• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.149-170
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• 2015

State's compensation obligation accompanied in case of indirect expropriation of foreign investor's investment asset has been established definite principle under international investment law. But the concrete and unified application criterion regarding valuation methods for measuring compensation have not been established yet. The World Bank investment guideline is adopting the Hull's Formula, which is understood as the full compensation standard with prompt adequate effective compensation and Fair Market Value method. It is a general principle that compensation should be equal to the fair market value of investment asset just before indirect expropriation date. However, there is a problem of the valuation method of fair market value of investment asset. In general, discounted cash flow, liquidation value, replacement value, book value, etc. can be the applicable standards. Arbitral tribunals determine compensation by adopting proper valuation method on a case-by-case basis according to the discretion based on the arbitration parties' experts' review on the presented opinion and by considering fact relevance of the issued dispute. This compensation includes also interest, recently it tends to award according to compound interest rather than simple interest. Beginning of the period to generate interest is the next day of the indirect expropriation occurrence date. And it should be considered that interest until the payment of compensation is also included. In addition, it should be considered that mental damages is available only when there's a basis to prove this or special case. Therefore, this study suggests to review of precedents related to indirect expropriation and concretely specify compensation valuation standard and method of indirect expropriation on investment agreements through enough consultation beforehand.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2017

2016년 통계청의 자료에 따르면 법인의 직무발명 비중이 늘어나고 있음에도 불구하고, 정당한 직무발명보상을 실시하지 않는 기업은 56.9%나 되는 것으로 집계되었다. 하나의 원인은 객관적인 특허 기여율 산출 방식과 정당한 보상의 명확한 기준이 정립되지 못했기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 정당한 직무발명 보상금 산정을 위해 DCF (Discounted cash flow)와 AHP (Analytical hiearchy process) 방법론을 활용한 새로운 특허 기여율 산출 방식을 제시하고 이를 활용하여 실제 사례를 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과 기존 판례의 보상금 산정보다 2.3배 높은 금액이 산정되었으며 이는 정당한 보상금 산정에 있어 명확한 기준이 정립되지 않아 발명자 보호에 매우 미흡한 현 상황에서 조금 더 발명자를 보호할 수 있는 객관적인 보상금 산정 기준을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 방법론은 계산방법과 절차가 단순하여 중소기업을 위한 직무발명 보상 기법으로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 공공병원 직원의 직종별 의사소통, 동기부여, 상호신뢰감, 근무환경, 공정한 보상, 직무성과 만족의 차이점을 살펴 본 후 조직성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 통해 공공병원 직원들의 조직성과를 극대화 할 수 있는 대안을 제시 하였다. 조사기간은 2014년 10월 05일부터 10월 31일까지 하였으며, 공공병원에서 근무하고 있는 232명으로부터 자료를 수집하여 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석방법은 ANOVA분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 결론을 보면 직종별로 의사소통, 동기부여, 상호신뢰감, 근무환경, 공정한 보상, 직무성과 만족에서 p<0.05이상에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 조직성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 간호직은 의사소통, 공정한 보상(p<0.001)이 진료지원직은 연령, 고용형태(p<0.05), 공정한 보상(p<0.001), 행정직은 동기부여, 공정한 보상(p<0.05)이 조직성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 앞으로 병원 직원의 직종별에 대한 효율적인 인적자원관리 시스템이 필요하며, 조직구성들이 소속감을 고취시킬 수 있는 인적자원관리 개선 노력이 선행되어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권2A호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 MAC 계층 이하에 존재하는 링크 계층 재전송 기법과 잘 부합할 수 있는 새로운 무선 패킷 스케줄링 알고리즘인 WFQ-R (Wireless Fair Queueing with Retransmission) 알고리즘을 제안한다. WFQ-R 알고리즘에서 링크 계층 재전송에 의해 사용된 자원은 재전송을 수행한 플로우(flow)가 다른 플로우들에게 미리 차용한 자원으로 취급한다. 즉 MAC 계층 이하의 재전송 과정에서 패킷 스케줄러의 허락 없이 사용되어진 자원을 재전송을 수행한 플로우에게 책임 지움으로써 WFQ-R 알고리즘은 무선 공평성(fairness)을 획득할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통하여 WFQ-R 알고리즘기 공평성을 유지함과 동시에 시스템 성능을 최대화 함을 보인다. 또 플로우 구분성(seperation)과 보상성(compensation)도 획득할 수 있음도 보인다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

We investigate the appropriateness of the fixed 12% discount rate to be used in estimating the amount of compensation for revoking a license for fishery business by the Enforcement Decree of Fisheries Act in Korea. We also suggest the appropriate discount rate fully reflecting the change of market interest rate in the Korean financial market. The capital asset pricing model, or, CAPM is the best known model of risk and return, and is widely used to estimate the expected rate of return for the risky projects. Even though the CAPM implies that the discount rate or the expected rate of return should change as the related market factors do, the discount rate used to estimate compensation for revoking a license for fishery business remains to be the same 12% rate for the last 15 years by law. During this period, however, the yield to maturity for the 5-year government bonds in Korea has dramatically changed from about 12% to less than 3%. In order to provide the fair compensation for the damages against the coastal fisheries and evaluate the intrinsic value of fishery resources in the coastal areas, we suggest that the appropriate discount rate should be determined by the yield to maturity of the government bonds with 5-year maturity, instead of the current fixed 12% interest rate.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Purpose: The present research is to explore and investigate the meaningful difference between job-based pay and skill-based pay in the current literature to shed light on the advantages and caveats of two compensation approach, providing direction for human resource practitioners looking to develop efficient and fair compensation plans. Research design, data and methodology: The methodology based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for this research. The PRISMA technique is generally considered the gold standard since it guarantees openness, repeatability, and rigor. Studies comparing salaries based on work duties versus those based on individual skills published in English and accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals are eligible for inclusion. Results: According to the comprehensive literature analysis, the present research provides clear comparison between Job-based pay and skilled-based pay, pointing out a similarity and four differences (1. Criteria for pay determination, 2. Flexibility, 2. Job Scope, and 4. Career progression. Conclusions: The result of the current research implies that human resource professionals would be well to learn the effects of various compensation structures on career advancement, and suggests for them that employees can take advantage of chances to advance in their careers based on right compensation schemes.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2009

This paper compares the accounting standards for stock option of Japan and Korea. Especially, tire setting process of accounting standards for stock option, accounting methods and disclosures for stock option in two countries are analyzed. The results provide that two countries shaw different characteristics in accounting standards for stock option. First, in Japan, acquired services are reported as compensation costs and capital adjustments. On the other hand, in Korea, in case of cash-settled share- based payment transactions, acquired services are reported as compensation costs and capital adjustments, but in case of equity-settled share- based payment transactions, acquired services are reported as compensation costs and debt. Second, when tire stock option rights are abandoned, they are reported as extraordinary items in Japan and are reported as other surplus in Korea. Third, though both countries do not choose specific stock option pricing model, Japan prefers Black-Sholes Model and Korea regards binomial model as proper model.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2023

입찰담합은 공공건설공사에서 빈번히 발생하는 문제로, 관련 당국에서는 적절한 제재가 필요하다. 본 연구는 민사적 측면과 형사적 측면을 모두 고려하여 입찰담합을 차단하기 위한 최적의 집행모델의 필요성을 분석하였다. 최근에는 공정거래위원회에서 과징금을 부과하고 발주처에서 민사상 손해배상 소송을 제기하는 등 공정거래법상 제재가 중첩되는 경우가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설공사 입찰담합에 대한 중복제재 가능성에 대한 과징금 및 보상체계의 실효성을 평가하는 것이다. 공정거래법상 중복제재가 제도개선에 도움이 된다는 결과를 얻었다. 다만 국가가 원고인 손해배상 소송에서는 과징금 및 형량 등을 고려해야 하며, 공동행위에 대한 과징금을 감면하고, 확정판결 후 과징금을 환급하며, 과징금 부과 시 손해배상 제도 등을 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 제재 및 보상의 개선 효과를 분석하여 공공건설공사의 입찰담합을 억제하기 위한 효율적인 집행모델 개발에 기여한다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-153
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• 2000

During the last several decades, Korea has been regarded as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, the small size of national land has not met the vigorous demand for land necessary to develop economic infra-structures such as large-scale harbors airports and highways. In order to satisfy the growing demand for land, the Korean government and industry have implemented the national land development programs to reclaim land from the sea fur the several decades. It is certain that these land development programs have resulted in a lot of property disputes between fishermen and public project administrators. This paper is to develop a quantitative model to estimate compensation for damages or restriction of charted fisheries resulting from large-scale public projects. In this paper, the compensation model is derived by using cost-volume-profit analysis framework because the compensation for charted fisheries basically depends on the factors such as the costs, production volume, profit of charted fisheries damaged or restricted by public projects. The model shows that the compensation for damages or restriction of charted fisheries is determined by the average annual profit, damage duration period, and the degree of fishery damages. In addition, the degree of fishery damages measured by the ratio of lost profit to annual average profit turns out to be determined by the following factors: annul profit, unit variable cost, decrease in production volume, the rate of increase in variable cost, and a change in fixed cost. Furthermore, this parer discusses the nam issues related to practices and regulation of the compensation for fishery damages in the current Fishery Act of Korea and suggests some appraisal methods which will be able to lead to theoretically correct and fair compensation for fisheries damages resulting from large-scale public projects.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2018

This study aims to review various efforts required by medical institutions to prevent medical accidents in advance and to suggest the necessity of introducing liability insurance for medical accidents based on cases abroad and compulsory professional indemnity insurance at home. Over the past five years between 2013 and 2017, the number of inquiries regarding medical accidents and medical disputes has increased by 11.1 percent from 36,099 to 54,929, and the number of mediation and arbitration for medical disputes has increased by 14.3 percent from 1,304 to 2,225. Since some medical accidents even cause social problems, a compulsory insurance system for the liability of medical institutions for damages need to be introduced to promptly compensate the victims of medical accidents and to ensure compensation by medical personnel. In Korea, a system is in place to provide compensation for a client who suffers an accidental damage after receiving professional services, regardless of whether or not the professional service provider can provide compensation. In major foreign countries, a medical liability system is in place that is applied either by the principle of liability with fault, or the principle of liability without fault. In this study, the cases of compulsory insurance and semi-compulsory insurance in the US and Japan to which the principle of liability with fault is applied, as well as the case of New Zealand to which the principle of liability without fault is applied, were examined. It is necessary to urgently introduce the compulsory insurance system for the liability of compensation to prevent medical disputes and to compensate for the life and physical damages of the victims of medical accidents in domestic medical institutions. Doing so is expected to ensure fair compensation for the victims of medical malpractice and compensation by medical personnel, thereby improving medical practice.