads to the conclusion that such information service can be used as one of the efficient interventions for improving patient and family satisfactions with nursing care in a surgical unit.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.146-150
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• 2009

Present family pattern of Korean society has been changed into nuclear family pattern based on the married couple from traditional expanded family pattern. As the entire social consciousness has been changed into private disposition, the number of independent household for 1 person has increases. Also, as the delivery age of first child became late according to the elongation of average period for the national education, the increment of average age for the first marriage and women's participation in the society, the family pattern of married couple lasts longer than used to be. Like this, considering the family formed period comprised from a household for 1 person to a household for 1married couple and senescence increase, as any response is inevitable for the requirement of residential space where 1~2 dwellers' life can be accepted economic and functionally within smaller scaled space, development and research on a plan system(flexible-typed plan) increasing the degree of freedom is required in developing plan of unit household. In the study for this, considering the change of population and social structure, I suggest the method in developing economic design responding to the differentiation, designing the change of support-system and infill-system based on the systemic comprehension about the residing environment in the family formation period and the research for main life pattern and residing environment in the family formation period in the present city life. I will set (family) composing system, develop basic and mixing typed standard model and establish the stage of applied development for the development of economic design.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine differences in Spiritual Interests Related to Illness Tool (SpIRIT) scores and the degree of spiritual needs (SNs) between patients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers and to compare spiritual needs between them. Methods: The study participants were inpatients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers at 40 national hospice centers. The final analysis included 120 SpIRIT surveys from patients and 115 from family members, and 99 SNs questionnaires from patients and 111 from family members. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in SpIRIT scores or SNs. The SpIRIT sub-dimensions that ranked high for both patients and primary family caregivers were "maintaining positive perspective", "loving others", and "finding meaning". The SNs sub-dimensions were ranked identically in both groups, in the order of "love and connection", "hope and peace", "meaning and purpose", respectively. In both groups, the recognition of the importance of spiritual matters and religion were major factors influencing SpIRIT scores and SNs. Conclusion: The SpIRIT scores and degree of SNs of patients with terminal cancer and their primary family caregivers were found to be very closely related, and the needs for coherence and meaning were greater than religious needs. When providing spiritual care for patients with terminal illness, family members should also be considered, and their prioritization of spiritual needs and the importance of spiritual matters and religion shall be taken into account.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, caregiving performance, stress levels, and mental health of family caregivers of terminal cancer patients with delirium, insofar as these characteristics are relevant for delirium. Methods: Between May 1, 2019, and June 1, 2020, 96 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients with delirium completed a structured survey, the results of which were analyzed. Results: The average correct answer rate for delirium-related knowledge was 53.2% across all subcategories, which included knowledge of causes (41.5%), symptoms (65.4%), and caregiving (51.7%). The average score for family caregivers' performance of caregiving for delirium was 2.60±0.5, with subcategories including caregiving for patients without delirium (2.16±0.95), caregiving for patients with delirium (2.84±1.01), and stress related to caregiving for delirium (39.88±16.55), as well as categories such as patient-related caregiving (44.32±28.98), duty-related caregiving (44.21±30.15), and interpersonal relationship-related caregiving (22.35±25.03). For mental health, the average score among family caregivers was 1.96±0.70, with the highest score being for the category of additional items (2.28±0.84). Family caregivers of patients with hyperactive delirium as the delirium subtype had higher scores for caregiving performance than caregivers of patients with mixed delirium. Conclusion: Scores for the delirium-related knowledge and caregiving performance of family caregivers were low, while their caregiving stress levels were high due to their lack of knowledge and experience. This indicates the importance of delirium-related education for family members of patients with delirium and the necessity of developing nursing intervention programs to help manage stress and promote mental health among family caregivers.