• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

Likelihood analysis was used for the revision of release probability/frequency in chlorine Injection facilities used in chlorine process. Typically these facilities consist of pressure cylinder, vaporizer, pipeline, measuring equipment and safety equipment. This paper described the incident scenarios considered, likelihood analysis procedure and the selection and application of basic events and for failure rates of mechanical components. Human errors were also considered. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the likelihood of each determined incident scenarios. We estimated failure rates of mechanical components based on likelihood analysis procedure. Human errors were also considered. It was estimated to have $5.73{\times}10^{-5}\;Cl_2$ leak per year during the major $Cl_2$ handling process. The probability of failure in scrubber system was $4.11{\times}10^{-2}/demand$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

Likelihood analysis was used for the revision of release probability/frequency in chlorine Injection facilities used in chlorine process. Typically these facilities consist of pressure cylinder, vaporizer, pipeline, measuring equipment and safety equipment. This paper described the incident scenarios considered, likelihood analysis procedure and the selection and application of basic events and for failure rates of mechanical components. Human errors were also considered. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the likelihood of each determined incident scenarios. We estimated failure rates of mechanical components based on likelihood analysis procedure. Human errors were also considered. It was estimated to have $5.73{\times}10^{-5}$ $Cl_2$ leak per year during the major $Cl_2$ handling process. The probability of failure in scrubber system was$4.11{\times}10^{-2}$/demand.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-118
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• 2019

Every year, many people are severely injured or lose their lives in accidents such as fire, chemical spill, public pandemonium, school shooting, and workplace violence. Research indicates that the fate of people in an emergency situation involving one or more hazards depends not only on the design of the space (e.g., residential building, industrial facility, shopping mall, sports stadium, school, concert hall) in which the incident occurs, but also on a host of other factors including but not limited to (a) occupants' characteristics, (b) level of familiarity with and cognition of the surroundings, and (c) effectiveness of hazard intervention systems. In this paper, we present EVAQ, a simulation framework for modeling large crowd evacuation by taking into account occupants' behaviors and interactions during an emergency. In particular, human's personal (i.e., age, gender, disability) and interpersonal (i.e., group behavior and interactions) attributes are parameterized in a hazard-impacted environment. In addition, different hazard types (e.g., fire, lone wolf attacker) and propagation patterns, as well as intervention schemes (simulating building repellent systems, firefighters, law enforcement) are modeled. Next, the application of EVAQ to crowd egress planning in an airport terminal under human attack, and a shopping mall in fire emergency are presented and results are discussed. Finally, a validation test is performed using real world data from a past building fire incident to assess the reliability and integrity of EVAQ in comparison with existing evacuation modeling tools.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.237-246
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• 2022

Based on the random-vibration-theory methodology, dynamic responses of nuclear facilities subjected to obliquely incidental and incoherent earthquake ground motions are calculated. The spectral power density functions of the 6-degree-of-freedom motions of a rigid foundation due to the incoherent ground motions are obtained with the local wave scattering and wave passage effects taken into consideration. The spectral power density function for the pseudo-acceleration of equipment installed on a structural floor is derived. The spectral acceleration of the equipment or the in-structure response spectrum is then estimated using the peak factors of random vibration. The approach is applied to nuclear power plant structures installed on half-spaces, and the reduction of high-frequency earthquake responses due to obliquely incident incoherent earthquake ground motions is examined. The influences of local wave scattering and wave passage effects are investigated for three half-spaces with different shear-wave velocities. When the shear-wave velocity is sufficiently large like hard rock, the local wave scattering significantly affects the reduction of the earthquake responses. In the cases of rock or soft rock, the earthquake responses of structures are further affected by the incident angles of seismic waves or the wave passage effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

This paper is to show the long-term roadmap by analyzing the development trend for the safety technology of facility disaster in the country and abroad, and it is designed to plan the long term and roadmap in response to change the disaster environment. Recently in the country, it is increasing the needs of the long term roadmap design of the facility disaster research development in the facility disaster, by the repidly of the social and the living and the related governments response's changing. The U.S. is going to develop the disaster responding research by planning the its master plans, including the NRF (National Responing Framwork), the NIMS (National Incident Management System), and its sinarios etc.. Japan is going to develop the research planning in the annual report of the disaster prevention, and we going to do the study projects about the facility disaster area with the NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency) and NDMI (National Disaster Management Institute). This paper is showed to design the long term roadmap of the facility disaster's study development, and to minimize the damage of the man and his property, and to set the study development system of the national facility disaster, and furthering to make the resilient planning in changing of the facility disaster's environment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Traffic congestion cost is more likely to occur in the inner city than interregional road, and it accounts for about 63.39% of the whole. Therefore, it is important to mitigate traffic congestion of the inner city. Traffic congestion in the urban could be divided into Recurrent congestion and Non-recurrent congestion. Quick and accurate detection of Non-recurrent congestion is also important in order to relieve traffic congestion. The existing studies about incident detection have been variously conducted, however it was limited to Uninterrupted Traffic Flow Facilities such as freeway. Moreover study of incident detection on the interrupted Traffic Flow Facilities is still inadequate due to complex geometric structure such as traffic signals and intersections. Therefore, in this study, incident detection model was constructed using by Artificial Neural Network to aim at urban arterial road that is interrupted traffic flow facility. In the result of the reliability assessment, the detection rate were 46.15% and false alarm rate were 25.00%. These results have a meaning as a result of the initial study aimed at interrupted traffic flow. Furthermore, it demonstrates the possibility that Non-recurrent congestion can be detected by using car navigation data such as car navigator system device.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

Objective: This paper presents additional considerations related to organization and safety culture extracted from recent human error incidents in Korea, such as station blackout(i.e., SBO) in Kori#1. Background: Safety culture has been already highlighted as a major cause of human errors after 1986 Chernobyl accident. After Fukushima accident in Japan, the public acceptance for nuclear energy has taken its toll. Organizational characteristics and culture became elucidated as a major contributor again. Therefore many nuclear countries are re-evaluating their safety culture, and discussing any preparedness and its improvement. On top of that, there was an SBO in 2012 in the Kori#1. Korean public feels frustrated due to the similar human errors causing to a catastrophe like Fukushima accident. Method: This paper reassesses Japan's incidents, and revisits Korea's recent incidents. It focuses on the analysis of the hazards rather than the causes of human errors, the derivation of countermeasures, and their implementation. The preceding incidents and conclusions from Japanese experience are also re-analyzed. The Fukushima accident was an SBO due to the natural disaster such as earthquakes and a successive tsunami. Unlike the Fukushima accident, the Kori#1 incident itself was simple and restored without any loss and radioactive release. However, the fact that the incident was deliberately concealed led to massive distrust. Moreover, the continued violation of rules and organized concealment of the accident are serious signs of a new distorted type of human errors, blatantly revealing the cultural and fundamental weakness of the current organization. Result: We should learn from Japanese experiences who had taken pride in its safety technology and fairly high confidence in safety culture. Japan's first criticality accident in JCO facility splashed cold water on that confidence. It has turned out to be a typical case revealing the problems in the organization and safety culture. Since Japan has failed to gain lessons and countermeasure, the issue persists to the Fukushima incident. Conclusion: Safety culture is not a specific independent element, which makes it difficult to either evaluate it properly or establish countermeasures from the lessons. It may continue to expose similar human errors such as concealment of incident and manipulation of bad data. Application: Not only will this work establish the course of research for organization and safety culture, but this work will also contribute to the revitalization of Korea's nuclear industry from the disappointment after the export contract to UAE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.155-159
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• 2004

The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code has come into force on July 7$^{th}$ 2004. It would therefore be prudent that all parties' concerned put in place, methodically, systematically and as soon as possible, all the necessary infrastructure needed to give effect to all the decisions of the Conference. But the ISPS Code doesn't have the details during implementation. For example, how to legislate, administrate\ulcorner How are the data relating to security incident saved\ulcorner So, the author will lay emphasis to expatiate on three aspects in this thesis on the basis of the fact of anti-terrorism at sea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.67-71
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• 2003

The propagation characteristics of the impulse wave discharged from the exit of a perforated pipe is investigated through a simple shock tube facility. The pressure histories and directivities of the impulse wave propagating outside from the exit of pipe with several different configurations are analyzed for the range of the incident weak shock wave Mach number between 1.02 and 1.2. In the shock tube experiments, the impulse wave are visualized by a Schlieren optical system for the purpose of understanding its propagation characteristics. The experimental results show that for the near sound field the impulse noise strongly propagates toward to the pipe axis, but for the far sound field the impulse noise uniformly propagates toward to the omnidirections, indicating that the directivity pattern is almost same regardless of the pipe type. Especially, it is shown that the perforated pipe has a little performance to reduce the impulse noise only for the near sound field

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2019

In case of fire in a compartmentalized building area, a number of casualties are caused by smoke production. Accordingly, openings, penetrations and joints in compartmentalized spaces should be secured not only for fire resistance but also for smoke-proofing. However, domestic test regulations stipulate test methods for refractory performance of penetrations and joints, but do not specify separate deferral performance. In the case of openings, the test for the smoke performance exists at room temperature, but the smoke performance at high temperature is not secured, so countermeasures are needed.