• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.743-756
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to set measurement parts which are important to identify the size and shape of the head in order to produce tightly fitted hats, and to identify detailed sizes and the major factors of head shape classifications of Korean women. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. Materials were analyzed by SPSS Ver.10 and technology statistics and factor analysis were performed according to the agenda. An attempt was made to conduct factor analysis of the measured region of the head in women's. Here, this study drew the head and the facial parts horizontal size as Factor 1, the head and facial parts vertical size as Factor 2, the circumference and width item as Factor 3, the factor representing the form of head height as Factor 4, the factor expressing the proportion of the facial form as Factor 5 and the factor about the frontal and back head form on the plan of the middle as Factor 6. Through this study, we will be able to systemize head measurement materials that can differentiate Korean's head from other peoples' and can use the results in developing head shape models according to Korean's head shape by selecting major head parts needed to identify the sizes and shapes.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.773-779
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• 2003

Locating exact position of facial components is a key preprocessing for realizing highly accurate and reliable face recognition schemes. In this paper, we propose a simple but powerful method for detecting isolated facial components such as eyebrows, eyes, and a mouth, which are horizontally oriented and have relatively dark gray levels. The method is based on the shape-resolving locally optimum thresholding that may guarantee isolated detection of each component. We show that pure facial regions can be determined by grouping facial features satisfying simple geometric constraints on unique facial structure. In the test for over 1000 images in the AR -face database, pure facial regions were detected correctly for each face image without wearing glasses. Very few errors occurred in the face images wearing glasses with a thick frame because of the occluded eyebrow -pairs. The proposed scheme may be best suited for the later stage of classification using either the mappings or a template matching, because of its capability of handling rotational and translational variations.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

For the purpose of the basic educated-establishment on the diagnostic methods of "facial color and shape which reflect human's spiritual essence and personality", we study on the diagnostic value and application of the human face. The study's domain is divided the form and color of human face. And the form and color of human face is respectively observed the diagnostic value and contents. The form of human face reflect plenty the information of the mankind, and the observation of the face is applied to the "Physiognomie" refering to the external features of humans. Therefore the diagnosis on the form of human face is the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the discrimination of the Sasang constitution, and the classification of Hyunsang type. The color of human face reflect the physical information of internal organs and the pathological change of disease, therefore we examine the region, character and grade of disease by the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and luster of the facial skin. The inspection on the color is also the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the classification of Hyunsang and the differentiation of syndromes. The value of the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and form of the face is widely known. In the future, we think, we need to study more about the theory of the diagnostic value and application of the human face.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.2 s.314
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• pp.82-92
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• 2007

This paper describes a novel global shape (GS) feature based on radial basis function network (RBFN) and the extraction method of the proposed feature for 3D face recognition. RBFN is the weighted sum of RBfs, it well present the non-linearity of a facial shape using the linear combination of RBFs. It is the proposed facial feature that the weights of RBFN learned by the horizontal profiles of a face. RBFN based feature expresses the locality of the facial shape even if it is GS feature, and it reduces the feature complexity like existing global methods. And it also get the smoothing effect of the facial shape. Through the experiments, we get 94.7% using the proposed feature and hidden markov model (HMM) to match the features for 100 gallery set with those for 300 test set.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study face images according to the difference of facial shape and make-up. A variety of face images can be formulated by computer graphic simulation, combining numerously different facial shapes and make-up styles. In order to check out the diverse images by make-up styles, we applied five forms of eye brows, two types of eye shadows, and three lip shapes to the round-shaped face of a model. The question sheet, used with a operational stimulant in the experiment, contained 28 articles, composed of a pair of bi-ended adjective in 7 point scale. Data were analyzed using Varimax perpendicular rotation method, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Three-way ANOVA. After comparing various results of make-up application to various face types, we could find that facial shape, eye-brows, eye-shadow, and lip shapes influence interactively on total facial images. As a result of make-up image perception analyses, a factor structure was divided into mildness, modernness, elegance, and sociableness. Speaking of make-up image in terms of those factors, round form make-up style showed the highest level of mildness. Upward and straight style of make-up had the highest of modernness. Elegance level went highest when eye shadow style was round form and lip style was straight. Lastly, an incurve lip make-up style showed the highest of sociableness.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the facial skeletal patterns and the shape of the mandibular symphysis in adults with malocclusion by using a structural equation model (SEM). Methods: Ninety adults who had malocclusion and had records of facial skeletal measurements performed using cone-beam computed tomography were selected for this study. The skeletal measurements were classified into three groups (vertical, anteroposterior, and transverse). Cross-sectional images of the mandibular symphysis were analyzed using generalized Procrustes and principal component (PC) analyses. A SEM was constructed after the factors were extracted via factor analysis. Results: Two factors were extracted from the transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior skeletal measurements. Latent variables were extracted for each factor. PC1, PC2, and PC3 were selected to analyze the variations of the mandibular symphyseal shape. The SEM was constructed using the skeletal variables, PCs, and latent variables. The SEM showed that the vertical latent variable exerted the most influence on the mandibular symphyseal shape. Conclusions: The relationship between the skeletal pattern and the mandibular symphysis was analyzed using a SEM, which showed that the vertical facial skeletal pattern had the highest effect on the shape of the mandibular symphysis.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2213-2216
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose the face identification method which is robust for lighting based on the feature points method. First of all, the proposed method extracts an edge of facial feature. Then, by the hough transform, it determines ellipse parameters of each facial feature from the extracted edge. Finally, proposed method performs the face identification by using parameters. Even if face image is taken under various lighting condition, it is easy to extract the facial feature edge. Moreover, it is possible to extract a subject even if the object has not appeared enough because this method extracts approximately the parameters by the hough transformation. Therefore, proposed method is robust for the lighting condition compared with conventional method. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, computer simulations are done by using the real images.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify women's face types and to analyze the measurement of face types. For study, 180 adult women(aged between 20 and 29) in Pusan and Ulsan area was sampled to be measured for facial types. Data were analyzed by Frequencies, Means, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Distinction analysis. The major results were as followed. Women's face types were classified by 6 types and there were round shape(29.4%), oblong shape(18.9%), inverted triangle shape(16.1%), square shape(13.9%), egg shape(11.7%), diamond shape(10.0%) in the subject. Phyiognomic facial height was 182.38mm, the upper face length was 59.82mm, the middle face length 60.82mm, the lower face length 61.76mm, and the index of face length to face breadth was 1.35. The face width was 134.90mm, interocular distance 34.75mm, the nose width 33.93mm, and mouth width was 43.87mm. And also, differences from those measurements like forehead breadth, face length/bizygion breadth, forehead slopper, bigonion breadth, bignathion breadth, bignathion slopper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.689-694
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• 2009

We developed a facial image generating technique that can manipulate facial impressions. The present study applied this impression transferring method to higher-order impressions such as "elegance" or "attractiveness" and confirmed the psychological validity of this method using the semantic differential method. Subsequently, we applied this method to two types of cognitive experiments. First, we examined the contributions of texture and shape on the facial impressions by using those face images for which the impressions have already been quantitatively manipulated based on this method. Second, we used such stimuli to examine the effect of facial impressions and attractiveness on the "mere exposure effect." Thus, we concluded that the impression transfer vector method is an effective tool to quantitatively manipulate the facial impressions in various cognitive studies.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method of the mandible using shape-constrained information in cranio-maxillo-facial CBCT images. The proposed method consists of the following two steps. First, the mandible segmentation based on the global shape information is performed through the statistical shape model generated using the MDCT images. Second, improvement of mandible segmentation is performed considering the local shape information and intensity characteristics of the mandible. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the proposed method was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on the results of manual segmentation by expert. Experimental results show that the Dice Similarity Coefficient of the proposed method was 95.64% and 90.97%, respectively, in the mandible body region including the narrow region of large curvature and the condyle region with large positional variance.