• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2023

A robot-friendly building certification system was established in 2022 to accommodate the growing number of service robots introduced into buildings. However, this system primarily targeted office buildings, with limitations in applying other functional architectures. To address this problem, we developed a certification model of a robot-friendly environment to extend the existing system to apartment complexes. Using focus group interviews and the analytic hierarchy process, we established 28 evaluating items categorized as (a) architecture and facility design, (b) networks and systems, (c) building operations management, and (d) support for robot activity and other services. These indicators were weighted based on their relative importance within and between categories, resulting in scores ranging from 1 to 18 points and a total of 176 points. According to evaluations with the 28 items, each apartment complex could be graded as "best," "excellent," or "general" based on its total achieved scores. This study is significant, as we present the world's first certification model of a robot-friendly environment for apartment complexes that considers human-robot interactions

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2023

Aircrews and passengers are exposed to radiation from cosmic rays and secondary scattered rays generated by reactions with air or aircraft. For aircrews, radiation safety management is based on the exposure dose calculated using a space-weather environment simulation. However, the exposure dose varies depending on solar activity, altitude, flight path, etc., so measuring by route is more suggestive than the calculation. In this study, we developed an instrument to measure the cosmic radiation dose using a general-purpose Si sensor and a multichannel analyzer. The dose calculation applied the algorithm of CRaTER (Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation), a space radiation measuring device of NASA. Energy and dose calibration was performed with Cs-137 662 keV gamma rays at a standard calibration facility, and good dose rate dependence was confirmed in the experimental range. Using the instrument, the dose was directly measured on the international line between Dubai and Incheon in May 2023, and it was similar to the result calculated by KREAM (Korean Radiation Exposure Assessment Model for Aviation Route Dose) within 12%. It was confirmed that the dose increased as the altitude and latitude increased, consistent with the calculation results by KREAM. Some limitations require more verification experiments. However, we confirmed it has sufficient utilization potential as a cost-effective measuring instrument for monitoring exposure dose inside or on personal aircraft.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2021

The number of CCTV installed in Korea is over 1.3 million, increasing by more than 15% annually. However, due to the limited budget compared to the installation demand, the infrastructure is composed of 500,000 pixel low-quality CCTV, and there is a limits on identification of objects in the video. Public CCTV has high utility in various fields such as crime prevention, traffic information collection (control), facility management, and fire prevention. Especially, since installed in high height, it works as its role in solving diverse crime and is in increasing trend. However, the current public CCTV field is operated with potential problems such as inability to identify due to environmental factors such as fog, snow, and rain, and the low-quality of collected images due to the installation of low-quality CCTV. Therefore, in this study, in order to remove the typical low-quality elements of public CCTV, the method of attenuating scattered light in the image caused by dust, water droplets, fog, etc and algorithm application method which uses deep-learning algorithm to improve input video into videos over quality over 4K are suggested.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1D
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• pp.129-136
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• 2008

Along with the development in cutting-edge digital technology, the street space is also being changed. Mobile telecommunication units and internet give a big change in a human being's lifestyle. And the ubiquitous computing is proceeding with expanding its application range from the indoor space to the street space. As the street furniture is the convenient facility that allows a human being's life in street space to be abundant, it is getting advanced. First of all, in terms of such phenomenon, this study analyzed the cases of a research on application of street space and the actual condition of a change in the number of individuals for the street furniture, through a literature research of ubiquitous. Also, it researched into the realities of using the street furniture of the walking-desired streets at Daehac-ro and Hongdae district, where are two representative places related to digital generation. The next was carried out FGI (Focus Group Interview) with users of the street space in front of Hongik University and managers of the street furniture, and was researched into the use & management behavior, and recognition level on the street furniture. Thus, the key elements were extracted such as interchange of information for cultural activities, automation for interaction variability in function. Finally the core elements for future vision of street furniture in this digital era were extracted in 3I, namely, Information, Intellectualization, and Integration. This is considered to be applied to the establishment of direction in the process of high-tech digitalization in street furniture related to information hereafter.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4B
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• pp.339-346
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• 2009

In this study, the flow characteristics of the sea region, where tidal current and shock waves are combined, are identified using a three-dimensional numerical model (Princeton Ocean Model, POM). The model is adopted and applied for simulating the flows of the sea region near the open sections during the seadike closure work of Sihwa Seadike which was closed in 1994. The simulation results show that the shock waves with high velocities propagate through the sections toward the inside and outside of the seadike during the periods of the spring and ebb tides, respectively. It is found that the phenomena of flow separation occur near the shock waves; as the shock waves extend to wider zones after passing the sections, their effects on the tidal current become weak. In addition, the longitudinal velocity profiles of the flows are revealed to be affected by the shock waves. For all the simulations, at the ebb tide, the drawdown of the water levels occurs in front of the open section, respectively, especially, hydraulic jump occurs when simulating the case of maximum difference in water level between the inside and outside of the seadike. As a result, it is thought that the flow characteristics of the sea region dominated by shock waves need to be identified employing three-dimensional analysis approach, which is expected to provide the information for ocean engineering works and facility management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6D
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• pp.761-770
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• 2009

The energy efficiency and environment-friendly aspect of the railway system would be superior to other on-land ransportation systems. In a preliminary feasibility study stage and selection of optimal railway route, the energy efficiency and problems related to environment are usually considered. For the selection of optimal railway route, geographical features and facility of management are generally considered. Environment effect factors for the selection of environment-friendly railway router are focused and studied in this paper. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists (railway, environment, transport, urban planning, survey) and the guideline for construction of environment-friendly railway were accomplished. From these results of various analysis, 7 major categories (topography/geology, flora and fauna, Nature Property, air quality, water quality, noise/vibration, visual impact/cultural assets) were extracted. To select environment friendly railway route, many alternatives should be compared optimal route must be selected by a comprehensive assessment considering these 7 categories. To solve this problem, the selected method was AHP which simplifies the complex problems utilizing hierarchy, quantifying qualitative problems through 1:1 comparison, and extracting objective conclusions by maintaining consistency. As a result, a GUIbased program was developed which provides basic values of weighted parameters of each category defined by specialists, and a quantification of detailed assessment guidelines to ensures consistency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

In this study, the status and characteristics of fine dust and its impact on neighboring areas were investigated to proactively respond to the government's environmental regulations expected in the future and to minimize the damage by the fine dust generated at construction waste intermediate treatment plants. In addition, since there are no such plants that can affect the surroundings with no houses or other waste treatment sites nearby, an independently located construction waste intermediate treatment plant was selected to compare the characteristics of fine dust with that from the construction waste intermediate treatment sites located in the downtown area. The conclusions of the study are as follows. (1) The measurement results of PM10 at 4 points in the plant showed that the location where the crushing facility was operating had an elevated level of fine dust at 80㎍/m³ on average and a maximum of 124㎍/m³, and the level rose to 110㎍/m³ at points where vehicles frequent. (2) The PM2.5 measurement results inside the plant showed that the average concentration of the reference point was 16㎍/m³ and the maximum value was 20㎍/m³, which was distributed within the management standard. (3) It was found that the average concentration of PM10 in the nearby area ranged from 28 to 38㎍/m³, which was similar to or lower than 36㎍/m³ of the reference point. Therefore, the concentration of the fine dust generated in the plant had a negligible effect on the increase in concentration of fine dust in nearby areas. (4) The heavy metal contents were measured from the filter paper collected from the plant. The PM10 was found to be about 14 to 26ng/m³, and PM 2.5 was 25 to 28ng/m³, which was the average of domestic atmospheric concentrations. (5) The SEM-EDX analysis results showed that the PM10 contained Si and O around 40% similarly for both. The SiO2, a component of silica occupied the most and C was present as CaCO3, which was assumed to be a limestone component. The remaining components included NaO, Al2O3, and CaO as trace oxides. (6) The SEM-EDX analysis results showed that the PM 2.5 contained 5 to 7% of Cl, which is a chlorine ion, and a small amount of K was detected at 2.51% in the sample from the shutdown plant.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2023

This study measured the social value of social economy enterprises in Incheon Metropolitan City using the Social Value Index (SVI) developed by the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The results showed that the social value orientation of the business activities of SSEs averaged 9.3 out of 15 points, and their innovation efforts were 8.0 out of 10 points. The average monetary and non-monetary social contribution efforts of SSEs was 5.1 out of 10. When comparing the average sales and social value scores by industry, the manufacturing sector shows that social enterprises have higher average sales and social value orientation of business activities, but lower social return efforts. Social work facility management and business support services have high average sales, but low social value orientation of business activities and efforts to make monetary or non-monetary social contributions. On the other hand, education services; arts, sports, and leisure-related services; and publishing, video, broadcasting, communication, and information services have lower average revenues but higher social value orientation of business activities. These SVI indicators are well utilized by local governments, but not yet by the central government. In the future, governments and public institutions should reflect the differences between sectors when formulating policies for social enterprises.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1143-1150
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• 2023

The global climate crisis and the implementation of low-carbon policies have led to a growing interest in renewable energy and a growing number of related industries. Among them, solar power is attracting attention as a representative eco-friendly energy that does not deplete and does not emit pollutants or greenhouse gases. As a result, the supplement of solar power facility is increasing all over the world. However, solar power is easily affected by the environment such as geography and weather, so accurate solar power forecast is important for stable operation and efficient management. However, it is very hard to predict the exact amount of solar power using statistical methods. In addition, the conventional prediction methods have focused on only short- or long-term prediction, which causes to take long time to obtain various prediction models with different prediction horizons. Therefore, this study utilizes a many-to-many structure of a recurrent neural network (RNN) to integrate short-term and long-term predictions of solar power generation. We compare various RNN-based very short- and long-term prediction methods for solar power in terms of MSE and R² values.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2024

The total number of railroad stations managed in Korea is 322 (including general and wide-area railways), and a considerable number of stations are aging. In terms of the size of the existing railway station and the number of entrances, it has not been possible to secure adequate service capacity, and the demand for station improvement is increasing due to changes in surrounding conditions such as urban development. In the past, railroad stations were focused on the simple function of a connection passage in terms of maintenance or management, but in recent years, railroad stations are also changing to an atmosphere that they should be reborn as a user-centered comfortable, convenient, and safe service provision space. In this study, a case study related to the improvement of the old railway station was conducted to derive an improvement plan that meets the improvement standard of the old station, and the service level evaluation standard was developed. By introducing the concept of service level (LOS) in the development model, station congestion, station movement convenience, and station safety were selected as evaluation indicators. In addition, this development model applied an analytical stratification technique to divide various evaluation elements of each indicator into major and detailed elements and derive the relative importance of the elements by class. Priority for improvement was derived using the ratio of the number of E and F on the LOS for each facility. Based on this study, it is expected to be helpful in using it as an evaluation criterion for improving objective and equitable railway station.