• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1977

The improvement of civil registration reguires continuous study rather than periodic efforts. More and better statistics, however, are urgently required to formulate development programs and planning. Data obtainable from the civil registration are usually marred by errors of omission which are difficult to correct. This study aimed at finding out the problems occuring when a set of crude birth registration data in a rural area is used. Data Sources of this study are: 1) For birth registration: government birth registration records obtained from myun office and other government offices. 2) For the actual number of births: birth and child records from the Kang Wha Community Health Project The study area is Sunwon Myun and Naega Myun in Kang Wha Gun, Gyunggido. The referrance period for the accumulated data is one full year: Jan. 1st 1975-Dec. 31st 1975 Major findings are as follows: If the number of registered births is compared with the actual number of births which occured in the target area, the former is far greater than the latter. The general assumption usually is, that the actual number of births exceeds the registered number of birth in Korea. The observation from this specific study in this specific target area, shows the opporsite trend. The number of births which were registered is 550. This is more than two times as much as the number of births which actually occured during the year of 1975 in the study area namely 256. The difference comes mainly from the fact that many cases of births from other areas were registered in the target area. In other words birth is not registered where it occured but where the permanent residence adress is. Among 550 births registered in the target area 66% did not occur in the target area. Only one third of all registered births were registered within the legal period for birth registration which is 2 weeks. 34% of the registered births actually occured in 1974, but were registered in 1975. In 55% of the cases a difference was observed between the actual date of birth and the registered date of birth. From the 256 births which occured in the target area, only 153 births (59%) were registered at the myun office and the remaining 130 births (41%) were not resistered there in the year of study. 6% of the 550 cases listed as registered have no seperate registration sheets. Nevertheless, they definitly have been registered in the birth list at the myun office. 3% of the 550 cases are not recorded in this list but have a separate registration sheet at the myun office. In conclusion, birth registration data have many errors and problems. Their usefulness as. a source for vital and other statistics should be reconsidered. A series of sound methological studies will be necessary to establish their actual usefulness. A continuous and permanent compulsory system of birth recording is needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.456-466
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• 2013

부동산 개발사업에서 가장 중요한 의사결정 포인트는 사업성이다. 사업성을 확보하기 위해서는 무엇보다 주어진 분양가 아래에서 토지비와 공사비 등 비용을 최소화하는 것이다. 도시형 생활주택과 오피스텔, 호텔, 상업시설 등 분양형 부동산을 중심으로 204개 프로젝트의 사업수지분석표를 수집해 문헌 고찰 및 통계학적, 실증적 방법으로 비교 분석한 결과, 구성요소 가운데 수익률에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소는 지상연면적당 토지비로 확인됐다. 다중선형회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 지상연면적당 토지비는 용적률과 관련된 단위면적당 요소비용으로서 부동산 개발사업의 경상이익률을 결정하는 데 가장 큰 음(-)의 영향력을 보여줬다. 지상연면적당 토지매입비는 주거용에 비해 상업용 부동산 개발사업에서는 이익률에 영향을 미치는 정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건축비는 분양가 상한제 적용시 정부 고시 표준건축비를 적용하는 등 건물층수에 따라 일부 차등화 되지만 프로젝트의 수익성을 좌우할 정도로 큰 영향력을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 부동산 개발사업의 수익성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사업수지분석표상 제반 요인들의 비중을 분석하고 이들을 적합하게 산정하는 일은 개발사업의 수익성 향상 및 리스크 관리를 위한 의사결정에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this study is to determine the present state of patients with breast cancer use of Korean medicine(KM) and predictive factors for the use. Through this, the present study is intended to present reasonable treatment approaches for patients with breast cancer as well as communicating correct information on KM to healthcare providers and presenting objective alternatives for patients with breast cancer management based on the subjects' experience in health benefits obtained from their use of KM. Methods : To collect data for the present study, questionnaire surveys were conducted on outpatients who visited four hospitals located in Seoul, Korea during around three weeks from May 31, 2012. Although the total number of the questionnaire sheet distributed in the form of directly asking questionnaire questions was 300, 12 incomplete questionnaire sheets were excluded. Therefore, the number of questionnaire sheets actually used in analyses was 288 and thus the collect rate was 96%. Results : Major results of this study are as follows. First, the number of subjects who responded to the questionnaire was 288 in total. Forty-six percent of the patients reported KM usage and the most commonly used ginseng and qigong/exercise. KM use was found to be associated with age, experiencing side effects of cancer treamnent. Factors that affect the use of KM were analyzed by Linear Logistic Regression and the results showed that age, experiencing side effects of cancer treatment, effectiveness of cancer treatment, and satisfaction of the treatment were factors that were related with relatively more frequent use of KM. Conclusions : Comparing the previous studies, it could be seen that patients with breast cancer were highly interested in and used KM in which conventional medicine and KM are used simultaneously. Knowledge on the integrative use of KM and conventional therapies is necessary for cancer physicians and traditional Korean medical doctors to help patients make informed choices. KM use may play a role in the positive benefits associated with process of breast center treatment. Healthcare providers should communicate correct information on the KM use that has been scientifically verified and talk with each other openly. The fact that the significant correlation between predictive factors for the use of KM was identified trough the present study is quite meaningful.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1997

Background : A pressure sore was defined as any skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure and resulting in damage to underlying tissue. The health care institutions in the United States were reported the incident rate of pressure sores ranging from 6 to 14 %. Intensive Care Unit needed highest quality of care has been found over 40% incidence rate of pressure sore. Also, Annual expenditures for the care of pressure sores in patients in the United States have been estimated to be $7.5 billion; furthermore, 50 percent more nursing time is required to care for patients with pressure sore in comparison to the time needed to implement preventive measures against pressure sore formation. However, In Korea, there were little reliable reports, or researches, about incidence rates of pressure sore in health care institution including intensive care unit and about the integrated approach like CQI action team for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Therefore, this study was to develop pressure sore risk assessment tool and the protocol for prevention of pressure sore formation through CQI action team activities, to monitor incident rate of pressure sore and the length of sore formation for patients at high risk, and to approximately estimate nursing time for sore dressing during research period as the effect of CQI action team. Method : CQI action team in intensive care unit, launched since early 1996, reviewed the literature for the standardized risk assessment tool, developed the pressure sore assessment tool based on the Braden Scale, tested its validity, compared on statistics including incidence rate of pressure sore for patients at high risk. Throughout these activities, CQI action team was developed the protocol, called as St. Marys hospital Intensive Care Unit Pressure Sore Protocol, shifted the emphasis from wound treatment to wound prevention. After applied the protocol to patients at high risk, the incident rate and the period of prevention against pressure development were tested with those for patients who received care before implementation of protocol by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier Method of Survival Analysis. Result : The CQI action team found that these was significant difference of in incidence rate of pressure sores between patients at high risk (control group) who received care before implementation of protocol and those (experimental group) who received it after implementation of protocol (p<.05). 25% possibility of pressure sore formation was shown for the patients with 6th hospital day in ICU in control group. In experimental group, the patients with 10th hospital day had 10% possibility of pressure sore. Therefore, there was significant difference(p<.05) in survival rate between two groups. Also, nursing time for dressing on pressure sore in experimental group was decreased as much as 50% of it in control group. Conclusion : The collaborative team effort led to reduced incidence, increased the length of prevention against pressure sore, and declined nursing care times for sore dressing. However, there have had several suggestions for future study. The preventive care system for pressure sore should be applied to patients at moderate, or low risk throughout continuous CQI team activities based on Bed Sore Indicator Fact Sheet. Hospital-wide supports, such as incentives, would be offered to participants for keeping strong commitment to CQI team. Also, Quality Information System monitoring incidents and estimating cost of poor quality, like workload (full time equivalence) or financial loss, regularly in a hospital has to be developed first for supporting CQI team activities as well as empowering hospital-wide QI implementation. Being several limitations, this study would be one of the report cards for the CQI team activities in intensive care unit of an acute hospital and a trial of quality improvement of health care in Korea.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.408-416
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• 1992

Single-Si 기판과 poly-Si 기판에 각각 Ti을 sputter한 후 RTA 처리하여 안정한 TiS$i_2$를 형성하였다. 그 위에 Si이 1% 첨가된 Al-1% Si을 600nm sputter한 후 후속 열처리로서 400-60$0^{\circ}C$ 에서 30분간 $N_2$분위기로 furnace어닐링을 실시하였다. 이렇게 준비된 각 시편에 대하여 면저항 측정, Auger분석, SEM 사진으로 Al-1% Si/TiS$i_2$이중층 구조에서 Ti-silicide의 열적 안정성을 살펴 보았고, EDS 분석과 X-ray 회절 peak 분석을 통하여 Al-1% Si 층과 TiS$i_2$층의 반응으로 생긴 석출물의 성분과 상을 조사하였다. 이로 부터 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다 Single-Si 기관에서 형성한 TiS$i_2$층은 Al-1% Si 층과 55$0^{\circ}C$에서 완전히 반응하여 석출물을 형성하였고, poly-Si 기판에서 형성한 TiS$i_2$층은 Al-1% Si 층과 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 완전히 반응하여 석출물을 형성하였는데 전반적으로 기판이 poly-Si인 경우가 반응이 더 잘 일어났고, 석출물의 크기도 비교적 컸다. 이는 poly-Si에 존재하는 grain boundary로 인해 poly-Si에서 형성된 Ti-silicide 층이single-Si 기관에서 형성된 Ti-silicide 층보다 불안정하기 때문으로 생각된다. EDS 분석에 의하여 석출물은 Ti, Al, 그리고 Si로 이루어진 3상 화합물이라고 추정되었고, X-ray회절 분석에 의해 석출물은 Ti, Al, 그리고 Si간의 3상 화합물인 T$i_7$A$l_5$S$i_12$로 확인되었다.