• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제32권2호통권297호
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• pp.88-90
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• 1994

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the position of impacted mandibular third molars in different skeletal facial types among a group of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 mandibular third molars in 200 subjects with different types of facial growth were radiographically investigated for their positions according to their types of facial growth on the basis of the ${\beta}$ angle. The subjects were divided into three groups (class I, II, and III) according to ANB angle, representing the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the mandible. Meanwhile, the subjects were also divided into three groups (long, normal, and short face) according to the angle between the stella-nasion and mandibular plane (SNGoGn angle). ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ${\beta}$ angle showed no significant difference among class I, II, and III malocclusions (df=2, F=0.669, p=0.513). The same results were also found in short, normal, and long faces (df=1.842, F=2, p=0.160). The mesioangular position was the most frequent one in almost all of the facial growth patterns. Distoangular and horizontal positions of impaction were not found in the subjects with class III and normal faces. In the long facial growth pattern, the frequency of vertical and distoangular positions were not different. Conclusion: In almost all of the skeletal facial types, the mesioangular impaction of the mandibular third molar was the most prevalent position, followed by the horizontal position. In addition, ${\beta}$ angle showed no significant difference in different types of facial growth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2011

Purpose: Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture is one of the most common facial injuries after facial trauma. As ZMC composes major facial buttress, it is a key element of the facial contour. So, when we treat these fractures, the operator should have a concern with the symmetry to restore normal appearance and function. But sometimes, unfavorable results may occur. The aim of this study is to analyze the unsatisfied midfacial contour after ZMC fractures reduction retrospectively and to point out the notandum. Methods: 369 patients, treated for fractures of the ZMC were included in the study. After the operation, such as open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF with titanium or absorbable materials), open reduction, and closed reduction, midfacial contour was evaluated with plain films and 3-dimensional computed tomography. And unfavorable asymmetric midfacial contours were correcterd by secondary correction and re-evaluated. Gross photographs were obtained at outpatient clinic. Results: Total of 38 patients had got a facial asymmetry and among of them 24 patients were treated secondary revisional ORIF operations for correction of unfavorable result of after primary reduction. Two of them had received tertiary operations, three patients had got osteotomy more than after one year and six patients had got minor procedures. The etiology of asymmetry were lateral displaced simple fracture of arch (n=2), lateral displaced comminuted fracture of arch (n=6), comminuted arch fracture combined posterior root fracture (n=9), and communited arch and body fracture (n=12), severely contused soft tissue (n=9). After the manipulations outcomes were acceptable. Conclusion: To prevent the asymmetry in ZMC fracture reduction, complete analysis of fracture, choice of appropriate operation technique, consider soft tissue, and secure of zygoma position are important. Especially, we should be more careful about communited fracture of zygomatic body and lateral displacement, root fracture of zygomatic arch. Because they are commom causes that make facial asymmetry. To get optimal result, ensure the definite bony reduction.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate clinical usefulness of facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D computed tomographic images. Materials and Methods : One cadaver that had sound facial soft tissues was chosen for the study. The cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT under following scanning protocols about slice thickness and table speed; 3 mm and 3 mm/sec, 5 mm and 5 mm/sec, 7 mm and 7 mm/sec. The acquired data were reconstructed 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mm reconstruction interval respectively and the images were transferred to a personal computer. Using a program developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in 3D image, the facial soft tissue thickness was measured. After the ten-time repeation of the measurement for ten times, repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements using the three scanning protocols. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant intraobserver differences in the measurements of the facial soft tissue thickness using the three scanning protocols (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements in the 3 mm slice thickness and those in the 5 mm, 7 mm slice thickness (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the 14 of the total 30 measured points in the 5 mm slice thickness and 22 in the 7 mm slice thickness. Conclusion : The facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D images of 7 mm slice thickness is acceptable clinically, but those of 5 mm slice thickness is recommended for the more accurate measurement.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016년도 제54차 하계학술대회논문집 24권2호
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• pp.293-294
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• 2016

스마트폰, 블랙박스, CCTV 등을 통해 다양하고 방대한 영상 데이터가 발생하고 있다. 그중에서 사람의 얼굴 영상을 통해 개인을 인식 및 식별하고 감정 상태를 분석하려는 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털영상처리 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 SIFT알고리즘을 이용하여, 얼굴영상에 대한 특징점을 추출하고 이를 기반으로 성별, 나이 및 기초적인 감정 상태를 분류할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-122
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• 1989

McNamara씨 분석법에 의한 악안면골의 성장변화 평가 및 한국인 기준치를 얻고자 정상적인 안모 및 교합을 가졌다고 생각되는 $9\~21$세의 388명(9세, 11세, 13세는 2년 간격으로 누년적으로 얻은 것임)을 대상으로 두부방사선규격 사진을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 남녀별 각 계측항목의 연령에 따른 평균치 및 표준편차를 산출하였다. $9\~13$세 사이에서 effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length, lower anterior facial height는 연평균 각각 1.90, 2.89, 0.99mm 증가하였다. 주어진 effective maxillary length에 대한 적절한 effective mandibular length, lower anterior facial height를 추정 할 수 있는 회귀방정식을 얻었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.131-170
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• 1991

This study was designed to analyze morphological characteristics of Korean young adults, norms and standard deviation of variables, sexual differences, correlationship between each area of face and correlationship between hard tissue and soft tissue. The primary sample consisted of 45 males and 57 females who were early and middle twenties and had acceptable profile, no history of previous orthodontic treatment, absence of remarkably large overjet and overbite, full complement of permanent teeth, Class I skeletal and dental relationships and good vertical facial proportions. Their cephalograms were analyzed morphologically with a computer morphometrics. Then the final sample - 25 males and 38 females - were selected within 1 S.D. of E-line, ANB, P/A facial height ratio, Interincisal angle, L1 to A-Pog, ODI and APDI. The results of the study were as follows: 1 In the form and proportion of facial skeleton there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females. 2. The dental protrusion patterns had no significant sexual difference and no significant correlationship between protrusion of upper lip and inclination of upper incisor. But mentolabial angle had positively correlated with interincisal angle and negatively with inclination of upper and lower incisor. 3. In the relationship between nose and soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in nasal length, height and angular measurements. 4. In analysis of soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in the length and thickness. In the angular measurements and proportion of soft-tissue profile, there were no significant differences between males and females.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2004

본 논문은 차세대 지능형 기술 분야중 하나인 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경 기반에서의 얼굴인식을 제안한 것으로, 모바일 장치 중 하나인 핸드폰 카메라를 이용하여 얼굴 영상을 취득하고, 이를 이용하여 얼굴의 특징을 추출하고 인식하는 과정을 통해 모바일 보안을 생각하고자 한다. 얼굴인식을 위해 제안하는 방법은 PCA와 Fuzzy-LDA를 사용하였으며, 모바일 환경에서 데이터의 량을 줄이기 위해 다해상도 분석을 기반으로 하는 이산 웨이블렛을 사용하였다. 또한 획득된 특징데이터의 연결성을 확인하여 인식률을 얻기 위해 유클리디언 거리 측정 법을 사용하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제안한 방법의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 핸드폰 카메라를 이용해 실험한 결과 일반 카메라에서 획득한 영상에 비해 모바일 장치로부터 획득한 영상이 저해상도를 갖음에도 불구하고 높은 성능을 갖음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2004

Objectives: Sasang Constitutional Medicine is popularly appliedto treatment in Korea. Constitution is a holistic concept contained internal and external characteristics, and physical traits including ordinary symptoms. Skin is one of constitutional property elements. So we researched a correlation female facial skin and sasang constitution. This is a basic study to find constitution can be a major factor to care and manage skin. Methods: We examined sasang constitution and facial skin condition of 100 healthy women who aged from 30 to 59. Hydration and sebum of facial skin was measured by skin diagnostic instrument and skin type was calculated from the data. Keratin, pore size, acne, and brightness of face was measured by skin magnifying lens and subjective skin troubles in ordinary times was also investigated. Constitution diagnosis and Skin diagnosis was investigated separately as a blind test andthe data was statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Correlation analysis, One-way analysis of variance. Results: 1. In sasang constitution, Taeeumingroup bad significant tendencies of larger hydration and sebum amount, combination degree of forehead and cheek was also higher than other constitutions(p<0.05). 2. Facial skin type was significantly different according to Sasang Constitution, Soeumin and Soyangin had a tendency of dry skin comparatively, but Taeeumin had mainly a tendency of combination skin and secondly dry skin(p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no correlation between age and skin type. 3. In subjective skin trouble, Soeumin group had less acne trouble than Soyangin and Taeeumin group(p<0.1). Pore size trouble was more frequent in Soyangin group than Soeumin group(p<0.05). Keratin trouble was more frequent in Soeumin group than Soyangin and Taeumin group(p<0.1). Conclusions: Korean healthy women's skin condition was different according to sasang constitution.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

Purpose: Good color match holds a key position in facial reconstruction for good aesthetic result. To correct the wide facial soft tissue defect were usually used the tissue expanded cheek flap, deltopectoral flap or radial forearm free flap. This study is aimed to analyse the color difference after flap surgery by using chromameter. Method: From August 1995 to December 2006, 30 patients underwent flap operations were chosen randomly and evaluated color differences between flap site and adjacent skin. Reconstructive procedures included tissue expanded cheek flap(n = 10), deltopectoral flap(n = 10), and radial forearm free flap(n = 10). The measured sites were flap center within a radius of 1 ㎝ and four points of adjacent skin along the flap margin. The color was quantified in a three dimensional coordinate system $L^*$ (brightness), $a^*$ (redness), $b^*$ (yellowness). Results: There was no significant color difference between the pedicled flaps(tissue expanded cheek flap and deltopectoral flap) and adjacent skin area. On the other hand, color values of the radial forearm free flap were statistically different from those of adjacent skin area. Total color difference(${\Delta}E$) of tissue expanded cheek flap and deltopectoral flap were $7.45{\pm}5.78$ versus $9.41{\pm}7.09$, and that of radial forearm free flap was $11.74{\pm}3.85$. They suggest that pedicled flaps have a potential of better color match than radial forearm free flap. Conclusion: Thus, better esthetic result and satisfaction is more likely to be expected in pedicled flaps as long as it could be applied comparing radial forearm free flap.