• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2017

National reference standards (NRSs) for biologics are established through potency estimation by a multi-center joint study of standard materials used in the approval process for national lot release and quality control of vaccines, blood products, and other biologics. In this study, a stability evaluation was conducted to determine whether the potency of NRSs for six blood products was being maintained at a consistent level in Korea. The present study conducted real-time stability tests via in-vivo/in-vitro bioassay on NRSs for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard), antithrombin concentrate, prekallikrein activator, anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin, blood coagulation factor IX concentrate, and anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin, as well as a trend analysis using cumulative annual results. The real-time stability test results showed that the mean potency of six NRSs was all within the control limit. In the trend analysis, the potency of NRS for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard) showed a decreasing trend, while the potency of all other products had been stably maintained. The present study confirmed that the mean potency of NRSs for six blood products had been stably maintained in Korea. The findings of the present study establish a foundation that can ensure the quality of NRSs for biologics in Korea, and it is expected to make a major contribution to the supply of high-quality biologics.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2003

Objective : Hemophilia, a genetically determined disorder, is characterized by abnormality of the coagulation mechanism due to functional deficiency of a specific factor, namely VIII or IX. In this study, the effect of Dong-Si acupuncture therapy on the cerebral hemorrhage patient with hemophilia was evaluated. Methods : We treated him with acupuncture by stimulating Dong-Si acupuncture point(Yuk Wan) and assessed the effect by using manual dynamic evaluation of MRC(Medical Research Council) and Modified Barthel Index. Results : After treatment, the bleeding tendency was grossly reduced and bleeding lesion was absorbed gradually. And manual dynamic evaluation of the upper extremity increased from 4 grade to 5 grade. Conclusions : This result suggest that Dong-Si acupuncture therapy on the cerebral hemorrhage patient with hemophilia was effective. And futher studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of Dong-Si acupuncture therapy for treating hemorrhagic diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1664-1674
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• 2016

This research analyzed the effect of ${\beta}$-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. ${\beta}$-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated by E. coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of ${\beta}$-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the ${\beta}$-glucan, and the inhibitory ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, ${\beta}$-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by the E. coli LPS. Overall, the ${\beta}$-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by the E. coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by ${\beta}$-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, ${\beta}$-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived bioactive molecule that is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In the current study, we investigated the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on the production of NO in murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a pathogen related to inflammatory periodontal disease, and tried to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: LPS was isolated from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 cells by the standard hot phenol-water method. The concentration of NO in cell culture supernatants was determined by measuring the accumulation of nitrite. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ $(I{\kappa}B)-{\alpha}$ degradation, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation were analyzed via immunoblotting. Results: Quercetin significantly attenuated iNOS-derived NO production in RAW246.7 cells activated by P. intermedia LPS. In addition, quercetin induced HO-1 protein expression in cells activated with P. intermedia LPS. Tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, abolished the inhibitory effect of quercetin on LPS-induced NO production. Quercetin did not affect the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 induced by P. intermedia LPS. The degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ induced by P. intermedia LPS was inhibited when the cells were treated with quercetin. Quercetin also inhibited LPS-induced STAT1 signaling. Conclusions: Quercetin significantly inhibits iNOS-derived NO production in murine macrophages activated by P. intermedia LPS via anti-inflammatory HO-1 induction and inhibition of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ and STAT1 signaling pathways. Our study suggests that quercetin may contribute to the modulation of host-destructive responses mediated by NO and appears to have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory periodontal disease.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

The commercially available Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins were modified with macrocyclic protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) or tetrakis(p-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) to enhance the adsorption capacity for phenol and chlorophenols. The chemically modified polymeric adsorbents (XAD-2+PPIX, XAD-2+TCPP, XAD-4+PPIX, and XAD-4+TCPP) were applied to the solid phase extraction as an adsorbent material for the preconcentration of phenol and chlorophenols in environmental waters. Generally, the synthesized adsorbents showed higher recoveries than underivatized adsorbents, XAD-2 and XAD-4, without matrix interferences. Especially, XAD-4+PPIX showed more than 90% recoveries for all compounds used in this study including hydrophilic phenol. The major factor for the increase of the adsorption capacity was the increase of $\pi$-$\pi$ interaction between adsorbents and samples due to the introduction of the porphyrin molecule. However, the breakthrough volumes and recovery values of the XADs+TCPP columns were slightly decreased for the bulky chlorophenols such as TCP and PCP. Using molecular mechanics methods, the structures of TCPP and PPIX were compared with that of porphine, the parent molecule of porphyrin. Four bulky p-carboxyphenyl groups of TCPP were torsional each other, thus the molecular plane of TCPP were not on the same level. In conclusion, the decrease of breakthrough volumes and recovery values of XADs+TCPP columns for bulky phenols can be explained by the steric hindrance of the $\pi$-$\pi$ interaction between porphyrin plane and the phenols.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Atractylodes macrocephala has been used for renal anorexia, gastroenteritis, cold, dyspepsia in Korean folk medicine. Specially aerial parts has been eaten as edible mountain herbs. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity the activity guided fractionation and isolation of physiologically active substance were peformed. For the investigation of the active components from Atractylodes macrocephala MeOH extracts of aerial parts of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi L. were suspended with H$_2$O, partitioned by CHCl$_3$. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidative activity the activity guided fractionation and isolation of physiologically active substance were peformed. CHCl$_3$, H$_2$O, 30% MeOH, 60% MeOH, MeOH fractions were examined antioxidative activity by DPPH method. It was revealed that 30% MeOH and 60% MeOH fractions have significantly antioxidant activity. From 30% MeOH and 60% MeOH fraction, six flavonoids (7-methoxy-pinocembrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, apige nin-8-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 4'-caffeoyl-luteolin-6-glucopyranoside, luteloin-6-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-6-C-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin) and four phenylpropanoids (3-feruloylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, feruloyl acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) were isolated. To investigate the antioxidant activities of each compounds, we measured radical scavening activity with DPPH method and anti-lipid peroxidative efficacy on low density lipoprotein (LDL) with TBARS assay. Six compounds (III, IV, V, VI, IX, X) which have antioxidant factor showed significant activities.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.307-309
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• 1999

판막수술 후 반드시 투여해야 하는 항응고제로 인한 피부괴사증은 매우 드문 합병증으로 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지는 않았지만 항응고제의 초기 투여시 제2, 9, 10 응고인자에 비해 C 단백질이 급격하게 감소하기 때문에 나타나는 일시적인 과응고 현상이다. 저자들은 다중판막 치환술 1개월 후에 양측 유방부위에 발생한 광범위한 피부괴사증을 경험하였다. 진단 즉시 \ulcorner파린 투여를 중단하고 저분자량의 헤파린으로 대치하였으며 피부괴사증은 5일 후 치유가 되었고 그 후 다시 와파린 투여를 저용량부터 시작하여 서서히 증량해가며 저분자량 헤파린 투여를 중단할 수 있었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한병리학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2018

Background: The up-regulation of the lipogenic pathway has been reported in many types of malignant tumors. However, its pathogenic role or clinical significance is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the expression levels of adipophilin and related hypoxic signaling proteins and to determine their prognostic impacts and associations with the pathologic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Expression levels of adipophilin, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), carbonic anhydrase IX, and hypoxia-inducible factor $1{\alpha}$ were examined by immunohistochemical staining using tissue microarray blocks. Correlations between protein expression levels and various clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Results: A total of 230 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung were enrolled in this study. Adipophilin expression was more frequent in males and with the solid histologic type. It was correlated with HSP27 expression. Patients with adipophilin-positive adenocarcinoma showed a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS, 17.2 months vs 18.4 months) in a univariable survival analysis, whereas HSP27 positivity correlated with favorable overall survival (OS) and PFS. In a multivariable analysis, adipophilin and HSP27 were independent prognostic markers of both OS and PFS. Conclusions: Activated lipid metabolism and the hypoxic signaling pathway might play a major role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, especially in the solid histologic type.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2012

Objectives : Allium Hookeri (AH) is a traditional herb to treat inflammatory diseases in India and Myanmar. Recently, AH cultivation was succeeded in South Korea. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Korean AH in RAW264.7 cells, mouse macrophage cell line. Methods : To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of root of AH, we prepared the 70% ethanol extract, then we examined the productions of nitrite, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. To examine the nitrite, and cytokines, the RAW264.7 cells were treated with AH, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 ng/ml) for 24 h. Then the cells were harvested for griess assay, ELISA and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also to detect the ability of AH to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), we examined the HO-1 expression using real time RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, we examined the mitogen activated-protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation to find out the underlying mechanisms. Results : AH ethanol extract significantly inhibited the productions of nitrite and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$. AH treatment increased the HO-1 expression dramatically at 1 h, then peaked at 3 h. When the HO-1 was inhibited by tin (Sn) protoporphryin-IX (SnPP), the anti-inflammatory action of AH was reversed. AH treatment inhibited the activation of p38, but not extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK) and also the degradation of inhibitory kappa B a (Ik-$B{\alpha}$) in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : These data could suggest that AH exerts anti-inflammatory influences through up-regulation of HO-1 and deactivation of p38.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Objectives : Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) has been traditionally used to treat muscular convulsion and pain in South Korea. According to recent studies, JGT has been reported to have anti-depression, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetics, anti-spasm and analgesic effects, but studies on its anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effect have not been deeply conducted. Thus, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of JGT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse microglia cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of JGT on BV2 microglial cells, we examined the production of nitric oxide (NO) using griess assay, and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1𝛽, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-𝛼 using real time RT-PCR. Furthermore, to determine the regulating mechanisms of JGT, we investigated the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 by real time RT-PCR. Results : Pre-treatment of JGT effectively decreased NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells at concentrations without cytotoxicity. Additionally, JGT significantly suppressed the production of IL-1𝛽, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, JGT activated the HO-1 expression, which is one of the immunomodulatory signaling molecules. And the abolishment of HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP, the HO-1 inhibitor) reversed the anti- inflammatory activity of JGT in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Conclusions : Our results suggest that the JGT has anti-neuroinflammatory effect through the activation of HO-1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Thereby, JGT could expected to be used for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disease related to neuroinflammation.