• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1125-1134
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• 2005

Purpose: This research investigated the daily experiences of patients' lives to develop a formal theory that explains the lives of schizophrenic patients. Method: A grounded theory method(Strauss & Corbin, 1998) guided the data collection and analysis. Thirteen patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia in regional communities participated. Result: The experiences of chronic schizophrenic patients are defined as "escaping from a fallen mine" comparing their suffering to that of entrapped miners trying to free themselves from a collapsed mine tunnel with much difficulty and without hope. In observing participant's time lines of having lived with chronic schizophrenia, it advances with 'surrender', 'collapse', 'reaching out', 'rising', 'preparing to spring up', and 'starting anew'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the experience of a chronic schizophrenic patient is like that of a miner caught under a fallen mine channel, who, without external help cannot escape the depths 'Of the mine, but at the same time must have conviction and hope of rescue and avert fear to cooperate with outside help. The result indicates that family members, doctors and nurses as well as an institute's persistent and active support is most critical for the patient's adjustment to social life.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study compared the antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content of three Pinus plants (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of the water fraction of methanol extract of fresh leaves was stronger than that of fallen leaves at any concentrations. The water fraction of crude methanol extract from fresh leaves of P. thunbergii showed a higher growth inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria than that of P. densiflora and P. rigida. The results from the disc diffusion method followed by measurements of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) indicate that Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive microorganism with the lowest MIC value. The highest total phenolic content was found in fresh leaves of P. rigida and P. thunbergii. The assay showed that the fresh leaves of the three Pinus plants contained higher total phenolic content than fallen leaves of the three plants. The antimicrobial activity was related with the total phenolic content.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; Group I (distilled water injection), Group II (steroid injection), Group III (distilled water injection with aquatic exercise), Group IV (steroid injection with aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, muscle relative weight, myofibrillar protein content. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Body weight was decreased rapidly on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups after 2 weeks (p<0.01), but that was almost recovered as before test on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise. 2. The relative weight of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was very significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.01). 3. Myofibrillar protein content of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.05).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

In relations to cold acclimation, experiment was carried out to understand the seasonal changes in reserve substances of the mulberry. The shoot barks and leaves of three mulberry varieties(Kaeryangppong, Shinilppong and Yongcheonppong) were sampled, after that their reserve substances were analyzed. The cold hardiness of mulberry was investigated by DTA(Differential Thermal Analysis) method. To increase cold hardiness, gibberellin(100 ppm), kinetin(100 ppm) and Jambi 8 were sprayed on the mulberry leaves. After spraying, falling of the leaves of Yongcheonppong occured earier than the other varities. After the first frost, all of treatments except gibberellin were entirely fallen. Growth regulator extended the leaves fallen. After spraying, water of the shoot barks was not showed difference in the content among the treatments, but amino acid, carbohydrate and soluble protein increased from September to October. Starch content of the shoot barks and leaves was maximum in October, but thereafter decreased during wintering stage. In Shinilppong, Jambi 8 spray increased cold hardiness by 1-2$^{\circ}C$ more than no spray. It was concluded that the cold hardiness of the mulberry in midwinter is closely related to the reserve substances with spraying Jambi 8 on the mulberry leaves.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.2 s.31
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• pp.87-92
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• 1977

A barley virus disease has been severe in central Korea since 1963. To investigate the causal virus, examination of host ranges, transmission by insect vectors and · electron microscopy were conducted. In electron microscopy, particles identical with northern cereal mosaic virus were observed. The size of baciliform particles ranged from 300nm to 370nm in length and 57-60nm in diameter. The virus was transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). The latent period in the vector was seven to nineteen days, with 10 days the most prevalent. Barley, corn, wheat, rye, and oats were susceptible to the virus when inoculated by the insect vectors. It was concluded that the disease agent of the barley disease in Korea is northern cereal mosaic virus. This is the first known report of this disease in Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.676-681
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• 1998

Disease incidence of Codonopsis lanceolata was surveyed at the major cultivating fields in Chonbuk province in 1996 to 1997. The main diseases of Codonopsis lanceolata were ovserved as leaf spot caused by Septoria codonopsis, anthracnose by Glomerella cingulata, brown leaf spot by Cercospora sp., rust by Coleosporium koreanum, powdery mildew by Erysiphe sp., Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxyporum, and white root rot by Sclerotium rolfsii. Anthracnose, leaf spot and brown leaf spot occurred severely on leaves from early July to late August. They were caused early fallen leaves. Fusarium wilt and white root rot occurred severely on stem and below the soil line in late August. They resulted in withering to death or chlorosis and fallen of leaves. Disease incidence of Codonopsis lanceolata was also substantially different in occurrence with a method of cultivation in late growth stage. Fusarium wilt and white root rot were more severe with a method of no support cultivation than those with a method of support cultivation with a stick. Fusarium wilt occurred 48.8% in a method of no support cultivation but 3.1% in a method of support cultivation with a stick. And white root rot occurred 18.9% in a method of no support cultivation but 0.3% in a method of no support cultivation with a stick. Thus, it proved that soil-borne diseases could be controlled support cultivation with a stick.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1969

In this experiment, the litters of each five species of neadle-leaf trees and broad-leaf trees were laid on each pot soils, which had same soil conditions, is the green house and the sil fertility of each pots were determined after four years. Chemical properties among each pot soils under litters of needle-laef trees showed remarkable different values in the pH, base exchange capacity, total exchangeable base, base saturation, organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and calcium, and that of broad-leaf trees showed respectively significant difference. The content of chemical components, such as total exchangeable base, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchanbeable potassium, between pot soils under litters of the needle-leaf trees and the broad-leaf trees were significant at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels of the statistical probability. The fertility of soil under the influence of decayed fallen leaves is the highest value in the posts of broad-leaves and next to the pots of needle-leaves and the control pots the lowest. The pH value of the soil with various kinds of fallen leaves showed little difference among themselves, but it especially approached in the broad leaves plots gradually to neutral and hte non-treated plot showed acidity. Lespedeza bicolar and Castanea crenata are supposed to contribute to the fertility of soil. Pinus rigida showed excellent exchanged properties of soi. The leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus koraiensis did not contribute much to the promotion of fertility of soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.496-498
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• 2021

In Korea, based on the high fertility rate before 1980, the total population has been steadily increasing, and since the mid-1980s, the fertility rate has fallen sharply and has fallen below the level of population replacement. The cause of low birth rate in the region is not voluntary rejection, but rather, it is necessary to find out the cause by identifying the structural causes of the local community from various angles. We collected local Internet news and local representative cafe data, where many mothers participate, based on the budget area with a very low fertility rate among various areas. Factors of childbirth inhibition were analyzed by using the frequency of concurrent words that became issues related to population decline, low birthrate, and child-rearing welfare.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.945-953
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• 2014

This study aims to develop protective pants to relieve impact from falls and to present basic data for the development. The survey results are as follows; First, 45% of the respondents were in their 60s and 55% of them were in their over 70s and older. Also, 64% of them have fallen once for the past year and 36% of them have fallen twice or more. The older they were, the more there were those who have fallen twice or more. This indicated the older people has experienced more fall accidents again after a initial fall accident. Second, as per accident situations, the survey showed that fall accidents happened the most in the winter and in the afternoon (12-18 pm). Also, it happened on a street mostly and they were wearing sneakers or hiking boots when they got a hurt slipped in a front or side by missing their step in a walk. The injury areas are mostly knee and ankle. They had the bruises or a sprain in their knee and ankle mostly. The rate of bone fracture was 19.5%. Therefore, the protection area to falls in lower body is the knee. But hip and hip joint should be protected with knee as well because those are usually be broken when it is damaged. Third, approximately 80% of those who were hospitalized for treatment had surgery. Patients who had surgery were rather in their over 70s than in their 60s. The older they were, the more serious their fracture was. The period of hospital or outpatient treatment is more than three weeks in many cases. They responded their health got worse after falls. Aftereffects of accidents were physical discomfort, anxiety and medical costs. Falls to the old makes physical damage, psychological damage, which cause reduced physical activity and the increased cost of health care with economic losses. So it results on a negative impact on the life of the old. Fourth, elderly females were rarely aware of impact protective clothing and they have never purchased such clothing. For impact protective pants, the major consideration was suitable design for their body types. They liked casual style with front or side pockets and simple designs without any patterns or decorations. As per pants materials, they responded that they need functionality, activity and elasticity. Among the functional points, insulation of cloths are considered importantly, so the heat reservance of material in the impact protective pants should be considered carefully.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2016

Soybean leaves, a Korean edible plant material, have been reported to prevent the development of osteoporosis and breast cancer. Based on this rational, soybean fallen leaves ethanolic extract (SBFL) was used for the experiment of cell invasion related to metastasis and antioxidant activity. The effect of SBFL on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080 as well as its anti-oxidant activity was investigated in this study. The effect of SBFL on scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species was evaluated in vitro using lipid peroxidation assay,DPPH radical and reducing power assay. SBFL showed the positive effects on antioxidant activity, compared with vitamin C and vitamin E used as positive controls. Furthermore, SBFL showed cytotoxicity above 16 µg/ml in MTT assay. In particular, it was found that SBFL decreased the activation of MMP-9 stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetae (PMA) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS). SBFL treatment increased the expression levels of p-FoxO-1 and SOD-1. Moreover, SBFL inhibited cell invasion stimulated by vascular endothelial growth Factor (VEGF). These results indicate that SBFL could inhibit cell invasion related to the activation of MMP-9 and oxidative stress, suggesting that it could be available as a main ingredient for prevention of metastasis.