• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

This study investigated differences in the level of delinquent behaviors depending on family structures among adolescents. The subjects were 552 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Incheon, of whom 247 were being raised by single-parents and 305 by non-divorced parents. All respondents answered by self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t-test, Scheffe test, ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. The major findings were as follows. First, the level of adolescents' delinquent behaviors differed by sex and age. High school students tended to be more engaged in violence and status delinquent behaviors than middle school students. Male students were more likely to engage in social, sex and properly delinquent behaviors than female students. Second, there were differences in the level of delinquent behaviors depending on family structures among the adolescents. Mostly, adolescents with non-divorced parents were less delinquent than those with a single parent. Third, among the adolescents from a divorced family, then whose parents had been divorced for 1-2 years had the highest score in sex and property delinquent behaviors.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.455-485
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• 2016

이 연구의 주된 목적은 가족형태별로 중년 성인의 노부모 부양인식과 관련 변인에서의 차이를 분석하는데 있다. 분석대상은 평균 45세의 중년 성인 1,258명(남 601, 여 657; 핵가족 1,111, 대가족 147)이었다. 측정도구의 양적 문항 신뢰도는 Cronbach α=.67~.95이었고, 질적문항의 채점자간 신뢰도는 95.1%, Kappa 계수는 .95이었다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 가족형태별로 학력에 차이가 있었으나, 가정경제수준, 직업, 사회계층, 맞벌이 여부에서는 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 가족형태별로 가족관계와 심리특성에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 핵가족보다 대가족 중년 성인이 자녀에게 정서적 지원과 자녀를 위한 희생 및 은퇴 후 자녀에 대한 기대를 더 많이 하였다. 또한 대가족 중년 성인이 자기효능감 및 행복 수준이 높았다. 셋째, 가족형태별로 노부모 부양행동에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대가족 중년 성인이 부모님께 드리는 용돈, 부모님과 식사 횟수, 대화시간, 효도 마음, 노부모 부양행동이 더 많았다. 넷째, 가족형태별로 노부모 부양인식을 살펴본 결과, 핵가족과 대가족 중년 성인 모두, 노부모 부양의 좋은 방법으로 마음 편하게 해 드림을, 노부모 부양할 때 어렵고 힘든 점으로 의견차이 및 경제적 문제를, 노부모 부양할 때 가장 좋은 점으로 자녀교육에 도움이 됨 및 가정화목을 지적하였다. 이러한 결과에 토대하여 후속 연구를 위한 시사점이 논의되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2015

This study analyzed the differences in adjustment and family environments of adolescents from three different family structures, using the KCYPS panel 4th wave data from first graders in middle schools. The participants of the study consisted of 1,715 adolescents in two-parent families, 79 adolescents in single-father families, and 113 adolescents in single-mother families. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and ANCOVAs. The findings of this study indicated that adolescents in two-parent families showed a lower level of physical symptoms than those in single-mother families and a lower level of participation in classwork than those in single-father families whereas adolescents in single-father families were more likely to be involved in delinquency than those from the other two family structures. In addition, significant differences were found in family environments including parents' physical health and life satisfaction, family economic status, parenting behaviors, and parents' absence at home after school. Parents in single-mother and single-father families were less healthy physically, showed lower levels of life satisfaction, reported less income, and spent less money for their children, compared to those in two-parent families. With regard to parenting behaviors, single fathers tended to be less warm toward and neglected their children more than single mothers and parents in two-parent families. Adolescents in single-father families were most likely to be left alone at home after school, followed by those in single-mother and two-parent families. The results suggested that specific attention needs to be paid to adolescents from single-father families in order to support their adjustment.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of informazation on the structure of family life. This study adapted the theory of family life structure to analyze these influences. this theory viewed the components of family structure as ‘family culture’, ‘means for living’, ‘household management’, ‘family relations’, ‘time’, and ‘living space’. Related research works conducted in the several disciplines and the statistics were used, The informazation had great impacts on the structures of family life. Some impacts wre desirable but undesirable impacts were also found. Some recommendations were made improve the quality of family life in the society of informazation.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.843-852
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• 2013

The characteristic connection is a good substitute for Levi-Civita connection in studying non-integrable geometries. In this paper we consider the homogeneous space $U(3)/(U(1){\times}U(1){\times}U(1))$ with a one-parameter family of Hermitian structures. We prove that the one-parameter family of Hermtian structures admit a characteristic connection. We also compute the torsion of the characteristic connecitons.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-125
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between sex-role attitudes and marital family role structures. Research was conducted from May, 1989 in Seoul on 265 persons who are married. The statistical procedures used were frequncy, percentile, ony-way ANOVA, DMR, T-test, x2-test, and Pearson product correlation. The results are as follows: 1) The married men have more traditional sex-role attitudes than the married women. Their sex-role attitudes were influenced by the personal environmental variables such as age, husband's and wife's educational levels, family monthly income, family life cycle, marriage pattern, and child number. 2) The tendency of marital family role performances has no significant differences between the married men and women. Their marital family roles were influenced by the personal environmental variables such as husband's and wife's educational levels, wife's employment status, family monthly income, marriage pattern, and child numbe . 3) There is significant correlation between sex-role attitudes and marital family roles on the married men; When their sex-role attitudes are more modern pattern the structures of marital family roles are jointed. 4) There is no significant correlation between sex-role attitudes and marital family roles on the married women.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find how financial structures differ from the family life cycle. The data was drawn from the 2002 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study conducted by the Korea Labor Institute, and 1,957 households. The level of total income and subcategories of income were found to be significantly different from the family life cycle and showed tendencies to increase up to the period of child birth and then sharply dropped down during the retirement period. Household consumption expenditures in total and subcategories showed a U shape by family life cycle and were also found to be significantly different from the family life cycle. The consumption expenditure of dining out showed the highest level at the beginning of family establishment, whereas medical cost showed the highest level for later years. The level of total assets increased gradually from the family life cycle and a little decreased for the later years, and the level of real estate assets showed the highest ratio(90% over) out of total asset components of family life cycle.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2022

This study investigates the impact of ownership structures and audit quality on carbon emission disclosure. It also examines how audit quality affects the relationship between ownership structures and carbon emission disclosure. This research includes 106 standalone sustainability reports from non-financial companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2015 and 2018. Our findings show that family and concentrated ownerships convey less information about carbon emissions. Our results fail to demonstrate that disclosure of carbon emissions could be a corporation's approach to respond to stakeholder pressure and public visibility and to provide legitimacy for its existence. We also find a positive and significant association between high-quality (Big4) auditors and carbon emission performance. Our further result suggests that Big4 auditors seem to compromise their high standard quality on auditing family and concentrated ownership firms. They fail to influence their family and concentrated ownership clients to be socially responsible. Policymakers should support the existence of Big4 auditors as a driver of carbon emission performance. Top management should be proactive to tackle carbon emission issues by adopting stakeholder-driven mechanisms and establishing legitimacy with society. Nevertheless, the involvement of family and highly concentrated shareholders in decision-making processes and information disclosure should not be encouraged.

• 아동학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 1994

This study was designed to examine the effects of family structure (nuclear, extended family) on children's behavioral and emotional problems. The subjects of this study were 650 primary school children aged 8 to 13 living in Seoul and Incheon (324 from nuclear and 326 from extended families). The Children's Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ: Rutter, 1970) and a questionnaire containing demographic questions and some additional questions were used for instruments. For the analyses, frequencies, descriptives, chi-square, factor analysis, and t-test were used. The results were analysed and explained in their cut-off points, prevalences, differences and factor structures. The cut-off score obtained in this study was 18, and the prevalences with this cut-off score were 6.3% in total subjects, 8.0% in nuclear families, and 4.6% in extended families. The children from extended families showed less behavioral and emotional problems, especially antisocial behaviours, compared with those from nuclear families, and this difference was significant (p<.05). The factor structures of the CBQ were 'antisocial', 'neurotic', 'mannerism' and 'speech' in total subjects, and, in the case of nuclear families, the factor structures were same as in total subjects, but, in the case of extended families, the 'emotional anxiety' factor was included instead of the 'speech' factor.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Toll-like receptor (TLR) family proteins, type I transmembrane proteins, play a central role in human innate immune response by recognizing common structural patterns in diverse molecules from bacteria, viruses and fungi. Recently four structures of the TLR and ligand complexes have been determined by high resolution x-ray crystallographic technique. In this review we summarize reported structures of TLRs and their proposed activation mechanisms. The structures demonstrate that binding of agonistic ligands to the extracellular domains of TLRs induces homo- or heterodimerization of the receptors. Dimerization of the TLR extracellular domains brings their two C-termini into close proximity. This suggests a plausible mechanism of TLR activation: ligand induces dimerization of the extracellular domains, which enforces juxtaposition of intracellular signaling domains for recruitment of intracellular adaptor proteins for signal initiation.