• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.731-751
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• 2019

This study examined the impact of various product photo features on the attention of potential consumers in online apparel retailers' environment. Recently, the method of apparel's product photo representation in online shopping stores has been changed a lot from the classic product photos in the early days. In order to investigate if this shift is effective in attracting consumers' attention, we examined the related theory and verified its effect through laboratory experiments. In particular, experiment data was collected and analyzed using eye tracking technology. According to the results of this study, it was shown that the product photos with asymmetry are more attractive than symmetrical photos, well emphasized object within a photo more attractive than partially emphasized, smiling faces are more attractive for customer than emotionless and sad, and photos with uncentered models focus more consumer's attention than photos with model in the center. These results are expected to help design internet shopping stores to gaze more customers' attention.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.727-730
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• 2007

본 논문은 Gabor 특징과 FloatBoost 학습을 이용한 효과적인 표정 인식 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 FloatBoost 알고리즘에 의해 각 표정 단위로 최적의 Gabor 특징을 학습하고 입력 영상으로부터 학습된 각 표정에 대한 Gabor 특징들의 조합을 비교하여 표정을 효과적으로 인식한다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법의 성능 및 효율성의 우수함을 확인 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 2004

UV radiation exerts various influences in the skin, including photoaging and inflammation (1). The MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases), which are induced by UV irradiation, can degrade matrix proteins, and these results in a collagen deficiency in photodamaged skin that leads to skin wrinkling. It has been known that the production of PGE$_2$ stimulates MMPs expression, and inhibits procollagen (2). Thus, it is possible that the induction of MMPs and the inhibition of matrix protein synthesis by UV -induced PGE$_2$ may play some role in UV-induced collagen deficiency in photoaged skin. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, is reported to have cytoprotective effects against ischemia and postischemic reperfusion injury of brain and heart, presumably by augmenting anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism (3). And also, FDP significantly prevent skin aging by decreasing facial winkle compared with vehicle alone after 6 months of use. We studied the mechanism of anti-aging effect of FDP on UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocyte model. FDP has protective role in UVB injured keratinocyte by attenuating prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$) production and COX-2 expression. And FDP also suppressed UVB-induced MMP-2 expression. Further, to delineate the inhibition of UVB-induced COX-2 and MMPs expression with cell signaling pathways, treatment of FDP to HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in marked inhibition of UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK. It also prevents UV induced NFB translocation, which are activated by cellular inflammatory signal. Our results indicate that FDP has protecting effects in UV-injured skin aging by decreasing UVB-induced COX-2 and MMPs expression, which are possibly through blocking UVB-induced signal cascades.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.63-71
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• 2007

From several commercialized games the technique of changing facial expressions is imported, and a design method of a game character for the player's empathy is expected to be diversified in the future. In this paper, as a design method of a game character for the player's empathy, this makes walking motion for the game character applied with 'human-emotion' factors as statistics variation of a game character in RPG genre. After this paper implements analyzed emotions of human facial expression and walking motions applied with emotion in examples of character animation theory, this paper divides walking motion applied with human-emotion factors into 8 types through relationship to statistics factors in RPG genre. And then these are applied to a knight character, which has the most similarity with human's physical feature of the game characters in RPG genre, and makes walking motion as variable statistics. As a game player controls the game character applied with 'human-emotion' factors, the effect of the player's empathy about the game character becomes higher, and the level of immersion in game play is also expected to increase.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Eigenface method in face recognition is useful due to its insensitivity to large variations in facial expression and facial details. However its low recognition rate necessitates additional researches. In this paper, we present an efficient method for improving the recognition rate in face recognition using eigenface feature. For this, we performs a comparative study of three different classifiers which are i) a single prototype (SP) classifier, ii) a nearest neighbor (NN) classifier, and iii) a standard feedforward neural network (FNN) classifier. By evaluating and analyzing the performance of these three classifiers, we shows that the distribution of eigenface features of face image is not compact and that selections of classifier and sample training data are important for obtaining higher recognition rate. Our experiments with the ORL face database show that 1-NN classifier outperforms the SP and FNN classifiers. We have achieved a recognition rate of 91.0% by selecting sample trainging data properly and using 1-NN classifier.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for temporary improvement of glabellar lines in patients 65 years and younger in 2002, and has also been used widely for aesthetic purposes such as hyperhidrosis, body shape contouring, and other noninvasive facial procedures. BoNT-A inhibits presynaptic exocytosis of acetylcholine (ACh)-containing vesicles into the neuromuscular junction at cholinergic nerve endings of the peripheral nervous system, thereby paralyzing skeletal muscles. ACh is the most broadly used neurotransmitter in the somatic nervous system, preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nerves, and preganglionic fibers or postganglionic sudomotor nerves of sympathetic nerves. The scientific basis for using BoNT-A in various cosmetic procedures is that its function goes beyond the dual role of muscle paralysis and neuromodulation by inhibiting the secretion of ACh. Although the major target organs for aesthetic procedures are facial expression muscles, skeletal body muscles, salivary glands, and sweat glands, which are innervated by the somatic or autonomic nerves of the peripheral cholinergic nerve system, few studies have attempted to directly explain the anatomy of the areas targeted for injection by addressing the neural physiology and rationale for specific aesthetic applications of BoNT-A therapy. In this article, we classify the various cosmetic uses of BoNT-A according to the relevant component of the peripheral nervous system, and describe scientific theories regarding the anatomy and physiology of the cholinergic nervous system. We also review critical physiological factors and conditions influencing the efficacy of BoNT-A for the rational aesthetic use of BoNT-A. We hope that this comprehensive review helps promote management policies to support long-term, safe, successful practice. Furthermore, based on this, we look forward to developing and expanding new advanced indications for the aesthetic use of BoNT-A in the future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-118
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• 2022

Human can rapidly detect and deal with dangerous elements in their environment, and they generally manifest as attentional bias toward threat. Past studies have reported that this attentional bias is affected by anxiety level. Other studies, however, have argued that children and adolescents show attentional bias to threatening stimuli, regardless of their anxiety levels. Few studies directly have compared the two age groups in terms of attentional bias to threat, and furthermore, most previous studies have focused on attentional capture and the early stages of attention, without investigating further attentional holding by the stimuli. In this study, we investigated both attentional bias patterns (attentional capture and holding) with respect to negative emotional stimulus in neurotypical adults and adolescents. The effects of anxiety level on attentional bias were also examined. The results obtained for adult participants showed that abrupt onset of a distractor delayed attentional capture to the target, regardless of distractor type (angry or neutral faces), while it had no effect on attention holding. In adolescents, on the other hand, only the angry face distractor resulted in longer reaction time for detecting a target. Regarding anxiety, state anxiety revealed a significant positive correlation with attentional capture to a face distractor in adult participants but not in adolescents. Overall, this is the first study to investigate developmental tendencies of attentional bias to negative facial emotion in both adults and adolescents, providing novel evidence on attentional bias to threats at different ages. Our results can be applied to understanding the attentional mechanisms in people with emotion-related developmental disorders, as well as typical development.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2009

Today an embodied agent generates a large amount of interest because of its vital role for human-human interactions and human-computer interactions in virtual world. A number of researchers have found that we can recognize and distinguish between various emotions expressed by an embodied agent. In addition many studies found that we respond to simulated emotions in a similar way to human emotion. This study investigates interpretation of mismatched emotions expressed by an embodied agent (e.g. a happy face with a sad voice); whether audio-visual channel integration occurs or one channel dominates when participants judge the emotion. The study employed a 4 (visual: happy, sad, warm, cold) $\times$ 4 (audio: happy, sad, warm, cold) within-subjects repeated measure design. The results suggest that people perceive emotions not depending on just one channel but depending on both channels. Additionally facial expression (happy face vs. sad face) makes a difference in influence of two channels; Audio channel has more influence in interpretation of emotions when facial expression is happy. People were able to feel other emotion which was not expressed by face or voice from mismatched emotional expressions, so there is a possibility that we may express various and delicate emotions with embodied agent by using only several kinds of emotions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.112-120
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• 2009

Face membership authentication is to decide whether an incoming person is an enrolled member or not using face recognition, and basically belongs to two-class classification where support vector machine (SVM) has been successfully applied. The previous SVMs used for face membership authentication have been trained and tested using image feature vectors extracted from member face images of each class (enrolled class and unenrolled class). The SVM so trained using image feature vectors extracted from members in the training set may not achieve robust performance in the testing environments where configuration and size of each class can change dynamically due to member's joining or withdrawal as well as where testing face images have different illumination, pose, or facial expression from those in the training set. In this paper, we propose an effective class discriminating feature vector-based SVM for robust face membership authentication. The adopted features for training and testing the proposed SVM are chosen so as to reflect the capability of discriminating well between the enrolled class and the unenrolled class. Thus, the proposed SVM trained by the adopted class discriminating feature vectors is less affected by the change in membership and variations in illumination, pose, and facial expression of face images. Through experiments, it is shown that the face membership authentication method based on the proposed SVM performs better than the conventional SVM-based authentication methods and is relatively robust to the change in the enrolled class configuration.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve FPS while maintaining the accuracy of YOLO v2 model in NVIDIA Jetson TX1. In general, in order to reduce the amount of computation, a conversion to an integer operation or reducing the depth of a network have been used. However, the accuracy of recognition can be deteriorated. So, we use methods to reduce computation and memory consumption through adjustment of the filter size and integrated computation of the network The first method is to replace the $3{\times}3$ filter with a $1{\times}1$ filter, which reduces the number of parameters to one-ninth. The second method is to reduce the amount of computation through CBR (Convolution-Add Bias-Relu) among the inference acceleration functions of TensorRT, and the last method is to reduce memory consumption by integrating repeated layers using TensorRT. For the simulation results, although the accuracy is decreased by 1% compared to the existing YOLO v2 model, the FPS has been improved from the existing 3.9 FPS to 11 FPS.