• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious viral disease in chicken. It causes heavy economic loss by immune suppression and high mortality. The IBDV, designated Avibirnavirus in the Family Birnaviridae, has a double-stranded RNA genome formed by two segments, segment A and segment B. Segment A encodes a 108 KDa polypeptide that is self-cleaved to produce pVP2, VP3 and VP4, and later pVP2 is cleaved to VP2. The VP2 contains the antigenic regions responsible for elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and VP3 is a major immunogenic protein of IBDV. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for IBDV were produced and characterized. All 15 MAbs were specific for IBDV and did not react with other viruses used in this study. The protein specificity of MAbs was determined by comparing the reactivity patterns of each MAb with IBDV VP2 and VP234 recombinant baculoviruses and Western blot analysis. As a result, 7 MAbs (1F5, 2C8, 2F4, 3C7, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) and 5 MAbs (2A4, 2G2, 3F5, 3G2, 4F10) were specific for VP2 and VP3, respectively. The protein specificity of 3 MAbs (2B8, 3F7, 3F8) were not determined. Five (2C8, 2F4, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) of the VP2-specific MAbs had a neutralizing activity against IBDV. Some MAbs reacted with IBDV-infected bursa of Fabricius by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The MAbs produced in this study would be used for diagnostic reagents for the detection of IBDV infection.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 5기의 2010~2012년 자료로 독립이 가능한 20세 이상 남녀 14,914명의 24시간 회상법 자료를 이용하여 1인가구와 다인가구의 비염장채소와 과일, 과일, 김치를 적게 섭취할 위험도를 비교하였다. 1인가구 남성에서 미혼의 비율이 41.5%인 반면에 1인가구 여성에서 미혼비율이 9.2%로 여성 1인가구의 90%는 기혼인 것으로 나타났다. 1인가구와 다인가구의 가구소득은 남성에서 100만원 미만이 1인가구는 42.3%, 다인가구는 12.7%를 나타내었으며, 여성에서 1인가구는 100만원 미만이 70%, 다인가구는 11.9%로 1인가구에서 저소득층이 많은 것을 알 수 있다. 1인가구와 다인가구의 교육수준은 남성에서 6년 미만이 1인가구는 20.7%, 다인가구는 15.1%를 나타내었으며, 여성에서 1인가구는 6년 미만이 66.4%, 다인가구는 24.6%로 남성에서는 큰 차이가 없지만 여성의 교육수준에서는 1인가구와 다인가구의 큰차이를 보여주었다. 20세 이상 성인남녀에서 미혼인사람보다 기혼인사람의 채소과일 섭취량이 많고, 소득수준과 교육수준이 증가 함에따라 비염장채소와 과일섭취가 400 g 이상인 사람의 비율이 증가하였다. 가구 구조에 따른 채소 과일섭취량의 관계에 대해 분석한 결과 나이와 가구소득, 총에너지 섭취량을 보정한 후 남성에서는 1인가구가 다인가구에 비해 기준치보다 적게 비염장 채소와 과일을 섭취할 위험도, 그리고 김치 섭취에서는 적게먹을 위험도의 차이가 없었다. 그러나 여성에서 김치섭취에서 보정 후에도 다인가구에 비해 1인가구가 더 적게 먹을 위험도의 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해서 남성 1인가구는 다인가구에 비해 채소와 과일을 적게 섭취할 위험도의 차이가 유의하지 않지만, 여성에서는 1인가구가 다인가구에 비해 김치를 적게 먹을 위험도가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

목 적: 성인의 경우 사회경제적 수준과 위생상태, 직업, 주거환경 등이 H. pylori 감염과 관련된다고 보고되고 있으나, 소아를 대상으로 한 H. pylori 감염에 대한 역학조사는 비교적 드물다. 본 소아과학교실에서는 H. pylori 감염에 영향을 주는 생활환경 요인을 알아보고자 신촌지역 초등학교 학생들을 대상으로 하여 생활환경과 H. pylori 양성률을 조사하였다. 방 법: 신촌지역 초등학생 571명을 대상으로 하여 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성유무와 생활환경에 대한 설문조사를 시행하였다. H. pylori IgG 항체가는 GAP IgG Helicobacter pylori kit (Bio-Rad Lab, USA)를 이용하여 ELISA법으로 측정하였고, 항체 가가 15 U/mL 이상이면 양성, 15 U/mL 미만인 경우 음성으로 판정하였다. 생활환경 조사는 설문지를 이용하였고, 출생지와 월수익, 주거환경, 가족수, 형제수, 소화성궤양 및 위암의 가족력 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 대상환아는 총 571명으로 평균 연령은 $9.6{\pm}1.8$ (6~13.6)세였고, 남녀비는 1.1：1이었다. 전체 환아의 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 16.8% (96/571)였다. 연령별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 6세에서 10.4%, 7세 17.9%, 8세 11.1%, 9세 19.3%, 10세 16.5%, 11세 13.7%, 12세 이상에서 30.9%였으며(p=0.06), 성별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 남학생에서 16%, 여학생 18%였다(p=0.46). 2) 출생지별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 호남 8% (1/13), 서울 17% (66/381), 충청도 20% (1/5), 영남 20% (1/5), 경기도 24% (7/29), 강원도 75% (3/4)였다(p>0.05). 3) 소득수준별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 월소득 100만원 이하에서는 17%(10/58), 월소득 100~200만원에서는 16% (44/274), 월소득 200~500만원에서는 19% (22/117), 월소득 500만원 이상에서는 17% (2/12)였다(p=0.93). 4) 주거환경별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 아파트의 경우 25% (3/15), 단독주택의 경우 18% (64/358), 기타 17% (21/124)였다(p>0.05). 5) 가족수에 따른 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 2명 이하 13% (10/79), 3명 15% (37/250), 4명 19% (18/96), 5명 이상 30% (17/57)로 가족수가 증가할수록 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률이 유의하게 높았다 (p=0.03). 형제수별로는 1명인 경우 16% (68/420), 2명인 경우 18% (10/55), 3명 이상인 경우 33% (5/15)였다(p=0.27). 6) 위암 및 소화성궤양의 가족력 유무별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 7) 부모의 직업별 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05) 8) 연령, 소득수준, 주거환경, 가족구성원 수, 위암 및 소화성궤양의 가족력에 따른 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행한 결과 H. pylori IgG 항체 양성률과 가장 깊은 관계를 갖는 생활요인은 가족수의 증가였으며, 비교위험도는 1.5였다(p=0.003). 결 론: 서울 지역 초등학생의 H. pylori 양성률은 연령에 비례하여 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 평균 감염률은 16.7%였고, H. pylori 감염률에 영향을 미치는 유일한 생활환경적 요인은 가족 구성원의 수였으며 odds ratio는 1.5이었다. 우리 나라와 같이 비교적 대가족제도가 많은 생활환경에서는 가족구성원의 수가 H. pylori 감염률을 증가시키는 요인의 하나가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5307-5312
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer cells and tumor stroma produce different cytokines and soluble factors. Cytokines, while playing crucial roles in immune responses to tumors, also favour tumor growth and progression. IL-7 and G-CSF are two cytokines that may exert influences on the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 136 females with breast cancer before receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The control group comprised of 60 healthy age-matched females without any acute or chronic diseases with no family history of breast cancer. Serum levels of IL-7 and G-CSF were measured by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: While there was no significant difference in the level of G-CSF between patients ($92.81{\pm}594.54$ pg/ml) and controls (0.00 pg/ml), G-CSF level in sera of patients with advanced stages of breast cancer was elevated compared to early stages (p=0.0001). Moreover, the highest level of G-CSF was seen in patients with N3 phase tumors (p=0.0001). IL-7 was slightly but not significantly higher in the control group ($0.04{\pm}0.11$ pg/ml) in comparison with patients ($0.02{\pm}0.10$ pg/ml). Interestingly, a significant increase in the level of IL-7 in patients with skin involvement was observed (p=0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed an elevation of G-CSF in sera of patients with advanced stages of tumor, while IL-7 elevation correlated with skin involvement of breast cancer. IL-7 can be produced by keratinocytes in skin tissue and may be involved in the pathologic establishment of metastatic tumor cells in skin.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2017

Acyltransferase (AT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to an acceptor. ATs play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body and have been linked to various diseases; therefore, several ATs have been proposed as potential targets for the treatment or prevention of such diseases. The AT family includes acyl-CoA:cholesterol AT (ACAT), diacylglycerol AT, and monoacylglycerol AT for the metabolism of lipids. Furthermore, recent molecular biological studies revealed the existence of their isozymes with distinct functions in the body. ACAT plays a critical role in the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a potential target for treating hypercholesterolemia. During an experiment designed to discover biologically active compounds from herbal medicines, we isolated two known guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (Compositae). The lactones were characterized from their spectroscopic data (NMR, IR, MASS). These compounds were subjected to ACAT inhibition assay. Here, we report the isolation and structural elucidation of the compounds 8-o-acetyl-2-methoxy-10-hydroxy-3,11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6-olide and 8-acetyl-3,10-hydroxy-4(15),11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6-olide. In the ACAT inhibition assay, compound 1 showed strong inhibitory activity, with an $IC_{50}$ value $45{\mu}g/mL$, whereas compound 2 did not exhibit significant inhibitory activity with an over $100{\mu}g/mL$.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2016

본 연구는 서울대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 부분 무치증 환자를 대상으로 질환의 원인이 될 수 있는 돌연변이를 규명하고, 그 역할에 대하여 고찰하고자 하였다. 다수의 영구치 결손을 주소로 서울대학교 치과 병원에 내원 한 7세 여아와 어머니를 대상으로 구강검진 및 파노라마 방사선 촬영을 진행하였다. 연구 동의서를 받고, 유전자 검사를 위한 채혈을 시행하였다. PAX9 유전자의 모든 exon에 대해 특이적인 primer를 이용하여 중합효소 연쇄반응을 시행하였으며, 해당 산물을 정제하고 염기서열분석을 진행하였다. 결과는 NCBI Gene Bank와 대조하여 해당 영역의 돌연변이를 조사하였다. 7세 환아는 총 11개의 영구치 결손이 관찰되었으며, 어머니는 총 19개의 영구치 결손이 관찰되었다. 치아 결손 외에 손톱, 모발, 피부, 땀샘과 연관 된 다른 결함은 관찰되지 않았다. 유전자 분석 결과, PAX9의 exon 2 영역에서 nonsense mutation(c.184G>T, $p.Glu62^*$)을 확인하였으며, 대상자 모두에서 이형접합 돌연변이로 관찰되었다. 해당 돌연변이의 결과로 exon 2 내에서 전사 종결이 일어나게 되며, 발현 된 단백질은 정상 단백질에 비하여 280개의 아미노산이 짧은 상태로 발현된다고 추측할 수 있다. 결손된 부분은 paired box domain 및 DNA binding site 등 해당 단백질의 기능에 있어서 필수적인 영역을 포함하고 있으므로, 부분 무치증을 유발했을 가능성이 높다. 또는 해당 돌연변이의 전사체가 nonsense-mediated decay system(NMD system)에 의하여 분해됨으로써 haploinsufficiency를 유발하여 부분 무치증의 원인으로 작용했을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2006

Poisoning with mushroom containing amatoxin may be a real medical emergency and is characterized by long incubation time lag, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatotoxic phase and sometimes death. We report a family of parents and two children who ingested wild mushroom and recovered from varying degrees of hepatotoxicity. After eating cooked wild mushroom and its soup, they all developed abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea 11 hours later, Their liver enzymes reached peak level between 48 and 72 hours after the ingestion. Among the family members, 5-year-old girl showed the most severe hepatic toxicity of AST/ALT 14,099/13,176 IU/L. They were all treated with supportive measures including repeated activated charcoal and penicillin G and recovered from the hepatotoxicity between 7 and 28 days after the ingestion. Being based on the shape and a typical course of the amatoxin poisoning, we presume that this wild mushroom belongs to Amanita virosa.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study we examined the association between the genetic markers ACE (A-240T, C-93T, I/D, A2350G), AGT (M235T), AT1R (A1166C), CYP11B2 (T344C, V386A), REN (G2646A), ADRB2 (G46A, C79G, T47C, T1641), GNB3 (C825T) and ADD1 (G460W) and the presence of essential hypertension in adolescents. Methods : The Kangwha Study is an 18-year prospective study that is aimed at elucidating the determinants of the blood pressure level from childhood to early adulthood. For this study, we constructed a case-control dataset of size of 277 and 40 family trios data from the Kangwha Study. For this purpose, we perform a single locus-based case-control association study and a single locus-based TDT (transmission/disequilibrium test) study. Results : In the case-control study, the single locus-based association study indicated that the ADD1 (G460W) (p=0.0403), AGT (M235T) (p=0.0002), and REN (G2646A) (p=0.0101) markers were significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. These results were not confirmed on the TDT study. This study showed that genetic polymorphisms of the ADD1, AGT and REN genes might be related to the hypertension in Korean adolescents. Conclusions : This study provided useful information on genetics markers related to blood pressure. Further study will be needed to confirm the effect of the alpha adducin gene, the angiotensinogen gene and the renin gene on essential hypertension.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

As the immigrant population is rapidly growing in South Korea, it is important for the next generation of Korean adolescents to foster unprejudiced attitudes towards immigrants. This paper thus seeks to shed light on adolescent prejudice towards immigrants, by addressing the following three questions: (1) Does a mother's prejudice towards immigrants and parenting style influence their adolescent children's prejudice towards immigrants? (2) Does an adolescent's prejudice towards immigrants influence his/her self-identity? (3) Does an adolescent's prejudice towards immigrants influence his/her coping styles? The sample consisted of 288 pairs of Korean adolescents and their mothers. According to hierarchical regression analyses, a mother's prejudice towards immigrants significantly predicted her adolescent's prejudice towards immigrants, after taking sociodemographic variables into account, whereas her parenting style did not. In addition, having a low level of prejudice towards immigrants among adolescents predicted high levels of self-identity (e.g. independence, proprioceptive, and mission orientation), and a greater use of positive coping skills (e.g. support-seeking and problem-solving). Overall, results showed that mothers played a significant role in shaping their adolescent's prejudice towards immigrants. Results also provided evidence that prejudice towards immigrants may interfere with the healthy development of self-identity and coping style during adolescence. In conclusion, this study suggests that multicultural education for adolescents can be more effective, when it is provided in partnership with a parent education program that is designed to raise parental multicultural awareness.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.268-280
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• 2011

Background: Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with infection risk of 2.5 billion people worldwide. However, approved vaccines are still not available. Here, we explored the immune responses induced by alternating prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus expressing E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DenV2). Methods: Following immunization with DNA vaccine (pDE), adenovirus (rAd-E), and/or vaccinia virus (VV-E) expressing E protein, E protein-specific IgG and its isotypes were determined by conventional ELISA. Intracellular CD154 and cytokine staining was used for enumerating CD4+ T cells specific for E protein. E protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated by in vivo CTL killing activity and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ staining. Results: Among three constructs, VV-E induced the most potent IgG responses, Th1-type cytokine production by stimulated CD4+ T cells, and the CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, when the three constructs were used for alternating prime-boost vaccination, the results revealed a different pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. i) Priming with VV-E induced higher E-specific IgG level but it was decreased rapidly. ii) Strong CD8+ T cell responses specific for E protein were induced when VV-E was used for the priming step, and such CD8+ T cell responses were significantly boosted with pDE. iii) Priming with rAd-E induced stronger CD4+ T cell responses which subsequently boosted with pDE to a greater extent than VV-E and rAd-E. Conclusion: These results indicate that priming with live viral vector vaccines could induce different patterns of E protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses which were significantly enhanced by booster vaccination with the DNA vaccine. Therefore, our observation will provide valuable information for the establishment of optimal prime-boost vaccination against DenV.