• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2022

The objective of this research is to study experimentally the behavior of stiffened steel tubes (CFSTs). Considered parameters are stiffening methods by through-bolts or shear connectors with different configurations. In addition, the effect of global (ratio between length to diameter) and local (proportion between diameter to thickness) slenderness ratios are investigated. Load application either applied on steel only or both steel and concrete is studied as well. Case of loading on steel only happens when concrete inside the column shrinks. The purpose of the research is to improve the behavior of CFSTs by load transfer between them and different stiffening methods. A parametric experimental study that incorporates thirty-three specimens is carried out to highlight the impact of those parameters. Different outputs are recorded for every specimen such as load capacities, vertical deflections, longitudinal strains, and hoop strains. Two modes of failure occur, yielding and global buckling. Shear connectors and through-bolts improve the ultimate load by up to 5% for sections loaded at steel with different studied global slenderness and local slenderness equal 63.5. Meanwhile, shear connectors or through bolts increase the ultimate load by up to 6% for global slenderness up to 15.75 for sections loaded on composite with local slenderness equals 63.50. Recommendations for future design code development are outlined.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2022

Although pipe performs various functions in industrial sites and residential spaces, if it is damaged due to corrosion caused by the external environment, it may cause equipment failure or a major accident. For this reason, various studies for safety management are being conducted, but studies on detecting corrosion or cracks on the pipe surface using a laser displacement sensor have hardly been conducted. Therefore, in this study, the corrosion degree of the pipe surface was compared and classified into 4 corrosion conditions, and inspection equipment using a laser scanner was manufactured. The corrosion height was calculated from the four surface data obtained from the measuring equipment and applied to various CNN algorithms, and 91% accuracy was obtained during training using the Modified VGGNet16 code with reduced number of parameters.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2023

This study presents a dry precast concrete (PC) beam-column connection, and its target seismic performance level is set to be emulative to the reinforced concrete (RC) intermediate moment resisting frame system specified in ACI 318 and ASCE 7. The key features include self-sustaining ability during construction with the dry mechanical splicing method, enabling emulative connection performances and better constructability. Test specimens with code-compliant seismic details were fabricated and tested under reversed cyclic loading, which included a PC beam-column connection specimen with dry connections and an RC control specimen. The test results showed that all the specimens failed in a similar failure mode due to plastic deformations in beam members, while the hysteretic response curve of the PC specimen showed comparable and emulative performances compared to the RC specimen. Seismic performance evaluation was quantitatively addressed, and on this basis, it confirmed that the presented system can fully satisfy all the required performance for the intermediate RC moment resisting frame.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2007

하중저항계수설계법(LRFD)은 세계적으로 지반공학적 설계의 실무에서 사용이 증가하고 있으며 머지않아 현재의 허용응력설계법(ASD)을 완전히 대체할 것으로 예상된다. 하중저항계수설계법은 신뢰도해석(Reliability analysis)을 바탕으로 파괴확률을 정량화하여 상부구조물과 하부구조물을 일관된 신뢰도 수준으로 설계할 수 있게 하는 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 저항계수는 단지 무결암 상태일 경우에 대하여 AASHTO에 의해 제시되어 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우, 말뚝이 근입되는 대부분의 기반암은 심하게 풍화되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 풍화암(흔히 IGM)에 대한 저항계수를 산정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 풍화암에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 저항계수를 산정하기 위하여 신뢰도 해석을 수행하였다. 4개 현장에서 수행된 21본의 재하시험자료가 분석에 사용되었으며, 말뚝지지력을 계산하는 방법에 따라 저항계수는 $0.1{\sim}0.6$의 범위 내에서 산정되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2023

Deformed fuel rods can cause a partial blockage of the flow area in a subchannel. Such flow blockage will influence the core coolant flow and further the core heat transfer during the reflooding phase and subsequent severe accidents. Nevertheless, most of the system analysis codes simulate the accident process based on the assumed flow blockage ratio, resulting in inconsistencies between simulated results and actual conditions. This paper aims to study the influence of flow blockage in severe accident scenario of the CAP1400 reactor. First, the flow blockage model of ISAA code is improved based on the FRTMB module. Then, the ISAA-FRTMB coupling system is adopted to model and calculate the QUENCH-LOCA-0 experiment. The correctness and validity of the flow blockage model are verified by comparing the peak cladding temperature. Finally, the DVI Line-SBLOCA accident is induced to analyze the influence of flow blockage on subsequent CAP1400 reactor core heat transfer and core degradation. From the results of the DVI Line-SBLOCA accident analysis, it can be concluded that the blockage ratio is in the range of 40%-60%, and the position of severe blockage is the same as that of cladding rupture. The blockage reduces the circulation area of the core coolant, which in turn impacts the heat exchange between the core and the coolant, leading to the early failure and collapse of some core assemblies and accelerating the core degradation process.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권5A호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2009

연속경간 강합성 플레이트 거더 및 박스 거더 단면을 현 도로교설계기준의 허용응력설계법(ASD)과 AASHTO-LRFD 설계기준에 근거하여 최근 교량설계핵심기술연구단을 중심으로 제안된 하중저항계수설계법으로 설계하였다. 두 방법으로 설계된 강거더 단면의 강재량과 구조성능을 분석하였으며, 휨파괴에 대한 신뢰도해석을 수행하고 신뢰도지수를 비교 및 분석하였다. ASD법으로 설계 시에는 현 도로교설계기준에 규정된 DB-24 및 DL-24 설계활하중을, LRFD법으로 설계 시에는 최근 국내 통행차량 측정결과 통계에 근거하여 제안된 설계활하중을 적용하였다. 3경간 연속교의 경간비를 4:5:4로 가정하고 중앙부 최대경간장은 30~80 m를 고려하였다. 두 방법으로 설계된 강합성거더 단면의 휨파괴에 대한 신뢰도해석은 국내에서 생산된 16,000여 구조용 강재 표본의 항복강도 통계적 특성이 반영된 휨저항강도의 통계를 이용하여 수행하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.349-361
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• 2024

Excessive torsional behaviour is one of the major reasons for failure of buildings, as inferred from past earthquakes. Numerous seismic codes across the world specify a displacement-based or drift-based criterion for classifying buildings as torsionally irregular. In recent years, quite a few researchers have pointed out some of the inherent deficiencies associated with the current codal guidelines on torsional irregularity. This short communication paper aims to envisage the need for a revision of the displacement-based guidelines on torsional irregularity, and further highlight the appropriateness of a rotation-based criterion. A set of 6 reinforced concrete building models with asymmetric shear walls are analysed using ETABS v18.0.2, by varying the number of stories from 1 to 9, and the torsional irregularity coefficient of various stories is calculated using the displacement-based formula. Since rotation about the vertical axis is a direct indication of the twist experienced by a building, the calculated torsional irregularity coefficients of all stories are compared with the corresponding floor rotations. The conflicting results obtained for the torsional irregularity coefficients are projected through five categories, namely mismatch with floor rotations, inconsistency in trend, lack of clarity in incorporation of negative values, sensitivity to low values of displacement and error conceived in the mathematical formulation. The findings indicate that the irregularity coefficient does not accurately represent the torsional behaviour of buildings in a realistic sense. The Indian seismic code-based values of 1.2 and 1.4, which are used to characterize buildings as torsionally irregular are observed to be highly sensitive to the numerical values of displacements, rather than the actual degree of rotation. The study thus emphasizes the revision of current guidelines based on a more relevant rotation-based or eccentricity-based approach.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2024

Due to the fast development of constructions in recent years, there has been a rapid consumption of fresh water and river sand. In the production of concrete, alternatives such as sea water and sea sand are available. The near surface mounted (NSM) technique is one of the most important methods of strengthening. Aluminum alloy (AA) bars are non-rusting and suitable for usage with sea water and sand concrete (SSC). The goal of this study was to enhance the shear behaviour of SSC-beams strengthened with NSM AA bars. Twenty-four RC beams were cast from fresh water river sand concrete (FRC) and SSC before being tested in four-point flexure. All beams are the same size and have the same internal reinforcement. The major factors are the concrete type (FRC or SSC), the concrete degree (C25 or C50 with compressive strength = 25 and 50 MPa, respectively), the presence of AA bars for strengthening, the direction of AA bar reinforcement (vertical or diagonal), and the AA bar ratio (0, 0.5, 1, 1.25 and 2 %). The beams' failure mechanism, load-displacement response, ultimate capacity, and ductility were investigated. Maximum load and ductility of C25-FRC-specimens with vertical and diagonal AA bar ratios (1%) were 100,174 % and 140, 205.5 % greater, respectively, than a matching control specimen. The ultimate load and ductility of all SSC-beams were 16-28 % and 11.3-87 % greater, respectively, for different AA bar methods than that of FRC-beams. The ultimate load and ductility of C25-SSC-beams vertically strengthened with AA bar ratios were 66.7-172.7 % and 89.6-267.9 % higher than the unstrengthened beam, respectively. When compared to unstrengthened beams, the ultimate load and ductility of C50-SSC-beams vertically reinforced with AA bar ratios rose by 50-120 % and 45.4-336.1 %, respectively. National code proposed formulae were utilized to determine the theoretical load of tested beams and compared to matching experimental results. The predicted theoretical loads were found to be close to the experimental values.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2013

Objectives: Asbestos fibers are accumulated in negative pressure unit (NPU) or vacuum cleaner in asbestos removal. Failure of operation or poor use performance of the NPU or vacuum cleaner causes asbestos fibers to spread in the air. Asbestos contractors should have an NPU fitted with a HEPA , vacuum cleaner, decontamination area, respirators, wetting equipment, and differential pressure manometer to register with the Ministry of Employment and Labor. There should be performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. But there are none such criteria used in asbestos removal. This study was performed to investigate international or national performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. Methods: Regulations, approved code of practice, guidance and national standards of the UK, USA and Korea were reviewed. A survey was done to investigate the requirements for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea. Results: Air flow of NPUs used in Korea usually covers from$500m^3/h$ to over $3000m^3/h$. Some requirements for NPUs used in Korea were missing compared to the requirements of British standards for NPUs. All NPUs have different missing requirements. The UK also has separate British standard for leak tests for NPUs. Highly hazardous class vacuum cleaners should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. It has national standards on the operation of vacuum cleaners used in asbestos removal. There is only a certification system for less than 2.5kw rated voltage vacuum cleaners for home use in Korea. Powered (-assisted) respirators with mask are recommended in asbestos removal. Type 5 coveralls should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. There are international standards for requirements and leak tests of type 5 coveralls. A manometer for measuring differential pressure is needed in asbestos removal. The manometer's measuring range should cover less than ${\pm}125$ Pa and the gradation of manometer should be less than 2.5 Pa. The definition of decontamination area should be corrected. Installation of airlock and minimum area should be considered in decontamination area. Conclusions: Equipment should be used in asbestos removal proper performance and no leaks. There should be a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal. This study can help to a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 고인성 시멘트 복합체(ECC)가 적용된 날개벽 요소의 면 접합방식에 따른 평가를 실시하였다. 또한 비내진상세를 갖는 RC 골조에 ECC날개벽 요소 보강하여 보강 유무에 따른 내진성능평가를 실시하였다. 면 접합 방법에 따른 거동 특성을 비교하기 위하여 2면 접합은 상 하부 보에 3면 접합은 상 하부 보 및 기둥에 접합하여 실험을 실시 하였다. 또한 비내진상세를 갖는 기존 구조체와의 일체로 거동하는 합성거동을 위해 3면 접합 방식으로 ECC날개벽 요소 보강을 실시하였다. ECC날개벽 요소 실험과 골조 실험은 점증되는 층간변위에 따라 2회씩 반복가력하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 ECC 날개벽 요소 실험체의 경우 3면 접합이 2면 접합보다 우수한 내진성능 나타내었다. 각각의 실험체는 우수한 재료 특성으로 인하여 미세한 다수의 균열이 ECC날개벽 요소 전면에 폭넓게 분포하였다. 또한 보통 콘크리트와 달리 최대강도 이후 연성적인 거동을 나타내었으며, 이에 우수한 에너지소산능력을 나타내었다. ECC날개벽 요소를 보강한 실험체와 기존 골조에서는 ECC날개벽 요소 보강에 따른 최대강도 이후 연성적인 거동을 나타내었다. 이에 따라 에너지소산능력이 증가하였으며, 강성저하 또한 완만한 곡선을 나타내며 기존 골조보다 우수한 내진특성을 나타내었다. 이에 ECC 날개벽 요소의 보강이 비내진상세를 갖는 구조체에 우수한 내진 특성을 부여하는 판단된다.